CN206423249U - 一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚 - Google Patents
一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚 Download PDFInfo
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- CN206423249U CN206423249U CN201720027529.1U CN201720027529U CN206423249U CN 206423249 U CN206423249 U CN 206423249U CN 201720027529 U CN201720027529 U CN 201720027529U CN 206423249 U CN206423249 U CN 206423249U
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- 241000026010 Dendrobium candidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound 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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，包括大棚本体，所述大棚本体顶部采用光伏组件和玻璃，大棚本体底部设有供热系统，大棚本体内设有照明和补光系统、喷淋系统、视频监控系统、空气环境监测系统、土壤环境监测系统，大棚墙面设有降温水帘系统、风机和智能控制柜，所述智能控制柜含智能控制器、逆变器、蓄电池，所述控制柜与大棚内所有系统连接。本实用新型采用光伏发电对大棚进行供电，充分保证大棚各系统及的正常运行，将监测数据实时传输给智能控制器，有利于降低管理成本和人员失误，保证铁皮石斛健康生长所需要的环境条件，提高产品质量，光伏发电还可以上网或储存起来，真正实现了智能化种植和发电双赢，具有很大的推广价值。
Description
一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚
技术领域
[0001]本实用新型属于光伏生态农业技术领域，尤其涉及一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能 大棚。
背景技术
[0002] 铁皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)，又名黑节草，为兰科石斛 属植物，主要分布在澳大利亚、东南亚、东亚等国家，中国铁皮石斛产地主要分布在云南、贵 州、湖南、广西、浙江和福建等地。铁皮石斛为石斛中的极品，位列“中华九大仙草”之首，是 非常珍贵的中药材，具有益胃生津、滋阴清热的神奇功效。
[0003]铁皮石斛喜潮湿、温暖和半阴的环境，耐寒能力较差，常生长在海拔1600米以上岩 石或树上。生长环境的适宜温度一般在15_30 °C范围内，夏季最高温度不超过35 r，冬季最 低温度不低于15 C。由于铁皮石斛生长非常缓慢，生长环境要求苛刻，自然繁殖能力较差， 野生铁皮石斛已成为濒危植物，国家已严令禁止采摘。为了保护铁皮石斛野生资源，同时满 足中药材市场的需求，只有大力发展人工种植法。
[0004]光伏发电即光电转换，就是将太阳辐射直接转化为电能，又称光伏效应。太阳电池 通常是以多个太阳电池通过串、并联组合成具有一定尺寸及发电功率的光伏组件。光伏发 电是将光伏组件进行有效的串联、并联，形成较大的输出功率。光伏组件与控制器、逆变器 和蓄电池组成光伏发电系统，光伏组件吸收太阳光产生直流电，通过控制器和逆变器后，可 以并入国家电网成为生活用电，也可以通过蓄电池储存起来。
[0005]大棚又称暖房，容易实现空气的温度、湿度、光照、土壤肥力等生长环境条件的调 控。目前，现有的大棚大多采用人工进行操作和管理，造成人工成本和管理难度增加，对植 物生长环境条件的调控也不科学、不合理，因而也不带来良好的经济效益。 实用新型内容
[0006] 本实用新型为了解决现有技术的不足，提供一种与太阳能光伏发电系统相结合的 光伏智能大棚，真正实现了智能化种植和发电双赢。
[0007] 本实f新型的技术方案:一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，包括大棚本体，所述 大棚本体顶部采用光伏组件和玻璃，大棚本体底部设有供热系统，大棚本体内设有照明和 补光系统、喷淋系统、视频监控系统、空气环境监测系统、土壤环境监测系统，大棚墙面设有 降温水帘系统、风机和智能控制柜，所述智能控制柜含智能控制器、逆变器、蓄电池，所述控 制柜与供热系统、照明和补光系统、喷淋系统、视频监控系统、空气环境监测系统、土壤环境 监测系统、降温水帘系统连接。
[0008]优选地，所述光伏组件为晶硅太阳电池板或薄膜太阳电池板，玻璃为光伏玻璃或 普通透光玻璃，光伏组件和玻璃按照设定比例组合安装。
[0009]优选地，所述光伏组件通过导线与蓄电池连接，同时通过逆变器与电网连接，蓄电 池或电网为照明和补光系统、喷淋系统、视频监控系统、空气环境监测系统、土壤环境监测 系统，降温水帘系统、风机和智能控制器供电。
[0010]优选地，所述供热系统采用地暖或电加热。
[0011 ]优选地，所述照明和补光系统均采用LED灯。
[0012]优选地，所述喷淋系统包括管道、喷头、栗和水池。
[0013] 优选地，所述视频监控系统采用高清摄像头。
[0014] 采用上述技术方案，太阳光照射通过光伏组件转化为电能储存在蓄电池或输送到 电网中，为大棚各系统供电，智能控制器根据铁皮石斛不同生长周期中的不同生长环境条 件进行监测和控制，达到智能化的目的，实现了智能化种植和发电双赢，具有很大的推广价 值。
附图说明
[0015]图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。
[0016]图中：1、光伏智能大棚;2、光伏组件;3、玻璃;4、供热系统;5、照明和补光系统;6、 喷淋系统;7、视频监控系统;8、空气环境监测系统;9、土壤环境监测系统；1〇、降温水帘系 统;11、风机;12、智能控制柜;13、土壤。
具体实施方式
[0017]参照图1所示，一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，包括大棚本体〖，所述大棚本体 顶部采用光伏组件2和玻璃3,大棚本体底部设有供热系统4,大棚本体内设有照明和补光系 统5、喷淋系统6、视频监控系统7、空气环境监测系统8、土壤环境监测系统9,大棚墙面设有 降温水帘系统10、风机11与智能控制柜12连接，所述智能控制柜12含智能控制器、逆变器、 蓄电池、报警系统、稳压电路等。
[0018]大棚本体1顶部的光伏组件2可以为晶硅太阳电池、非晶硅薄膜太阳电池、染料敏 化太阳电池和有机太阳电池等，大棚本体1顶部玻璃3可以为普通玻璃、中空玻璃、塑料薄膜 及其它透光材料，通过调整光伏组件2和玻璃3之间的间隙来调节大棚的遮光度，根据铁皮 石斛的种植要求，控制遮光度在60 % -80 %范围内。
[0019]光伏组件2发的电通过智能控制柜12内的控制器储存在蓄电池或通过逆变器与电 网连电网或蓄电池为照明和补光系统5、喷淋系统6、视频监控系统7、空气环境监测系统 8、土壤环境监测系统9,大棚墙面设有降温水帘系统10、风机^和智能控制柜12供电。
[0020]大棚本体1底部设有供热系统4主要用于冬季给铁皮石斛供热，在冬季铁皮石斛的 最低生长温度不能低于10。(：，供热系统4通过给大棚本体1供热，可以控制温度在15。(：以上。 供热系统4供热方式可以为地暖加热、电加热等。
[0021]供热系统4与智能控制柜12相连，当空气环境监测系统8测得大棚本体1温度低于 l〇°C时，空气环境监测系统8将信息传输给智能控制柜12,报警系统将发出警报，或供热系 统自动开启。
[0022]照明和补光系统5主要采用LED灯，也可以采用卤化灯、钠化灯等，用于照明和根据 铁皮石斛生长需求调节和补充大棚本体1内的光照强度及光照时间，一般铁皮石斛最佳的 光照时间约为12小时。照明和补光系统5与智能控制柜12连接，在智能控制器上预设铁皮石 斛的光照数据，并进行实时监测和调控。
[0023]喷淋糸统6设在大棚本体1内部，含有若干个喷头，用于补充铁皮石斛在不同生长 期所需的水分和肥力，在遇到病虫害时，也可以采用喷淋系统6进行药物喷淋。为了控制大 棚本体1内的温度在30°C以下，在降温幅度不大于3r的情况下，喷淋系统6喷水降温可以作 为一种不错的选择。喷淋系统6与智能控制柜12相连，智能系统根据各监测系统的实时数据 对喷淋系统6进行调控。
[0024]视频监控系统7采用高清摄像头，对铁皮石斛进行记录和监控，如遇到病虫害状 况，监控系统将自动识别并将图像输送至智能控制柜12,便于及时采取有效措施防治病虫 害。
[0025]空气环境监测系统8设在大棚本体1内，主要对温度、湿度、压强、光照量、露点、c〇2 浓度进行记录和监测，并将数据传输至智能控制柜12的智能控制器，智能控制器再根据实 际情况对大棚本体1各系统进行调控。
[0026] 土壤环境监测系统9主要是对土壤温度、湿度和肥力进行记录和监测，并将数据传 输至智能控制柜12的智能控制器，有利于对土壤情况进行有效的控制和管理。
[0027]降温水帘系统10又称湿帘，主要用于对大棚本体1的降温。风机11可以通风换气， 也可以起到降温效果。在炎热的夏季，降温水帘系统1 〇与风机11结合使用，可以起到良好的 降温效果，有效的将铁皮石斛的温度控制在30°c以内。降温水帘系统10、风机u与智能控制 柜12的智能控制器相连，便于对大棚本体1进行有效的控制和管理。
[0028]伏组件2与智能控制柜I2的智能控制器、蓄电池、逆变器组成一个完整的太阳能光 伏发电系统，光伏组件2将太阳光转化为电能后储存在蓄电池中或输送至电网中，电网或蓄 电池为大棚各个系统供电，能控制柜I2的智能控制器与大棚的各个系统连接，对大棚内的 情况进行实时记录和监控，结合铁皮石斛不同生长周期的环境条件，对供热系统4,照明和 补光系统5、喷淋系统6、降温水帘系统和风机等进行科学合理的控制，形成一个完整的智能 化体系。
Claims (7)
1. 一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，包括大棚本体，所述大棚本体顶部采用光伏组 件和玻璃，大棚本体底部设有供热系统，大棚本体内设有照明和补光系统、喷淋系统、视频 监控系统、空气环境监测系统、土壤环境监测系统，大棚墙面设有降温水帘系统、风机和智 能控制柜，所述智能控制柜含智能控制器、逆变器、蓄电池，所述控制柜与供热系统、照明和 补光系统、喷淋系统、视频监控系统、空气环境监测系统、土壤环境监测系统、降温水帘系统 连接。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，其特征在于:所述光伏组 件为晶硅太阳电池板或薄膜太阳电池板，玻璃为光伏玻璃或普通透光玻璃，光伏组件和玻 璃按照设定比例组合安装。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，其特征在于:所述光 伏组件通过导线与蓄电池连接，同时通过逆变器与电网连接，蓄电池或电网为照明和补光 系统、喷淋系统、视频监控系统、空气环境监测系统、土壤环境监测系统，降温水帘系统、风 机和智能控制器供电。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，其特征在于:所述供热系 统采用地暖或电加热。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，其特征在于:所述照 明和补光系统均采用LED灯。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，其特征在于:所述喷 淋系统包括管道、喷头、栗和水池。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种种植铁皮石斛的光伏智能大棚，其特征在于:所述视 频监控系统采用高清摄像头。
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