CN206178356U - Perpendicular coupling nanometer fiber waveguide double -light -path chip level atomic clock - Google Patents
Perpendicular coupling nanometer fiber waveguide double -light -path chip level atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN206178356U CN206178356U CN201621203761.8U CN201621203761U CN206178356U CN 206178356 U CN206178356 U CN 206178356U CN 201621203761 U CN201621203761 U CN 201621203761U CN 206178356 U CN206178356 U CN 206178356U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a perpendicular coupling nanometer fiber waveguide double -light -path chip level atomic clock, including the laser instrument, the light beam of laser emitting gets into Y waveguide beam splitter through perpendicular I coupling on the coupling grating, wherein a branch of light is exported behind the phase modulation unit, a branch of light output after adjusting the compensation in addition, two way light beam subdividings do not pass through perpendicular coupling grating I and perpendicular II outputs on the coupling grating, pass through inclined to one side vibration -damping sheet in proper order, the decay piece, the wave plate, the collimation, get into the rubidium atom air chamber after the focus, after the outgoing, two bundles of light are through subtracter input integrated circuit chip after the detection unit turns into the signal of telecommunication, integrated circuit chip regulates and control laser instrument and phase modulation unit. This scheme can reduce greatly through the double -light -path common mode rejection that the luminous power fluctuates and the influence of frequency fluctuation noise, effectively improves the SNR of CPT atomic clock to can improve the short -term stability of chip level atomic clock greatly.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to optical field and micro-nano system regions, the specially vertical coupled nanometer based on CPT effects
Fiber waveguide double light path chip-scale atomic clock.
Background technology
Chip atomic clock based on CPT principles is used as a kind of new atomic frequency standard, it is ensured that in mobile communication constellation
Intersatellite relative position measurement and exact time synchronization.Current external major research institutions and company put into energy exploitation one after another
The new construction and new technology of CSAC, to further reducing volume and reducing power consumption.Mesh is can be seen that from external achievement in research
The development performance parameter of preceding chip atomic clock substantially meets certain applications demand, has been developed that commercial chip atomic clock product, and
Greater advance is achieved, but due to noise and the presence of frequency displacement, traditional method is difficult further to improve chip atomic clock
Frequency stability.
Find out from present Research, already close to the limit, technologic improvement is difficult to obtain the performance indications of chip-scale atomic clock
Performance indications are obtained to increase substantially, therefore the chip atomic clock of higher precision of the development based on new solution is particularly important.
Lot of documents shows, using 1mm3The chip-scale atomic clock of volume air chamber, it is limited by the photon Johnson noise limit
The second stability of system is up to 2 × 10-13ι-1/2.But in experimental provision, because the influence of various noises, causes signal amplitude
Very little, is extremely difficult to the photon Johnson noise limit.The principal element of wherein limitation short-term stability is the amplitude of VCSEL lasers
Noise and frequency noise.Laser frequency noise is converted to amplitude noise by atomic resonance signal.Although by by VCSEL laser
Device is locked onto on the transition line of atom, can greatly reduce the influence of light frequency noise bounce, but light frequency fluctuation noise is still
It is very big.Secondly in some VCSEL, the mode competition noise between different polarization pattern can cause larger on the detector
Amplitude noise.All these noises all reduce the short-term frequency stability of chip-scale atomic clock, cause to use 1mm at present3Gas
The chip atomic clock of the room best second stability to be reached is 10-11Magnitude.
The subject matter of long-term stability is frequency drift and linear asymmetric of CPT in limitation chip atomic clock, is caused
The factor of frequency displacement has：The drift of magnetic field, buffer gas, temperature, optical frequency shift, acceleration or radio-frequency power.Therefore need strict
Control these parameters, or find a kind of detection mechanism to reduce frequency sensitivity of the chip atomic clock to these parameters.
The content of the invention
Chip-scale atom is based on CPT effects（Coherent Population Trapping imprisons effect）Work, traditional CPT atomic clocks are using tune
Single beam laser after system by MEMS air chambers, then using detecting circuit realiration clock signal output.Monochromatic light road CPT atomic clocks are in work
When making, due to the presence of common-mode noise, largely limit the raising of frequency stability so that current principle prototype or
Person's commercial product frequency stability is confined to 10-10~10-11Magnitude.
In order to further improve chip-scale atomic clock second stability, the utility model proposes vertical coupled nanometer optical wave
Lead double light path chip-scale atomic clock scheme.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock, including laser, the laser emitting
Light beam is coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter by vertical coupled grating I, wherein light beam by being exported after phase modulation unit, separately
Exported after the outer adjusted compensation of light beam, two-way light beam is defeated respectively through vertical coupled grating II and vertical coupled grating III again
Go out, to sequentially pass through and enter air inlet chamber after polarizer, attenuator, wave plate, collimation, focusing, after outgoing, two-beam is by probe unit
It is converted into after electric signal by subtracter input ic chip, the IC chip is to laser and phase-modulation list
Unit is regulated and controled.
The utility model proposes vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock solution principle Fig. 1 shown in,
Using nano Y-shaped fiber waveguide, the identical two-beam of performance is obtained, atomic clock can be effectively improved by suppression common mode noise steady
Fixed degree is its core place, and uses nano optical wave guide functional unit micro fabrication, to ensure the maximum identical of two-way light.Light
The department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences point employs double light path scheme, and beam of laser is used for the CPT signals of Measurement atom, and another beam of laser is visited as reference light
Survey the transition signal that signal subtraction obtains atom.Compared to the chip-scale atomic clock scheme on monochromatic light road, the program passes through double light path
Common mode inhibition can greatly reduce the influence that luminous power rises and falls with frequency fluctuation noise, effectively improve the signal to noise ratio of CPT atomic clocks,
Such that it is able to greatly improve the short-term stability of chip-scale atomic clock；For being drawn by magnetic field, buffer gas, temperature, optical frequency shift etc.
The frequency displacement for rising, also has certain inhibitory action, so as to improve the medium-term and long-term stability of chip-scale atomic clock.
As shown in Fig. 2 nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock is by VCSEL light source, the vertical coupled grating of nanometer, Y
Type nano optical wave guide, modulation, Polarization Control, MEMS air chambers, photodetection, multifunctional integrated circuit chip composition.Laser goes out
The light beam coupling penetrated enters Y waveguide beam splitter, wherein the coherent light of constant phase difference is produced by phase modulation unit all the way, separately
Outer a branch of regulation via Ohmic electrode compensates consistent with modulation light path with this, and two-way light beam is then defeated by vertical coupled grating
Go out, by polarizer, attenuator, wave plate, by entering rubidium atomic air chamber after collimation and focusing, can be with through the light beam of ovennodulation
Atomic interaction produces CPT effects, and non-modulated light then carries ambient noise signal, and two-beam is converted by probe unit
For ambient noise can be eliminated by subtracter after electric signal, the purpose for improving frequency stability is reached.Electricity is illustrated in figure
Road part, subtracter will eliminate the clock signal input IC chip of common-mode noise, and IC chip is completed to laser
Device and phase modulation unit are regulated and controled.
Double light path chip-scale atomic clock common mode noise rejection mechanism and double light path are as follows to clock signal stabilization degree Influencing Mechanism：
For research contents and the key issue for solving, in theory, the three-lever system with atom is as model, it is considered to atom
The actual optical length of system, using rotating-wave approximation, using Liouville-Bloch equations, draws what descriptive system developed
Density-matrix equations group.Numerical solution more can clearly reflect physics law, and be conducive to making a concrete analysis of practical problem, because
This is necessary to carry out numerical computations to said process.Scrutiny double light path and the interaction of rubidium atom, make a concrete analysis of simultaneously
Influence of each parameter of two-way laser to clock signal, and then the relation of each parameter of laser and CPT clock Signal-to-Noises is quantitatively obtained, it is right
The common mode noise rejection characteristic of double light path chip-scale atomic clock carries out theoretical validation, for guiding experiment.
In real work, monochromatic light road chip atomic clock stability theoretical formula is modified, obtains nano optical wave guide double
The stability model of light path atomic clock, while being analyzed to short-term stability and medium-term and long-term stability.Will for the project indicator
Ask, according to the stability model, provide the performance indications requirement of each Primary Component, the power and frequency of such as double light path module
Fluctuating, the temperature coefficient of atomic air chamber, the stability of C, the temperature stability of temperature control module, the power stability of radiofrequency field,
And the resolution ratio and the stability etc. of control voltage of servo circuit, the design system for improving and instructing each Primary Component
Make, ensure the completion of final atomic clock stability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 represents nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock solution principle figure.
Fig. 2 represents double light path atomic clock theory diagram.
Fig. 3 represents the physical piece of double light path atomic clock（Single air chamber）Schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 represents the physical piece of double light path atomic clock（Double air chambers）Schematic diagram.
In figure：1- supporting constructions, 2- probe units, 3- heating units, 4- field coils, the micro- air chambers of 5-MEMS（Single gas
Room）, 6-BF33 glass, 7- collimation units, 8- focusing units, 9- λ/4 slide, 10- nanometers of vertical coupled grating I, 11- nanometers hangs down
Straight coupling grating II, 12- nanometers of vertical coupled grating III, 13-VCSEL lasers, 14- light action air chambers, 15- phase-modulation lists
Unit, 16-Y waveguide beam splitters, 17- reaction air chambers, 18- reaction medicines, 19- circuit modules, 20- pins.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock（Single air chamber）, as shown in figure 3, including VCSEL
Laser 13, the light beam of the VCSEL lasers 13 outgoing is coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter 16 by vertical coupled grating I 10,
The vertical coupled grating I 10 of nanometer realizes the coupling input to VCSEL collimation isolation laser light sources（Coupling efficiency is better than 80%）, lead to
Overcoupling technique of alignment carries out Dock With Precision Position with nano Y-shaped waveguide；Wherein light beam is by phase modulation unit 15（Modulation electricity
Pole）Exported after producing the coherent light of constant phase difference, light beam adjusts compensation with this and modulation light path one by Ohmic electrode in addition
Exported after cause, for example, it is the sideband of 6.8GHz that 3.4GHz modulation can be carried out to guided wave light beam all the way so as to produce difference on the frequency, separately
Guided wave light beam is finely adjusted the consistent sex differernce to compensate with modulate light path by Ohmic electrode all the way（That is regulation and control obtain polarization-maintaining
Fiber waveguide is exported）；Two-way light beam is exported respectively through vertical coupled grating III 12 and vertical coupled grating II 11 again, is sequentially passed through
Enter the rubidium atom micro- air chambers of MEMS after polarizer, attenuator, λ/4 wave plate 9, collimation unit 8, focusing unit 7（Single air chamber）5,
The rubidium atomic air chamber is located in field coil 4, and it is disposed with BF33 glass 6 up and down, and equipped with heating unit 3.
Vertical coupled grating is used as gradual change grating, and the light that will carry clock signal is defeated by the vertical coupled grating III 12 of nanometer
Enter to the micro- air chambers of MEMS, by the vertical coupled grating II 11 of nanometer be input to the light after Ohmic electrode is compensated by gradual change grating
The micro- air chambers of MEMS, two-beam is reached two as position detection chip simultaneously by air chamber, and probe unit 2 is converted into after electric signal to be input into and subtracts
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass, signal subtraction is the clock signal for eliminating common-mode noise, and input ic chip, IC chip is completed to swashing
Light device and phase modulation unit are regulated and controled.
During specific implementation, according to the physical mechanism of CPT atomic clocks, chip-scale atomic clock mainly includes VCSEL, nanometer Y ripples
Lead, optical mirror slip, the micro- air chambers of MEMS, probe unit, C field coils.From the light beam of Y waveguide coupling output, by polarizer, decay
Enter air chamber in a subtle way after piece and λ/4 wave plate, using MEMS technology realize waveguide, lenticule, micro- air chamber it is integrated.Using special type
Vacuum glue becomes one above-mentioned all parts.Compared with traditional monochromatic light road chip-scale atomic clock, the double light of nano optical wave guide
Road chip atomic clock employs nanometer Y waveguide and has carried out light splitting to the light of VCSEL laser emittings in physical system part, right
Physical piece needs with each light path part to be closely connected it during encapsulating, and reaches reduction volume, the mesh of power consumption
's.When designing it, it is considered to all parts integral layout and annexation of composition, layout designs physics with annexation
System.
Embodiment 2
A kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock（Double air chambers）, it exists with the difference of embodiment 1
In using double air chambers, using rubidium atom is prepared in situ, reaction medicine 18 is loaded in air chamber 17 is reacted, prepare rubidium atomic gas
Enter into light action air chamber 14.Remaining principle reaches two as position detects simultaneously with embodiment 1 by the two-beam of micro- air chamber outgoing
Chip, i.e. probe unit 2 are input into subtracter after being converted into electric signal, and signal subtraction is the clock letter for eliminating common-mode noise
Number, input ic chip, IC chip completes to regulate and control laser and phase modulation unit, subtracter and collection
It is integrated in circuit module 19 into circuit chip, and by the output control signal of pin 20.
It should be noted last that, above example is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model and unrestricted, to the greatest extent
Pipe has been described in detail with reference to the utility model embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, it is new to this practicality
The technical scheme of type is modified or equivalent, without departure from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the utility model, its
In all should covering claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock, including laser, it is characterised in that：The laser
The light beam of device outgoing is coupled into Y waveguide beam splitter by vertical coupled grating I, and wherein light beam is by after phase modulation unit
Output, exports after the adjusted compensation of light beam in addition, and two-way light beam is again respectively through vertical coupled grating II and vertical coupling optical
Grid III are exported, and to be sequentially passed through and enter air inlet chamber after polarizer, attenuator, wave plate, collimation, focusing, and after outgoing, two-beam is by visiting
Survey unit to be converted into after electric signal by subtracter input ic chip, the IC chip is to laser and phase
Modulating unit is regulated and controled.
2. vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Air chamber is rubidium atomic air chamber, and the rubidium atomic air chamber is located in field coil, and it is disposed with BF33 glass up and down, and equipped with heating
Unit.
3. vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
In Y waveguide beam splitter, wherein exported after the coherent light of the modulated electrode generation constant phase difference of light beam, light beam is by Europe in addition
Nurse electrode regulating compensation with this with modulation light path it is consistent after export.
4. vertical coupled nano optical wave guide double light path chip-scale atomic clock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Vertical coupled grating II and vertical coupled grating III are gradual change grating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621203761.8U CN206178356U (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Perpendicular coupling nanometer fiber waveguide double -light -path chip level atomic clock |
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| CN201621203761.8U CN206178356U (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Perpendicular coupling nanometer fiber waveguide double -light -path chip level atomic clock |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106406074A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-02-15 | 中北大学 | Perpendicular coupling nanometer optical waveguide dual-optical-path chip atomic clock |
| CN111261992A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-06-09 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | High anti-interference rubidium atomic clock microwave resonant cavity for physical part |
| CN111458794A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-28 | 吉林大学 | Vertical coupling optical waveguide device and preparation method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-11-08 CN CN201621203761.8U patent/CN206178356U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106406074A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-02-15 | 中北大学 | Perpendicular coupling nanometer optical waveguide dual-optical-path chip atomic clock |
| CN111261992A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-06-09 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | High anti-interference rubidium atomic clock microwave resonant cavity for physical part |
| CN111261992B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-03-04 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Microwave resonant cavity for anti-interference physical part of rubidium atomic clock |
| CN111458794A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-07-28 | 吉林大学 | Vertical coupling optical waveguide device and preparation method thereof |
| CN111458794B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-08-20 | 吉林大学 | Vertical coupling optical waveguide device and preparation method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20170517 Termination date: 20211108 |