CN112834967A - Single-beam mixed light pumping system and background light intensity suppression method thereof - Google Patents
Single-beam mixed light pumping system and background light intensity suppression method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112834967A CN112834967A CN202110019232.1A CN202110019232A CN112834967A CN 112834967 A CN112834967 A CN 112834967A CN 202110019232 A CN202110019232 A CN 202110019232A CN 112834967 A CN112834967 A CN 112834967A
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- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-beam hybrid optical pumping system and a background light intensity suppression method thereof, which can greatly improve the atom density, enhance the signal intensity and increase the atom density so as to improve the sensitivity of a magnetometer, reduce the bias of a detection signal and improve the sensitivity of an atomic magnetometer by the hybrid optical pumping technology through the rapid spin exchange collision among different alkali metal atoms, and have wide application scenes in the biomedical fields of heart, brain, magnetism and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of magnetic field sensors, and particularly relates to a single-beam mixed light pumping system and a background light intensity suppression method thereof.
Background
The spin-free exchange relaxation (SERF) atomic magnetometer is used as a magnetic field detector with the highest sensitivity, has wide application value in the aspects of magnetoencephalography, brain-computer interface, biomedical treatment, geological exploration, basic physical quantity detection and the like, and has become a powerful competitor of a superconducting quantum interferometer (SQUID). Particularly, the SERF magnetometer is made into a chip, so that the size, power consumption, cost and the like of the SERF magnetometer are expected to be reduced, and the SERF magnetometer is widely applied. However, in a single beam SERF atomic magnetometer on a chip, firstly, a large polarizability gradient exists because the SERF state requires a high atomic density; secondly, the sensitivity of the single-beam magnetometer is easily influenced by laser power fluctuation noise, so that the sensitivity of the magnetometer is restricted from being further improved; finally, the alkali metal gas cell is smaller in volume and less in the number of atoms that act effectively, resulting in a decrease in sensitivity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a single-beam mixed light pumping system and a background light intensity suppression method thereof, which utilize the mixed light pumping technology to carry out difference on light intensity before and after passing through a gas chamber, greatly reduce the influence of light intensity noise and environmental noise in a mixed light pumping atomic magnetometer, increase the density of detected atoms, further improve the signal intensity and ensure uniform atomic polarization rate.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a single-beam hybrid optical pumping system comprises a pumping laser, a beam sampler, a lambda/2 wave plate, a polarizer, an optical fiber coupler, a first holophote, a coil, a first photoelectric detector, a hybrid optical pumping atomic gas chamber, a second photoelectric detector, an optical filter, a heat-preservation and heat-insulation cavity, a second holophote, a lambda/wave plate, a first lens, a second lens, a first resistor, a second resistor, a heating laser, a transimpedance amplifier and a phase-locked amplifier;
the pump laser, the lambda/2 wave plate, the light beam sampler and the polarizer share an optical axis;
one side of the heat-preservation and heat-insulation cavity is a glass sheet, the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber is positioned in the heat-preservation and heat-insulation cavity, and a first total reflector and a second total reflector are respectively arranged on two sides of the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber; the coil is wound outside the closed cavity and provides a direct current magnetic field and an alternating current magnetic field for the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber, the direct current magnetic field is used for compensating a residual magnetic field sensed by alkali metal atoms, and the alternating current magnetic field is used for modulating the electron spin precession direction of the alkali metal atoms; two alkali metal atoms A and B are filled in the mixed optical pumping atomic gas chamber; the lambda/2 wave plate, the first lens, the second lens and the first photoelectric detector are all positioned on one side of the heat-preservation and heat-insulation cavity with the glass plate;
the first photoelectric detector, the second photoelectric detector, the first resistor, the second resistor, the trans-impedance amplifier and the phase-locked amplifier form a differential circuit; one end of the first photoelectric detector, one end of the second photoelectric detector and one end of the transimpedance amplifier are electrically connected, the other end of the first photoelectric detector is grounded through the second resistor, the other end of the second photoelectric detector is grounded through the first resistor, and the other end of the transimpedance amplifier is electrically connected with the phase-locked amplifier;
the heating laser emits heating laser, and the heating laser enters the mixed pumping atomic gas chamber by parallel light after sequentially passing through the optical fiber and the lens II;
after pumping laser emitted by the pumping laser is subjected to light splitting through the light beam sampler, one path of the pumping laser enters the optical filter and then enters the second photoelectric detector; the other path of light enters the lens I through the optical fiber after passing through the polarizer and the optical fiber coupler in sequence to become parallel light, enters the closed chamber through the lambda/wave plate, and enters the photoelectric detector I after passing through the first holophote, the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber and the second holophote in sequence and being subjected to secondary turning back; the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector convert optical signals into electric signals after receiving the optical signals, current respectively flows through the first resistor and the second resistor, when the two paths of light currents are different in size, a part of current enters the transimpedance amplifier to be amplified into voltage signals, and weak signals of the modulated weak light signals are extracted through the phase-locked amplifier.
Furthermore, the upper surface and the lower surface of the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber are made of silicon materials and are used for absorbing the light intensity of laser emitted by the heating laser and finally converting the light intensity into heat.
Further, the density ratio of the alkali metal atoms B and A filled in the mixed optical pumping atomic gas chamber is 0.01-0.1.
Further, the filter is a neutral density filter.
Further, the polarizer is a Glan Taylor prism.
A background light intensity suppressing method for a single-beam hybrid optical pumping system based on any of the above, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: adjusting the pump laser to enable the wavelength of the pumping laser emitted by the pump laser to be the absorption wavelength of the alkali metal atom B, and adjusting the power of the heating laser emitted by the heating laser to enable the optical depth of the atom absorption pumping light in the mixed light pumping atom air chamber to be 1-3, namely adjusting the required working temperature;
s2: placing the hybrid optical pumping system in a magnetic shielding environment, and controlling direct current and alternating current of a coil through a function generator to enable a magnetic field generated by the direct current to offset a residual magnetic field of an external environment, wherein the magnetic field sensed by the spin of alkali metal atomic electrons is 0;
s3: adjusting the pumping laser power of the pumping laser to enable the electron spin polarizability of the alkali metals A and B to reach 50%, under the condition, blocking light entering the second photoelectric detector, measuring the photocurrent transmitted by the first photoelectric detector, and at the moment, obtaining the photocurrent detected as system bias;
s4: and opening the light entering the second photoelectric detector, and selecting a proper attenuation coefficient of the filter plate to enable the total current entering the transimpedance amplifier to be 0, namely eliminating the bias of the detection system and simultaneously inhibiting the common-mode power noise of the pumping light system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention improves the atom polarizability uniformity by using the mixed light pumping technology, improves the atom density, simultaneously eliminates the power fluctuation noise of the pumping light by using the differential system, reduces the influence of the light intensity fluctuation on the magnetic field measurement, and provides a foundation for reducing the magnetic field measurement noise and improving the sensitivity of the miniaturized atomic magnetometer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental setup based on one of the embodiments of a single beam hybrid optical pumping system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hybrid pumped atomic gas cell and the charged atomic density ratio.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-beam differential.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, and the objects and effects of the present invention will become more apparent, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the single-beam-based hybrid optical pumping system of the present invention includes a pumping laser 1, a beam sampler 2, a λ/2 wave plate 3, a polarizer 4, an optical fiber coupler 5, a first holophote 6, a coil 7, a first photodetector 8, a hybrid optical pumping atomic gas chamber 9, a second photodetector 10, a filter 11, a thermal insulation cavity 12, a second holophote 13, a λ/4 wave plate 14, a first lens 15, a second lens 16, a first resistor 17, a second resistor 18, a heating laser 19, a transimpedance amplifier 20, and a lock-in amplifier 21.
The pumping laser 1, the lambda/2 wave plate 3, the light beam sampler 2 and the polarizer 4 share an optical axis, and the second photoelectric detector 10 and the optical filter 11 are arranged on an optical path which is vertical to the optical axis.
One side of the heat preservation and insulation cavity 12 is a glass sheet, the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber 9 is positioned in the heat preservation and insulation cavity 12, and a first total reflector 6 and a second total reflector 13 are respectively arranged on two sides of the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber 9; the coil 7 is wound outside the closed cavity and provides a direct current magnetic field and an alternating current magnetic field for the mixed light pumping atom air chamber 9, the direct current magnetic field is used for compensating a residual magnetic field sensed by alkali metal atoms, and the alternating current magnetic field is used for modulating the electron spin precession direction of the alkali metal atoms; two alkali metal atoms A and B are filled in the mixed optical pumping atom gas chamber 9, wherein the ratio of the density of the B atoms to the density of the A atoms is about 0.01-0.1; the lambda/4 wave plate 14, the first lens 15, the second lens 16 and the first photodetector 8 are all positioned on one side of the heat-insulating cavity 12 with the glass sheet.
One end of the first photoelectric detector 8, one end of the second photoelectric detector 10 and one end of the transimpedance amplifier 20 are electrically connected, the other end of the first photoelectric detector 8 is grounded through the second resistor 18, the other end of the second photoelectric detector 10 is grounded through the first resistor 17, and the other end of the transimpedance amplifier 20 is electrically connected with the phase-locked amplifier 21.
When mixed optical pumping based on optical intensity differential detection is performed, two alkali metals A and B are filled in a mixed optical pumping atomic gas chamber 9, wherein the atomic number density of B is less than that of A, and the ratio of the density of B to the density of A is 0.01-0.1. The temperature of the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber 9 in the heat preservation and insulation cavity 12 is adjusted, and when the optical depth of the atomic absorption pumping light is 1-3, the required working temperature is adjusted. The wavelength of the pumping laser emitted by the pumping laser 1 is tuned to the resonance absorption peak of the alkali metal atom B with lower density, and then the light beam sampling and beam splitting are carried out through the lambda/2 wave plate 3 and the light beam sampler 2 in sequence. One of the light beams passes through the neutral density filter 11 to attenuate the light intensity and then reaches the second photoelectric detector 10. Another beam of light is changed into linearly polarized light through a Glan Taylor prism 4, then enters an optical fiber through an optical fiber coupler 5, is changed into expanded parallel light through a lens I15 after being output from the optical fiber, is changed into circularly polarized light through a lambda/4 wave plate 14, is turned back for 2 times through a first total reflector 6, a mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber 9 and a second total reflector 13, optical signals received by a first photoelectric detector 8 and a second photoelectric detector 10 are converted into photocurrent signals, and noise signal difference and target signal extraction are performed through a difference circuit shown in figure 3, wherein a transimpedance amplifier 20 is used for amplifying weak current signals and converting the current signals into voltage signals, and a phase-locked amplifier 21 is used for weak signal extraction. The first resistor 17 and the second resistor 18 are installed in the differential circuit and have the same resistance.
The heating laser emitted by the heating laser 19 passes through the optical fiber, then the laser emitted by the optical fiber is collimated by the second lens 16, and then the light intensity is guided into the mixed pumping atom gas chamber 9. The upper and lower surfaces of the mixed pumping atomic gas chamber 9 are made of silicon material, so that the light intensity of the heating laser 19 is received and finally converted into heat.
The heat preservation and insulation cavity 12 is used for preventing heat dissipation, the glass sheet on one side of the heat preservation and insulation cavity 12 is used for preventing heat dissipation while transmitting light, the coil 7 is fixed on the heat preservation and insulation cavity 12 and used for generating a direct current magnetic field and an alternating current magnetic field, the direct current magnetic field is used for compensating a residual magnetic field sensed by alkali metal atoms, and the alternating current magnetic field is used for modulating the electron spin precession direction of the alkali metal atoms.
The pumping laser 1 pumps the alkali metal atom B with low density, then through the atom A with high spin exchange collision polarization density, the two alkali metal atoms are strongly coupled together through the interaction of spin exchange collision, the density of the alkali metal atoms can be greatly improved, the intensity of a detection signal is enhanced, the optical depth of the B atom is small, and therefore the polarization rates of the A atom and the B atom are uniform. The operation can effectively solve the problems of optimal polarizability and uniform uniformity, and can further improve the sensitivity performance of magnetic field measurement.
The first photodetector 8 and the second photodetector 10 convert the optical signals into electrical signals after receiving the optical signals, the currents respectively flow through the resistors 18 and 17, if the photocurrents are different in magnitude, a part of the currents enter the transimpedance amplifier 20 and are amplified into voltage signals, and weak signal extraction is performed on the modulated weak optical signals through the phase-locked amplifier 21.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
suppose that the mixed optical pumping gas chamber contains two alkali metal atoms A and B, wherein the density of A is nAThe density of B is nBAt temperature T, the ratio of the density of B to the density of A is f, B is assumed to be alkali metal atoms with smaller density, A and B can be approximately seen as one type of atoms under the condition of fast spin exchange optical pumping, and compared with a SERF magnetometer of single alkali metal atom, the pumping light intensity I in a mixed optical pumping magnetometer isH-Laser≈IS-LaserF, wherein IS-LaserThe optical intensity of the pump laser required for a single alkali metal, assuming that the OD (optical depth) of alkali metal B is 2, the OD of a is about 2/f.
Assuming that the pumping light intensity on the pumping path is IH-Laser(z), then the pumping intensity varies with distance:
d IH-Laser(z)/d z＝-nBσ(υ)[1-P(z))]IH-Laser(z)
where σ (v) is the scattering cross-sectional area for photon and atom interaction, and p (z) is the spin polarization of the alkali metal B, the polarization and position are also related due to the optical intensity gradient in the pump optical intensity path. In the magnetometer described in the invention, the mixed light pumping technology is used, the optical depth of B is controlled to be small, the polarizability on a pumping light channel can be kept basically uniform, and the transmission light intensity I is obtained by solving a formulaH-Laser-out＝IH-Laser Exp{-nBσ(υ)[1-P(z))]L, wherein L is the length of the alkali metal gas cell.
Assuming an input magnetic field of BxThen, in a single beam SERF magnetometer, using the method of modem, the equivalent z-direction electron spin polarizability change is about, under the approximation of a small magnetic field: δ P ═ γe Bx/Rtot PzK, wherein γeIs the spin-to-spin ratio of electrons, RtotIs the total relaxation rate, P, of the alkali metal BzThe polarizability of the alkali metal B is generally 50%, and K is a change value of a system scale coefficient after modulation and demodulation, and generally becomes small and is mainly related to modulation parameters.
If there is an input magnetic field, the output light intensity becomes:
I* H-Laser-out＝IH-Laser Exp[-nBσ(υ)(1-0.5-δP)L]I
compared with the case without magnetic field input, the output light intensity changes as follows:
δIH-Laser-out＝IH-Laser nBσ(υ)δP L Exp[-nBσ(υ)0.5L]
according to the formula, in the mixed light pumping, due to the fact that atom density is improved, pumping light intensity is increased, and output signals are enhanced. If the light intensity is increased, the light intensity noise is also increased, so that the light intensity noise can be effectively reduced by the light intensity difference method, and finally the system sensitivity is improved.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the form and details of the embodiments may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. All modifications, equivalents and the like which come within the spirit and principle of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A single-beam hybrid optical pumping system is characterized by comprising a pumping laser (1), a beam sampler (2), a lambda/2 wave plate (3), a polarizer (4), an optical fiber coupler (5), a first total reflector (6), a coil (7), a first photoelectric detector (8), a hybrid optical pumping atom air chamber (9), a second photoelectric detector (10), an optical filter (11), a heat preservation and insulation cavity (12), a second total reflector (13), a lambda/4 wave plate (14), a first lens (15), a second lens (16), a first resistor (17), a second resistor (18), a heating laser (19), a trans-impedance amplifier (20) and a phase-locked amplifier (21);
the pump laser (1), the lambda/2 wave plate (3), the light beam sampler (2) and the polarizer (4) share an optical axis;
one side of the heat-preservation and heat-insulation cavity (12) is a glass sheet, the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber (9) is positioned in the heat-preservation and heat-insulation cavity (12), and a first total reflector (6) and a second total reflector (13) are respectively arranged on two sides of the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber (9); the coil (7) is wound outside the closed cavity and provides a direct current magnetic field and an alternating current magnetic field for the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber (9), the direct current magnetic field is used for compensating a residual magnetic field sensed by alkali metal atoms, and the alternating current magnetic field is used for modulating the electron spin precession direction of the alkali metal atoms; two alkali metal atoms A and B are filled in the mixed light pumping atomic gas chamber (9); the lambda/4 wave plate (14), the first lens (15), the second lens (16) and the first photoelectric detector (8) are all positioned on one side of the heat-preservation and heat-insulation cavity (12) with the glass sheet;
the differential circuit is formed by the first photoelectric detector (8), the second photoelectric detector (10), the first resistor (17), the second resistor (18), the transimpedance amplifier (20) and the phase-locked amplifier (21); one ends of the first photoelectric detector (8), the second photoelectric detector (10) and the transimpedance amplifier (20) are electrically connected, the other end of the first photoelectric detector (8) is grounded through a second resistor (18), the other end of the second photoelectric detector (10) is grounded through a first resistor (17), and the other end of the transimpedance amplifier (20) is electrically connected with a phase-locked amplifier (21);
and the heating laser (19) emits heating laser, and the heating laser enters the mixed pumping atomic gas chamber (9) by parallel light after sequentially passing through the optical fiber and the lens II (16).
After pumping laser emitted by the pumping laser (1) is split by the light beam sampler (2), one path of pumping laser enters the optical filter (11) and then enters the second photoelectric detector (10); the other path of light passes through the polarizer (4) and the optical fiber coupler (5) in sequence, enters the lens I (15) through the optical fiber to become parallel light, enters the closed chamber through the lambda/4 wave plate (14), passes through the first holophote (6), the mixed light pumping atom air chamber (9) and the second holophote (13) in sequence, and enters the first photoelectric detector (8) after being turned back for the second time; the first photoelectric detector (8) and the second photoelectric detector (10) convert optical signals into electric signals after receiving the optical signals, current respectively flows through the first resistor (17) and the second resistor (18), when the two paths of light currents are different in size, a part of current enters the trans-impedance amplifier (20) to be amplified into voltage signals, and weak signals of the modulated weak optical signals are extracted through the phase-locked amplifier (21).
2. The single beam hybrid optical pumping system of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the hybrid optical pumping atomic gas cell (9) are made of silicon material for absorbing the intensity of the laser light emitted from the heating laser and for converting it into heat.
3. The single beam hybrid optical pumping system of claim 1, wherein the mixed optical pumping atom gas cell (9) is filled with alkali metal atoms B and a at a density ratio of 0.01 to 0.1.
4. Single beam hybrid optical pumping system according to claim 1, wherein the filter (11) is a neutral density filter.
5. Single beam hybrid optical pumping system according to claim 1, characterized in that the polarizer (4) is a glan taylor prism (4).
6. A method of background light intensity suppression for a single beam hybrid optical pumping system according to any of the preceding claims, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: adjusting the pumping laser (1) to enable the wavelength of the pumping laser emitted by the pumping laser to be the absorption wavelength of the alkali metal atom B, and adjusting the power of the heating laser emitted by the heating laser (19) to enable the optical depth of the atom absorption pumping light in the mixed light pumping atom gas chamber (9) to be 1-3, namely adjusting the required working temperature;
s2: placing the hybrid optical pumping system in a magnetic shielding environment, and controlling direct current and alternating current of a coil (7) through a function generator to enable a magnetic field generated by the direct current to offset a residual magnetic field of an external environment, wherein the magnetic field sensed by the spin of the alkali metal atomic electrons is 0;
s3: adjusting the pumping laser power of the pumping laser (1) to enable the electron spin polarizability of the alkali metals A and B to reach 50%, under the condition, shielding light entering a second photoelectric detector (10), measuring photocurrent transmitted by the first photoelectric detector (8), and at the moment, obtaining the detected photocurrent which is system bias;
s4: and turning on light entering the second photodetector (10), and selecting a proper attenuation coefficient of the filter (11) to enable the total current entering the transimpedance amplifier (20) to be 0, namely eliminating the bias of the detection system and simultaneously inhibiting the common-mode power noise of the pumping light system.
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