CN206280201U - Direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot - Google Patents
Direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot Download PDFInfo
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- CN206280201U CN206280201U CN201621326924.1U CN201621326924U CN206280201U CN 206280201 U CN206280201 U CN 206280201U CN 201621326924 U CN201621326924 U CN 201621326924U CN 206280201 U CN206280201 U CN 206280201U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Abstract
The utility model is related to the direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot.Including collector array, high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot, low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot, screw expansion unit, First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger.The heat energy of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot is suitable for heat to power output；The heat energy of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot both can be further converted into electric energy by organic Rankine bottoming cycle, it is also possible to directly to user's heat supply；Collector array transfers thermal energy to high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot or low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot or for producing vapor according to the power of solar energy irradiation.During generating, device of working medium directly absorbs heat in collector array and expands, and without overheating measure, remains to efficiently carry out heat to power output under 200~300 DEG C of medium temperature condition, and generating efficiency is 10~25%.The utility model improves the stability of system generating and the annual utilization rate of equipment, and independence and flexibility that the system that improves generates electricity with heat supply, system control are simple, substantially efficiently make use of solar energy resources.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to solar energy thermal-power-generating technical field, more particularly to a kind of middle low temperature based on screw expander
Direct expanding solar heating chp system.
Background technology
Direct-expansion type system（DSG）It is a following important channel for reducing cost for solar power generation.In direct-expansion type system,
Vapor direct expansion in collector array, therefore avoid secondary heat exchange fluid（Such as conduction oil）.Collecting part circulating pump
Wasted work can also reduce.Vapor runs highly advantageous in the constant temperature of two-phase section holding and high heat transfer coefficient to heat collector.By
The direct-expansion type solar energy steam for having run more than 6000 hours that European Union subsidizes（DISS）Project may certify that direct-expansion type technology
Feasibility.The 8 megawatt hour Demonstration Stations built by A Benge Sunpower Corp., in order to ensure to be operated in 8.5 MPa and 500
DEG C, its evaporator is made up of 3 parallel loops, and superheater is made up of 2 loops.Power station has been running for 1 year.Period,
The novelty control strategy system of stable operation under transient condition is verified.Technical staff have evaluated difference between heat collector
What is configured interlinks, including globe joint and flexible swivel joint.First commercialized direct-expansion type slot type is warm in the world
Power station began to generate electricity since 2011.Groove type heat collector positioned at the 5 MWe solar energy thermal-power-generatings stations of Thailand north Bi Fu is used
A new generation combines the composite of efficient thin glass lens, can reflect more than 95% solar radiation.Through successful fortune in a few years
OK, the power station demonstrates the high efficiency of direct-expansion type technology.
Current existing direct expanding solar heating power station is all by turbo-expander（Steam turbine）Drive.In order to avoid
There is water droplet in condensation in expansion process, and only superheated steam could enter steam turbine.Because water droplet can hit at high speed once being formed
The blade of steam turbine is hit, mechanical efficiency is caused damage and reduce.In DISS power stations, steamer in direct-expansion type solar energy steam project
The vapor (steam) temperature of machine import is 400 DEG C, and pressure is 10 MPa.The degree of superheat is about 90 DEG C.In the successive projects of the project
In INDITEP projects, steam turbine inlet steam temperature and pressure are respectively 400 DEG C and 6.5 MPa.The degree of superheat is about 119
℃.Steam turbine inlet temperature is substantially increased the need for overheat, but the contribution to steam Rankine cycle efficiency but has very much
Limit.On the other hand, heat source temperature high increased the technical requirements of thermal-arrest and accumulation of heat, be unfavorable for reducing system cost.
Problem above can be solved using screw expander.Screw expander is a kind of positive-displacement expansion engine, and it is with rotation
The principle of the positive displacement that makes the transition, it is to avoid the fluid of high speed.Generally, it is made up of a pair of helical screw and a valve jacket.Fluid
Other grooves of large volume are flowed to from the groove of import small size, a pair of helical screws are oppositely driven.In this process,
The temperature and pressure of fluid declines, and work(is exported by power transmission shaft.Compared with turbo-expander, screw expander can process gas-liquid and mix
Compound, saturated vapor and liquid.It has rapid starting/stopping, it is allowed to thermal source pressure and volume flow wide fluctuations, rotation speed
Degree is low, and structure is simpler, and maintenance cost is low, and assembling is easy, the features such as mobility is excellent.Therefore, using screw expander too
Positive energy heat generating system will not need superheater, in moderate heat source temperature（Such as 250 DEG C）Under can still obtain and the conventional sun
Can the close efficiency in power station（About 15%）.
Accumulation of heat is the importance at solar energy thermal-power-generating station.U.S. SEGS I power stations use mineral oil as heat-transfer fluid,
Can be with accumulation of heat 3 hours.When temperature is below 400 DEG C, the technology successfully can be allocated the electric power for producing, to meet nothing
Public peak load during solar irradiation.But for operating in the more efficient thermal power station at a temperature of heat collecting field higher, ore deposit
Thing oil can be highly combustible, it is impossible to use.In U.S. Solar-Two tower type thermal generation engineerings, fuse salt is used as heat transferring medium.
Because its accumulation of heat principle is simple, so can also be recommended in tank-type thermal power generation station.Band fused salt the biggest in the world recently stores
The solar energy thermal-power-generating station of thermal generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems in State of Arizona, US.But fuse salt as heat storage technology it
Before, its low thermal conductivity and and high-melting-point（This will cause freezing problem）It is the two big obstacles that must pull against.Utility model patent
Application CN201510948417.5 proposes the direct expanding solar heating electricity generation system based on screw expander, and uses phase transformation material
Material（PCM）As heat storage medium.
Water has the advantages that wide material sources and non-environmental-pollution as heat storage medium.But in the sun of the tradition based on steam turbine
In energy heat generating system, heat source temperature is generally greater than 350 DEG C, and water vapor pressure is generally greater than 6.5MPa.If adopting water as medium,
The design temperature and design pressure of so heat storage container are very high, and the requirement to steel is also high.With conduction oil and fused salt hold over system
Compare, the cost of pressure vessel is more expensive.Meanwhile, when accumulation of heat water pot is in heat release state, with the growth of working time, store
The water temperature of hot tank can be reduced, water vapour pressure with reduction, so as to be unfavorable for that steam turbine effectively works.Finally, accumulation of heat water pot is needed
To be engaged with other accumulation of heats or complementary energy system, to ensure that turbine inlet vapor is in superheat state, this can bring very big
Control problem.Therefore, in solar heat power generation system of the tradition based on steam turbine, heat storage medium is not adopted water as typically.
, it is worthwhile to note that for the direct expanding solar heating electricity generation system based on screw expander, water is that have very much using preceding
The heat storage medium of scape.Reason is as follows：1）Screw expander has more excellent off design performance than steam turbine, is suitable for exchanging work
Condition is run.Scholar has done numerous studies to screw expander variable parameter operation.Avadhanula et al. is set up based on experimental data
Two screw expander empirical models, operation pressure ratio from 2.70 change to 6.54 when, isentropic efficiency change is not obvious.Hsu
Et al. ORC performance of the experimental study based on screw expander.Result shows that screw expander can be in large-scale inlet-pressure
Operation in power and operation pressure ratio, and keep efficiency higher.Ng etc. pointed out for a built-in specific volume than the expanding machine for 5,
When operation pressure ratio is increased to 3 times of built-in pressure ratio, the reduction compared to maximum of isentropic efficiency is less than 10%.In consideration of it, working as
When fluctuation occurs in screw expander entrance and exit pressure, heat to power output still can be efficiently carried out.2）Based on screw expander
Direct expanding solar heating electricity generation system operating temperature and operating pressure will be significantly lower than conventional solar heat power generation system.Afterwards
The example in face will indicate that, when heat source temperature is 250 DEG C, system can still obtain 15% or so generating efficiency.Water is at 250 DEG C
When saturation pressure be about 4.0MPa.Under the operating temperature and operating pressure, the manufacturing cost of pressure vessel will significantly drop
It is low.3）Accumulation of heat water pot outlet vapor can lead directly to screw expander, it is not necessary to any superheater, therefore system architecture is more
Simply.
To sum up, water is a kind of heat storage medium for being quite suitable for solar energy screw expander electricity generation system, but accumulation of heat at present
There is not been reported for the direct expanding solar heating power generation solution that water pot is combined with screw expander.
Utility model content
In order to solve tradition based on turbo-expander（Steam turbine）Solar light-heat power-generation system high-temperature heat accumulation and height
Warm heat collection technology difficulty is big, high cost, and traditional solar chp system generate electricity and heat supply independence difference the problems such as,
The utility model provides a kind of direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot.
Direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot includes collector array C1, high-temperature level accumulation of heat
Water pot S1, low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2, screw expansion unit E, First Heat Exchanger HE1 and the second heat exchanger HE2；
The first outlet of the high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is connected to the entrance of screw expansion unit E, high temperature by valve
The second outlet of level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is connected to the import of the second water pump P 2；
The outlet of screw expansion unit E is connected to the first entrance of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2；Low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot
Outlet respectively connected import, the import of the 3rd water pump P 3, the import of the 4th water pump P 4 and the 5th water pump P 5 of the first water pump P 1
Import；
The outlet of the first water pump P 1 is connected to entering for collector array by the first valve V1 for connecting and the 6th valve V6
Mouthful；
The outlet of the second water pump P 2 is connected between the first valve V1 and the 6th valve V6 by the second valve V2；
The outlet of the 3rd water pump P 3 is connected to a side entrance of First Heat Exchanger HE1 by the 3rd valve V3；
The outlet of the 4th water pump P 4 is connected to a side entrance of the second heat exchanger HE2 by the 4th valve V4；
The outlet of the 5th water pump P 5 is connected to the entrance of collector array C1 by the 5th valve V5；
The outlet of collector array C1 respectively connected import and the 9th valve V9 of the 8th valve V8 by three-way pipe
Import；The outlet of the 9th valve, a side outlet of First Heat Exchanger, a side outlet of the second heat exchanger are connected in parallel low-temperature level
The second entrance of accumulation of heat water pot S2；The outlet of the 8th valve V8 is connected to the entrance of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1；
Connect the 7th valve V7 between the outlet and the import of the 6th valve V6 of the 8th valve V8, makes heat collector battle array
A regulation bypass is formed between row and high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1；
Another side entrance of the First Heat Exchanger HE1 and another side outlet are connected to organic rankine cycle system O1；Institute
Another side entrance and another side outlet for stating the second heat exchanger HE2 are connected to heating system G1；
The heat energy of the high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is suitable for being converted to electric energy；The heat energy of the low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2
Both electric energy can be further converted into by organic Rankine bottoming cycle, it is also possible to directly to user's heat supply；Collector array C1 foundations
The power of solar energy irradiation transfers thermal energy to high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 or low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 or for producing water to steam
Gas, realizes the efficient utilization of solar energy；
During generating, device of working medium directly absorbs heat in collector array and expands, without overheating measure, in 200~300 DEG C
Remain to efficiently carry out heat to power output under the conditions of temperature, generating efficiency is 10~25%.
The technical scheme for further limiting is as follows：
The collector array C1, high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1, low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 and screw expansion unit E are constituted
System used by working medium be water vapour.
The screw expansion unit is composed in parallel by the screw expander of more than.
The operating temperature of the high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is 180 DEG C -300 DEG C.
The operating temperature of the low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is 80 DEG C -180 DEG C.
The heat collector is true groove type paraboloid heat collector, composite parabolic heat collector, linear Fresnel heat collector, heat pipe
One kind in blank pipe heat collector, planar vacuum heat collector.
The utility model Advantageous Effects compared with prior art embody in the following areas：
1）The waste heat of condensation of screw expander outlet vapor has itself storage characteristics.
In current prior art, vapor screw expander exports tail gas or is directly discharged in environment, or by heat exchange
Waste heat of condensation is transmitted to other media by device.And the screw expansion tail gas in the utility model do not need any heat catalysis auxiliary
Help, just waste heat of condensation can be discharged and is stored in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2, at the same time ensure screw expander be in compared with
In the operating mode of stabilization.It is similar with high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1, there is very big specific heat capacity in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2, so that
(such as a few hours) vary less in a short time to obtain the gentle hydraulic pressure of tank reclaimed water.Low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 has really with usual heat exchanger
Matter is distinguished.The function of usual heat exchanger is only heat exchange, otherwise the water vapor condensation heat that heat exchanger is obtained directly is passed
To using hot cell, otherwise it is stored in outside vapor Rankine cycle.The function of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is then bright in vapor
Agree circulation internal reservoir energy, these energy finally can also discharge, exchange and give other media, but energy storage and exchange are
Separate, independent physical process.
This technical scheme is conducive to independence and the flexibility of system generating and heat supply.In conventional solution, such as
Fruit needs to carry out heat supply using the waste heat of condensation of vapor Rankine cycle or drives bottom organic Rankine bottoming cycle to generate electricity（As practicality is new
Type patent application US20110209474A1 and CN201510948417.5）, then screw expander must work simultaneously.However,
In real life, the electricity consumption of people and synchronous carrying out is not necessarily with heat demand.In the utility model, due to two
Level accumulation of heat water pot, system can individually be generated electricity using screw expander, it is also possible to utilize the low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot independent heat supplies of S2
Or drive organic Rankine bottoming cycle to generate electricity, or power generation and heat supply is carried out simultaneously.Powered mode can be adjusted flexibly according to user's request.
2) installed capacity of screw expander does not exist strict with the installed capacity of bottom organic Rankine bottoming cycle expanding machine
Matching relationship.Utility application CN201510948417.5 proposes vapor Rankine cycle with organic Rankine bottoming cycle phase
With reference to superposition type electricity generation system.In this application, the instantaneous heat energy needed for the organic Rankine bottoming cycle of bottom steams from top water
The heat energy of gas Rankine cycle release, i.e. heat release of the heating power needed for organic Rankine bottoming cycle exactly equal to vapor Rankine cycle
Power.According to thermodynamic conversion relation, once the design generated output that vapor Rankine follows expanding machine gives, then organic Rankine
The design generated output for circulating expanding machine also will be with determination.And the low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 of present patent application has accumulation of heat energy
Power, the instantaneous heat energy needed for the organic Rankine bottoming cycle of bottom can be not equal to the heat energy of vapor Rankine cycle release.Reality below
Applying example will point out, in given organic Rankine bottoming cycle expanding machine installed capacity, the installation of vapor Rankine cycle screw expander
Capacity can be with difference.
3）With step heat collection function.
Collector array C1 and high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 and low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is organically combined, and will can be obtained too
Positive heat energy is directly used in generating, also can be by thermal energy storage in high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1, moreover it is possible to by thermal energy storage in low-temperature level
In accumulation of heat water pot S2, step thermal-arrest is realized.Existing solar energy cascade heat collection technology scheme generally uses different heat collectors
（Such as CN201610317423.5）Or the different zones of same heat collector（Such as CN03264094.3）Realized, heat collecting field
Temperature Distribution has very big gradient.And the heat collecting field of technical solutions of the utility model can be adjusted according to the irradiation intensity of different periods
Whole its operating temperature（High-temperature region is operated in when being connected with high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1, work when being connected with low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2
Make in low-temperature space）, have essential difference with traditional scheme.
In Chinese many areas, direct projection irradiation intensity is 300W/m2-500W/m2Sunshine-duration generally and 600W/m2With
On sunshine-duration it is suitable.Under the conditions of low solar irradiation, if maintaining collector array C1 to work at high temperature, then thermal-arrest
Efficiency can be very low by even equal to 0.On the other hand, if allowing heat collector C1 to work at a lower temperature, it is expected to efficiently obtain heat energy.
The design work temperature of the utility model low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is possible to the design work temperature than high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1
Spend it is low 100 DEG C, under the conditions of low solar irradiation, can by the heat energy of collector array C1 by valve V5, V9 and pump P5 it is defeated
It is sent in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2, reaches the purpose efficiently using low-intensity solar irradiation.
4）The screw expander of more than two can be connected to low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 by parallel operation mode.
In prior art scheme, utility application CN103195481B and CN102022221B propose multistage spiral shell
Bar expanding machine power generation cascade system, improves system installed capacity.Patent application CN201110234738.0 mentions multi-joint screw rod
The use parallel running mode of expanding machine, but be not directed to specifically export connected mode.Patent application CN203476413U refer to
The attachment structure of multiple parallel evaporators and parallel condensing device and screw expander, but it is provided without many screw expanders.This reality
With the new many screw expander parallel technology schemes based on low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 in existing patent there is not yet class
Like report.
Under current technical conditions, the screw expander single-machine capacity of in the market is generally not more than 3MW.And having been commercialized
In the solar energy thermal-power-generating station of operation, the single-machine capacity of steam turbine is generally greater than 50MWe.Big installed capacity is conducive to shortening electricity
Stand the investment payback time.The low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 that the utility model is used is for screw expander parallel operation is laid a good foundation：
One is that ensure that screw expander back pressure is stablized relatively, without using multiple condensing heat exchangers；Two be will be two or more
The waste heat of condensation of screw expander outlet vapor is collected, and can drive the unit steam turbine power generation of bottom organic Rankine bottoming cycle.
Assuming that using 20 screw expander parallel operations of 3MW, then may only need to a steam turbine of about 60MW, system
The installation cost of unit generated output should be less than and is combined with the steam turbine of an about 3MW using the screw expander of 1 3MW
Situation.Reason is that a cost for 60MW steam turbines will be less than 20 costs of 3MW steam turbines.
5）Water is simultaneously heat collector heat transfer medium, screw expander acting medium and heat storage medium.
With water simultaneously as heat collector, the technical scheme of steam turbine and regenerator media appeared in the newspapers（WO2014014027-
A1, WO2012042639-A1）, but electricity generation system generally requires extra overheat measure to ensure the safe operation of steam turbine.It is real
It is simultaneously heat collector heat transfer, screw expander acting medium with new patent application CN201510948417.5 reclaimed waters, but does not have
Standby heat accumulation function, system is additionally required using phase-change material accumulation of heat.Water is directly in heat collecting field heat absorption, directly by screw expander
Heat to power output and there is not been reported in existing patent by the technical scheme of itself specific heat capacity accumulation of heat.
The utility model does not need intermediate medium（Such as conduction oil）Transmission heat collecting field heat, it is to avoid secondary heat exchange, while water
With it is with low cost, be easily obtained, specific heat capacity is high, do not result in environmental pollution the features such as, be conducive to system thermal-arrest-storage hot-hot
The integrated design of work(conversion.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model structural representation.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the performance analysis chart of the utility model embodiment 3.
Sequence number in upper figure：C1- collector arrays, S1- high-temperature level accumulation of heats water pot, S2- low-temperature level accumulation of heats water pot, E1- screw rods
Expanding machine, E2- screw expanders, HE1- heat exchangers, HE2- heat exchangers, O1- organic rankine cycle systems, G1- heating systems,
The valves of V1- first, the valves of V2- second, the valves of V3- the 3rd, the valves of V4- the 4th, the valves of V5- the 5th, the valves of V6- the 6th, V7-
The valve of seven valves, V8- the 8th, the valves of V9- the 9th, the valves of V10- the tenth, the valves of V11- the 11st, the water pumps of P1- first, P2-
Two water pumps, the water pumps of P3- the 3rd, the water pumps of P4- the 4th, the water pumps of P5- the 5th.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the utility model is further described by embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, the direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot includes collector array C1, height
Warm level accumulation of heat water pot S1, low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2, screw expansion unit E, First Heat Exchanger HE1 and the second heat exchanger HE2；
The first outlet of the high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is connected to the entrance of screw expansion unit E, high temperature by valve
The second outlet of level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is connected to the import of the second water pump P 2；
The outlet of screw expansion unit E is connected to the first entrance of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2；Low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot
Outlet respectively connected import, the import of the 3rd water pump P 3, the import of the 4th water pump P 4 and the 5th water pump P 5 of the first water pump P 1
Import；
The outlet of the first water pump P 1 is connected to entering for collector array by the first valve V1 for connecting and the 6th valve V6
Mouthful；
The outlet of the second water pump P 2 is connected between the first valve V1 and the 6th valve V6 by the second valve V2；
The outlet of the 3rd water pump P 3 is connected to a side entrance of First Heat Exchanger HE1 by the 3rd valve V3；
The outlet of the 4th water pump P 4 is connected to a side entrance of the second heat exchanger HE2 by the 4th valve V4；
The outlet of the 5th water pump P 5 is connected to the entrance of collector array C1 by the 5th valve V5；
The outlet of collector array C1 respectively connected import and the 9th valve V9 of the 8th valve V8 by three-way pipe
Import；The outlet of the 9th valve, a side outlet of First Heat Exchanger, a side outlet of the second heat exchanger are connected in parallel low-temperature level
The second entrance of accumulation of heat water pot S2；The outlet of the 8th valve V8 is connected to the entrance of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1；
Connect the 7th valve V7 between the outlet and the import of the 6th valve V6 of the 8th valve V8, makes heat collector battle array
A regulation bypass is formed between row and high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1；
Another side entrance of the First Heat Exchanger HE1 and another side outlet are connected to organic rankine cycle system O1；Have
Machine Rankine cycle system is including ORC expanding machines, condenser, working medium pump etc..Another side entrance of the second heat exchanger HE2 and another
One side outlet is connected to heating system G1.
Working medium used by the utility model system is water vapour.
Screw expansion unit E is composed in parallel by two screw expanders.
The operating temperature of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is 180 DEG C -300 DEG C.
The operating temperature of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is 80 DEG C -180 DEG C.
The heat collector is groove type paraboloid heat collector.
System of the present utility model has flexible operational mode, because species is more, only list below 10 kinds it is possible
Pattern, during specific implementation, be able to can require to select corresponding pattern according to the use of user：
1）Solar irradiation is very strong, and system needs total power to generate electricity, but does not need external heat supply.In such a mode,
One valve V1, the 3rd valve V3, the 6th valve V6, the 8th valve V8, the tenth valve V10 and the 11st valve V11 are opened, other
Valve closing.First water pump P 1 and the 3rd water pump P 3 are operated, and other water pumps are closed.Overhead vapor Rankine cycle and bottom and the
The organic Rankine bottoming cycle of one heat exchanger HE1 connections all runs.Water is heated evaporation in collector array C1, is stored by high-temperature level
Enter steam screw expansion unit E1/E2, the output work during enthalpy drop after hot-water cylinder S1.Steam screw expansion unit E1/E2
Outlet water vapour is condensed into liquid in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2.Aqueous water pressurization is transported to heat collector by the first water pump P 1
In array C1.At the same time, the 3rd water pump P 3 transfers heat to organic Rankine bottoming cycle working medium by First Heat Exchanger HE1, enters
One step carries out heat to power output.
2）Solar irradiation is very strong, and system needs total power to generate electricity, and externally heat supply.In such a mode, the first valve
Door V1, the 3rd valve V3, the 4th valve V4, the 6th valve V6, the 8th valve V8, the tenth valve V10 and the 11st valve V11 beat
Open, other valve closings.First water pump P 1, the 3rd water pump P 3 and the 4th water pump P 4 are operated, and other water pumps are closed.System is in full work(
While rate generates electricity, heat is supplied to by user by the 4th water pump and the second heat exchanger HE2.
3）Solar irradiation is very strong, and system needs sub-load to generate electricity, but does not need external heat supply.In such a mode,
First valve V1, the 6th valve V6, the 8th valve V8, the tenth valve V10 and the 11st valve V11 are opened, other valve closings.
First water pump P 1 is operated, and other water pumps are closed.Steam screw expansion unit E1/E2 is remaining by outlet vapor condensation while generating electricity
Thermmal storage is in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2.
4）Solar irradiation is very strong, and system needs sub-load to generate electricity, and externally heat supply.In such a mode, first
Valve V1, the 4th valve V4, the 6th valve V6, the 8th valve V8, the tenth valve V10 and the 11st valve V11 are opened, other valves
Door is closed.First water pump P 1 and the 4th water pump P 4 are operated, and other water pumps are closed.Steam screw expansion unit E1/E2 is in generating
Meanwhile, heat is supplied to by user by the 4th water pump P 4 and the second heat exchanger HE2.
5）Solar irradiation is very strong, and system need not generate electricity, but need heat supply.In such a mode, the second valve V2, the 4th
Valve V4, the 6th valve V6 and the 8th valve V8 are opened, other valve closings.Second water pump P 2 and the 4th water pump P 4 are operated, its
Its water pump is closed.The heat storage that collector array C1 is obtained is in high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1.At the same time low-temperature level accumulation of heat
The heat of water pot S2 is supplied to user by the 4th water pump P 4 and the second heat exchanger HE2.
6）Solar irradiation is very strong, and system need not generate electricity, and not need heat supply.In such a mode, the second valve V2,
Six valve V6 and the 8th valve V8 are opened, other valve closings.Second water pump P 2 is operated, and other water pumps are closed.Collector array
The heat storage that C1 is obtained is in high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1.
7）Solar irradiation is weaker, and system need not generate electricity, and not need heat supply.In such a mode, the 5th valve V5,
Nine valve V9 are opened, other valve closings.5th water pump P 5 is operated, and other water pumps are closed.The heat that collector array C1 is obtained
It is stored in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2.
8）Solar irradiation is weaker, but system needs total power to generate electricity, and externally heat supply.In such a mode, the first valve
Door V1, the 3rd valve V3, the 4th valve V4, the 5th valve V5, the 7th valve V7, the 9th valve V9, the tenth valve V10 and the tenth
One valve V11 is opened, other valve closings.First water pump P 1, the 3rd water pump P 3, the 4th water pump P 4 and the 5th water pump P 5 are operated,
Other water pumps are closed.High-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 release heats maintain steam screw expansion unit E1/E2 operations.While heat collector
The heat storage that array C1 is obtained is in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2.The heat of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 passes through the 4th water pump P 4
User is supplied to the second heat exchanger HE2, and organic Rankine is transferred heat to by the 3rd water pump P 3 and First Heat Exchanger HE1
The circulatory system.
9）Without solar irradiation, but system needs total power to generate electricity, and externally heat supply.In such a mode, the first valve
V1, the 3rd valve V3, the 4th valve V4, the 7th valve V7, the tenth valve V10 and the 11st valve V11 are opened, and other valves are closed
Close.First water pump P 1, the 3rd water pump P 3 and the 4th water pump P 4 are operated, and other water pumps are closed.High-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 release heat
Amount maintains steam screw expansion unit E1/E2 operations.On the one hand low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is obtained more than the condensation from vapor
Heat, on the other hand transfers heat to First Heat Exchanger HE1 and the second heat exchanger HE2.
10）Without solar irradiation, system only needs external heat supply.In such a mode, the 4th valve V4 is opened, other valves
Close.4th water pump P 4 is operated, and other water pumps are closed.Low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 discharges heat, is carried by the second heat exchanger HE2
Supply user.
The utility model is further described with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 works in mode 1：System needs total power to generate electricity, but does not need external heat supply.
Referring to Fig. 2, the first outlet of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is connected to entering for screw expander E1 by valve
Mouthful（Only separate unit vapor screw expander work）.
Under this pattern 1, the first valve V1, the 3rd valve V3, the 6th valve V6, the 8th valve V8 and the tenth valve
V10 is opened, other valve closings.First water pump P 1 and the 3rd water pump P 3 are operated, and other water pumps are closed.Overhead vapor Rankine cycle
And the organic Rankine bottoming cycle of bottom and First Heat Exchanger HE1 connections all runs.Water is heated evaporation in collector array C1,
By entering steam screw expansion unit E1, the output work during enthalpy drop after high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1.Steam screw expansion
Unit E1 outlet water vapours are condensed into liquid in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2.Be transported to for aqueous water pressurization by the first water pump P 1
In collector array C1.At the same time, the 3rd water pump P 3 transfers heat to organic Rankine bottoming cycle work by First Heat Exchanger HE1
Matter, further carries out heat to power output.
The working medium of organic rankine cycle system is organic matter R245fa.Table 1 lists each thermodynamic state point parameter of system,
State point is marked in Fig. 2 with the red numerical with circle.Using groove type paraboloid heat collector, irradiation intensity takes 800W/m2,
Under current working, collecting efficiency is about 58%.The isentropic efficiency of vapor screw expander E1 and ORC expanding machine takes 0.75, water pump
0.7 is taken with the organic working medium efficiency of pump.According to Thermodynamics Formulas, the efficiency that can calculate system solar energy thermal-power-generating is 14.9%.
System net electric generation is 1000kW.It is computed, required collector area is 8333m2, wherein screw expander E1 generatings
Power is about 596kW, and ORC expanding machine generated outputs are about 425kW, and water pump P 1 and working medium pump power consumption are about 21kW.Accumulation of heat 2 is small
When, the temperature drop of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is 20 DEG C before and after 2 hours（230 DEG C are down to from 250 DEG C）.High-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1's
Design temperature is 250 DEG C, and design pressure is 4.0MPa.The design temperature of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is 150 DEG C, and design pressure is
0.47MPa.Tank body horizontal positioned, cylinder, a diameter of 3.49 meters.Two ends are normal ellipsoidal head.
Using the most frequently used material Q345R at present as pressure vessel material, weld joint efficiency takes 0.8.According to《GB
713-2008 steels plates for boiler and pressure vessels》Standard, at 250 DEG C, Q345R allowable stresses are with the span of wall thickness：
3-16mm： 167MPa;
>16-36 mm: 157 MPa;
＞ 36-60 mm: 147 MPa;
＞ 60-100 mm:137 MPa;
＞ 100-150 mm:133 MPa;
>150-200 mm: 130 MPa
At 150 DEG C, Q345R allowable stresses are with the span of wall thickness：
3-16mm： 183MPa;
>16-36 mm: 170 MPa;
＞ 36-60 mm: 160 MPa;
＞ 60-100 mm: 150 MPa;
＞ 100-150 mm:147 MPa;
>150-200 mm: 143 MPa
According to pressure vessel national standard（GB 150-1998）, the tank design wall thickness of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is about
59.9 millimeters, tank body gross mass is about 325 tons.The tank design wall thickness of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is about 8.5 millimeters, and tank body is total
Quality is about 58 tons.The gross mass of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 and low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is 383 tons.The city of current Q345R
Field price is 3000-4200 yuan/ton, is averaged 3600 yuan/ton.Therefore, the price of hold over system Q345R materials is about
1378800 yuan.Consider the factors such as container processing, installation, the accumulation of heat cost under unit generated output is about 3.5 yuan/watt.The cost
Less than commercialization slot type power station at present（Band accumulation of heat）The a quarter of unit power cost.
When system net electric generation is higher, high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 can use multiple tank parallel operation mode, low-temperature level
Accumulation of heat water pot S2 can also use multiple tank parallel operation mode.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Biao 1, the exit WATER AS FLOW MEDIUM of high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 is saturation gaseous state, and temperature is 250 DEG C, pressure
Power is 3.976 MPa；WATER AS FLOW MEDIUM is gas-liquid two-phase at the import of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2, and temperature is 134 DEG C, and pressure is
0.304 MPa；The exit WATER AS FLOW MEDIUM of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 is saturation liquid, and temperature is 134 DEG C, and pressure is 0.304
MPa；The exit WATER AS FLOW MEDIUM of the first valve V1 is subcooled liquid, and temperature is 134.58 DEG C, and pressure is 3.976MPa；ORC expands
R245fa is saturation gaseous state at the import of machine, and temperature is 129 DEG C, and pressure is 2.3MPa；ORC expander outlets are overheated gas,
Temperature is 56.892 DEG C, and pressure is 0.178MPa；Working medium pump intake is saturated liquid, and temperature is 30 DEG C, and pressure is 0.178MPa；
Working medium pump discharge is subcooled liquid, and temperature is 31.073 DEG C, and pressure is 2.3MPa.
Embodiment 2
In 2 times work of pattern, i.e., system needs total power to generate electricity to embodiment 2, while needing external heat supply.Referring to Fig. 2, with
Embodiment 1 is compared, and embodiment 2 increased a screw expander E2, and generated output is identical with screw expander E1, is 596kW.
Collector array area is from 8333m2Increase to 13020 m2.ORC expanding machine power is constant.The heating power of heating system G1 is
2000kW。
Under this pattern 2, the first valve V1, the 3rd valve V3, the 4th valve V4, the 6th valve V6, the 8th valve V8,
Tenth valve V10 and the 11st valve V11 is opened, other valve closings.First water pump P 1, the 3rd water pump P 3 and the 4th water pump P 4
Operating, other water pumps are closed.System is carried heat by the 4th water pump and the second heat exchanger HE2 while total power generates electricity
Supply user.
Using groove type paraboloid heat collector, irradiation intensity takes 800W/m2, under current working, collecting efficiency is about 58%,
System net generated output is about 1585kW.The heat released after the water vapor condensation of screw expander E1 and screw expander E2 outlets
It is 5079kW to measure.Organic Rankine bottoming cycle generating power of heat source used is 3560kW.It is low under conditions of heating power is 3000kW
The net heat that warm level accumulation of heat water pot S2 need to be exported externally is：5079-3560-3000 = -1481kW.
Then after 4 hours, the temperature drop of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 water is about 1481*1000*3600*4/ (3.14* to system operation
1.75*1.75*50*1000*4200)=10.5℃。
By embodiment 2 as can be seen that due to the presence of low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2, the installed capacity of screw expansion unit with
The installed capacity of ORC expanding machines does not exist strict matching relationship, and this is different from traditional cascade cycle system.
Embodiment 3
Worked under the mode 7 of embodiment 3, i.e., system need not generate electricity, and not need heat supply.
Under mode 7, the 5th valve V5, the 9th valve V9 are opened, other valve closings.5th water pump P 5 is operated, other
Water pump is closed.The heat storage that collector array C1 is obtained is in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2.
With a kind of installed in the U.S., collector area is 2700 m2Groove type paraboloid heat collector as a example by, the heat collector
Optical efficiency is 0.762, and the first heat loss coefficient is 0.2521W/ (m2K), the second heat loss coefficient is 0.002672W/ (m2K2).When
Operating temperature is respectively 250 DEG C（Correspondence high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1）With 150 DEG C（Low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2）When, heat collector effect
Rate is as shown in Figure 3 with the change of irradiation intensity.
Fig. 3 shows that collecting efficiency when collector array C1 is with low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 associated working is higher than heat collector
Collecting efficiency when array C1 is with high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 associated working.Particularly when direct projection irradiation intensity is less than 300W/m2
When, collecting efficiency when collector array C1 and high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 associated working is almost 0, and collector array C1 with
Collecting efficiency during low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 associated working is still up to more than 40%.
Be can be seen that under low radiation parameter by embodiment 3, by the energy storage of collector array C1 in low-temperature level accumulation of heat water
Tank S2 is remarkably improved the utilization ratio of solar energy.
The announcement and teaching of book according to the above description, the utility model those skilled in the art can also be to above-mentioned reality
The mode of applying carries out appropriate change and modification.Therefore, the utility model is not limited to specific implementation disclosed and described above
Some modifications and changes of the present utility model should also be as falling into scope of the claims of the present utility model by mode.
Although additionally, used some specific terms in this specification, these terms merely for convenience of description, not to this reality
With any limitation of new composition.
Claims (6)
1. there is the direct expanding solar heating chp system of two-stage accumulation of heat water pot, it is characterised in that：Including collector array
（C1）, high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）, low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S2）, screw expansion unit（E）, First Heat Exchanger（HE1）With
Second heat exchanger（HE2）；
The high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）First outlet screw expansion unit is connected to by valve（E）Entrance, high temperature
Level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）Second outlet be connected to the second water pump（P2）Import；
Screw expansion unit（E）Outlet be connected to low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S2）First entrance；Low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot
Outlet respectively connected the first water pump（P1）Import, the 3rd water pump（P3）Import, the 4th water pump（P4）Import and the 5th
Water pump（P5）Import；
First water pump（P1）Outlet by connect the first valve（V1）With the 6th valve（V6）It is connected to collector array
Entrance；
Second water pump（P2）Outlet pass through the second valve（V2）It is connected to the first valve（V1）With the 6th valve（V6）Between；
3rd water pump（P3）Outlet pass through the 3rd valve（V3）It is connected to First Heat Exchanger（HE1）A side entrance；
4th water pump（P4）Outlet pass through the 4th valve（V4）It is connected to the second heat exchanger（HE2）A side entrance；
5th water pump（P5）Outlet pass through the 5th valve（V5）It is connected to collector array（C1）Entrance；
Collector array（C1）Outlet the 8th valve respectively connected by three-way pipe（V8）Import and the 9th valve（V9）
Import；The outlet of the 9th valve, a side outlet of First Heat Exchanger, a side outlet of the second heat exchanger are connected in parallel low temperature
Level accumulation of heat water pot（S2）Second entrance；8th valve（V8）Outlet be connected to high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）Entrance；
8th valve（V8）Outlet and the 6th valve（V6）Import between connect the 7th valve（V7）, make heat collector
Array and high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）Between formed one regulation bypass；
The First Heat Exchanger（HE1）Another side entrance and another side outlet be connected to organic rankine cycle system（O1）；Institute
State the second heat exchanger（HE2）Another side entrance and another side outlet be connected to heating system（G1）；
The high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）Heat energy be suitable for being converted to electric energy；The low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S2）Heat energy
Both electric energy can be further converted into by organic Rankine bottoming cycle, it is also possible to directly to user's heat supply；Collector array（C1）According to
The power irradiated according to solar energy transfers thermal energy to high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S1 or low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot S2 or for producing water
Steam, realizes the efficient utilization of solar energy；
During generating, device of working medium can directly absorb heat in collector array and expand, without overheating measure, in 200~300 DEG C
Remain to efficiently carry out heat to power output under the conditions of temperature, generating efficiency is 10~25%.
2. the direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the collector array, high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）, low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S2）With screw expansion unit constitute be
System working medium used is water vapour.
3. the direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the screw expansion unit is composed in parallel by the screw expander of more than.
4. the direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the high-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S1）Operating temperature be 180 DEG C -300 DEG C.
5. the direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the low-temperature level accumulation of heat water pot（S2）Operating temperature be 80 DEG C -180 DEG C.
6. the direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot according to claim 1, its feature exists
In the heat collector is groove type paraboloid heat collector, composite parabolic heat collector, linear Fresnel heat collector, heat-pipe vacuum-tube
One kind in heat collector, planar vacuum heat collector.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621326924.1U CN206280201U (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | Direct expanding solar heating chp system with two-stage accumulation of heat water pot |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111140297A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-12 | 西安交通大学 | High-energy-density energy storage and release system and energy storage and release method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111140297A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-05-12 | 西安交通大学 | High-energy-density energy storage and release system and energy storage and release method |
| CN111140297B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-11-19 | 西安交通大学 | High-energy-density energy storage and release system and energy storage and release method |
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