CN113835050B - SERF-based atomic magnetometer detection of fifth force V12+13Method and apparatus - Google Patents

SERF-based atomic magnetometer detection of fifth force V12+13Method and apparatus Download PDF

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CN113835050B
CN113835050B CN202111429413.8A CN202111429413A CN113835050B CN 113835050 B CN113835050 B CN 113835050B CN 202111429413 A CN202111429413 A CN 202111429413A CN 113835050 B CN113835050 B CN 113835050B
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magnetic field
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spin
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CN113835050A (en
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周明媞
刘颖
韩邦成
钟志鹏
翟跃阳
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Zhejiang Lab
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    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for detecting a fifth force based on a SERF atomic magnetometer
Figure 100004_DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The method and the device comprise ferrite fixedly arranged on an optical platform, an atomic magnetometer module is fixedly connected in the ferrite, a laser is fixedly arranged in the atomic magnetometer module, a collimating lens, a linear polarizer, a circular polarizer, a reflecting prism, an atomic pool mechanical support and a photoelectric tube are fixedly arranged on a laser path emitted by the laser in sequence, an Rb atomic pool is fixed in the atomic pool mechanical support, and polarized electrons in the Rb atoms in the atomic pool are used for spin-dependent electron spin
Figure 905956DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The fifth force is sensitive, so that the SERF type atomic magnetometer can be used as a quantum precision measurement sensor to measure an equivalent magnetic field generated by the fifth force and can also be used as a spin source for providing high-density polarized electrons, and the complexity of the experiment is simplified.

Description

SERF-based atomic magnetometer detection of fifth force V12+13Method and apparatus
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of experimental methods and devices for testing a fifth force, in particular to a method for testing the fifth force
Figure 438107DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The method and the device based on the SERF atomic magnetic field measurement.
Background
The SERF-based atomic spin ultrahigh-sensitivity extremely weak magnetic measurement device is a quantum precision measurement sensor based on quantum effect, and the theoretical sensitivity of the magnetic field can reach the highest
Figure 322624DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Magnitude, the sensitivity of the measured magnetic field reaches the level
Figure 23732DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Magnitude. Polarized electrons in alkali metal atoms are sensitive to the fifth force related to electron spin, and polarized neutrons in inert gas are sensitive to the fifth force related to neutron spin, so that the SERF type atomic magnetometer can be used as a quantum precision measurement sensor to measure a magnetic field, can also be used as a spin source for providing high-density polarized neutrons and polarized electrons, and simplifies the complexity of experiments.
Therefore, the SERF-based atomic spin ultrahigh-sensitivity extremely-weak magnetic measurement device has unique advantages in the aspect of researching new physics beyond a standard model, and the ultrahigh-precision physical quantity measurement can help physicists to discover new phenomena, search new mechanisms and support the research and discovery of Nobel prize proposition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the fifth force
Figure 91046DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The method and the device based on the SERF atomic magnetic field are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a method for testing the fifth force
Figure 436576DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measurement method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a pumping light path and a miniaturized Rb atom magnetometer in the same direction as the detection light path, so that the Rb atom is in an SERF state;
s2: a BGO crystal is placed near a miniaturized Rb atomic magnetometer, the BGO crystal is controlled by a stepping motor to move at a uniform speed along the direction of a pumping light path, the internal spin of the BGO crystal and the internal spin of electrons in the Rb atomic pool generate relative motion, wherein the internal spin of the electrons in the Rb atomic pool and the internal spin of the BGO crystal exist
Figure 914831DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The form fifth force is expressed as:
Figure 853968DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein,
Figure 239819DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
in order to be the interaction strength factor,
Figure 846381DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is the spin quantum number of the polarized particles,
Figure 636482DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the distance between the nuclear spin of the BGO crystal and the electron spin in the Rb cell,
Figure 312183DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
in order to realize the free path of the interaction,
Figure 986878DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is the relative motion speed of the BGO crystal and the atom pool,
Figure 369318DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the Planck constant;
this interaction results in a shift of the polarized electron energy level in the alkali metal Rb atom to:
Figure 330321DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
wherein,
Figure 493318DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is the gyromagnetic ratio of the Rb atom,
Figure 706124DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the equivalent magnetic field generated by the fifth force;
s3: detecting a magnetic field signal with a miniaturized Rb atomic magnetometer;
S4: weak magnetic field signal is extracted from background noise by using signal processing and selecting method, and probability statistics is carried out to obtain
Figure 270967DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Equivalent magnetic field generated by fifth force
Figure 278237DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Coefficient of strength of interaction of the equivalent magnetic field to the fifth force
Figure 803896DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Free path following interaction
Figure 538503DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Gives a limited range of experimental measurement accuracy, and thus verifies the fifth force.
Preferably, in step S2, the relative motion between the electron spin in the Rb atomic pool and the core spin of the BGO crystal is a uniform motion, the relative motion direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the electron spin in the Rb atomic pool, and the interaction force between the electron spin in the Rb atomic pool and the core spin of the BGO crystal exponentially decays with distance.
The invention also discloses a SERF-based atomic magnetic field measuring device for detecting the fifth force, which comprises a ferrite fixedly arranged on an optical platform, wherein an atomic magnetometer module is fixedly connected in the ferrite, a laser is fixedly arranged in the atomic magnetometer module, a collimating lens, a linear polarizer, a circular polarizer, a reflecting prism, an atomic cell mechanical supporting piece and a phototube are sequentially and fixedly arranged on a laser path emitted by the laser, an Rb atomic cell is fixedly arranged in the atomic cell mechanical supporting piece, a fine adjusting magnetic field coil is fixedly arranged in the atomic magnetometer module, the outer layer of the fine adjusting magnetic field coil is fixedly provided with the magnetic field coil, and a BGO crystal which can move along the optical path direction passing through the Rb atomic cell is arranged on the upper side of the atomic magnetometer module.
Preferably, the last fixedly connected with step motor of optical platform, step motor control is equipped with the glass fiber stick, the last fixed sleeve pipe that is equipped with of glass fiber stick, the cover is equipped with threaded connection's plastics guide rail on the sleeve pipe, the plastics guide rail is kept away from step motor end is through plastics sample platform fixed connection the BGO crystal, the plastics guide rail runs through the ferrite just can be in the ferrite horizontal slip.
Preferably, the atomic magnetometer module is fixedly connected in the ferrite through a plastic support, and is connected with an external optical instrument through a power supply and signal transmission cable.
Preferably, the periphery of the stepping motor is provided with a first magnetic shield, the periphery of the ferrite is provided with a second magnetic shield, and the atomic magnetometer module is internally provided with a third magnetic shield surrounding all internal components.
Preferably, the BGO crystal is a non-polarized crystal, background magnetic field noise is not introduced into the material, and the plastic guide rail, the glass fiber rod, the sleeve and the plastic sample stage are not introduced into the background magnetic field noise.
Preferably, the laser adopts a 795nm laser and a detuned laser, and an antireflection film is plated on a window sheet of the Rb atom pool to enhance the light transmittance.
Preferably, the distance between the Rb atom pool and the BGO crystal is less than 1 cm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the magnetic field measurement sensitivity of the SERF-based atomic spin atomic magnetometer device is high, and the magnetic field measurement device has unique advantages in the aspect of researching new physics beyond a standard model.
(2) Spin-dependent of polarized electrons in Rb atoms in an atomic pool used in the present invention
Figure 708584DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The fifth force is sensitive, so that the SERF type atomic magnetometer can be used as a quantum precision measurement sensor to measure an equivalent magnetic field generated by the fifth force and can also be used as a spin source for providing high-density polarized electrons, and the complexity of the experiment is simplified.
(3) The BGO crystal used in the invention is a non-polarized crystal, and the accessory parts of the BGO crystal are of plastic structures, so background magnetic field noise is not introduced.
(4) The miniaturized SERF atomic magnetometer designed by the invention has a compact structure, shortens the distance between an atomic pool and a BGO crystal in the atomic magnetometer, and greatly increases the interaction size of electron spin and nuclear spin.
The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an atomic magnetometer module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a stepping motor-1, a first magnetic shield-2, a second magnetic shield-3, ferrite-4, a plastic guide rail-5, a glass fiber rod-6, a sleeve-7, a plastic sample stage-8, a BGO crystal-9, an Rb atomic cell-10, an atomic magnetometer module-11, a plastic support-12, a power supply and signal transmission cable-13, a laser-14, a collimating lens-15, a linear polarizer-16, a circular polarizer-17, a reflecting prism-18, an atomic cell mechanical support-19, a light transmission light path-20, a photoelectric tube-21, a third magnetic shield-22, a fine adjustment magnetic field coil-23, a magnetic field coil-24 and a horizontal moving mechanism-30.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is only intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing the fifth force
Figure 11390DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measurement method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a pumping light path and a miniaturized Rb atom magnetometer in the same direction as the detection light path, so that the Rb atom is in an SERF state;
s2: placing a BGO crystal near the miniaturized Rb atomic magnetometer, controlling the BGO crystal to move at a constant speed along the direction of a pumping light path by using a stepping motor, and enabling the core spin of the BGO crystal and the electron spin in the Rb atomic pool to move relatively;
s3: detecting a magnetic field signal with a miniaturized Rb atomic magnetometer;
s4: weak magnetic field signal is extracted from background noise by using signal processing and selecting method, and probability statistics is carried out to obtain
Figure 883400DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Equivalent magnetic field generated by fifth force
Figure 438009DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Coefficient of strength of interaction of the equivalent magnetic field to the fifth force
Figure 321651DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Free path following interaction
Figure 185571DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Gives a limited range of experimental measurement accuracy, and thus verifies the fifth force.
In the step S2, the electron spin in the Rb atomic pool and the BGO crystal kernel spin exist
Figure 295609DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The form fifth force is expressed as:
Figure 247385DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
wherein,
Figure 375747DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
in order to be the interaction strength factor,
Figure 20355DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is the spin quantum number of the polarized particles,
Figure 617689DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is the distance between the nuclear spin of the BGO crystal and the electron spin in the Rb cell,
Figure 763369DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
In order to realize the free path of the interaction,
Figure 356024DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
is the relative motion speed of the BGO crystal and the atom pool,
Figure 46899DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the Planck constant;
this interaction results in a shift of the polarized electron energy level in the alkali metal Rb atom to:
Figure 990585DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
wherein,
Figure 963392DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is the gyromagnetic ratio of the Rb atom,
Figure 817079DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is the equivalent magnetic field generated by the fifth force;
in step S2, the relative motion between the spin of the electron in the Rb atomic pool and the spin of the core of the BGO crystal is a uniform motion, the relative motion direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the spin of the electron in the Rb atomic pool, and the interaction force between the spin of the electron in the Rb atomic pool and the spin of the core of the BGO crystal exponentially decays with the distance.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a SERF-based atomic magnetic field measurement device for checking a fifth force, comprising a ferrite 4 fixedly disposed on an optical bench, an atomic magnetometer module 11 is fixedly connected in the ferrite 4, a laser 14 is fixedly arranged in the atomic magnetometer module 11, a collimating lens 15, a linear polarizer 16, a circular polarizer 17, a reflecting prism 18, an atomic cell mechanical support 19 and a photoelectric tube 21 are fixedly arranged on a laser path emitted by the laser 14 in sequence, an Rb atom pool 10 is fixed in the atom pool mechanical support 19, a fine adjustment magnetic field coil 23 is fixed in the atom magnetometer module 11, the outer layer of the fine adjustment magnetic field coil 23 is fixedly provided with a magnetic field coil 24, and the upper side of the atomic magnetometer module 11 is provided with a BGO crystal 9 which can move along the light path direction passing through the Rb atomic pool 10.
Fixedly connected with step motor 1 on the optical platform, step motor 1 control is equipped with glass fiber stick 6, the fixed sleeve pipe 7 that is equipped with on the glass fiber stick 6, the cover is equipped with threaded connection's plastics guide rail 5 on the sleeve pipe 7, plastics guide rail 5 keeps away from step motor 1 end passes through plastics sample platform 8 fixed connection BGO crystal 9, plastics guide rail 5 runs through ferrite 4 and can be in ferrite 4 horizontal slip.
The atomic magnetometer module 11 is fixedly connected in the ferrite 4 through a plastic support 12 and is connected with an external optical instrument through a power supply and signal transmission cable 13.
The periphery of the stepping motor 1 is provided with a first magnetic shield 2, the periphery of the ferrite 4 is provided with a second magnetic shield 3, and a third magnetic shield 22 is arranged in the atomic magnetometer module 11 to surround all internal components.
The BGO crystal 9 is a non-polarized crystal, background magnetic field noise is not introduced into the material, and the background magnetic field noise is not introduced into the plastic guide rail 5, the glass fiber rod 6, the sleeve 7 and the plastic sample stage 8.
The laser 14 adopts a 795nm laser and a detuned laser, and an antireflection film is plated on a window sheet of the Rb atom pool 10 to enhance the light transmittance.
The distance between the Rb atom pool 10 and the BGO crystal 9 is less than 1 cm.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the invention is used for testing the fifth force
Figure 193703DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
In the working process of the method and the device for measuring the atomic magnetic field based on the SERF, the laser 14 adopts detuned laser which is used as a pumping light source and a detection light source, wherein a circular polarization component is used as the pumping light source, and a linear polarization component is used as the detection light source.
In the atomic magnetometer module 11, a high atomic density and low magnetic field environment is prepared by using the fine adjustment magnetic field coil 23 and the magnetic field coil 24, so that Rb atoms are in an SERF state, the laser 14 uses detuned laser to form a light passing optical path 20 in the atomic magnetometer module 11, wherein a circular polarization component of the light passing optical path 20 is used for pumping the Rb atoms, and at this time, the direction of spin polarization of electrons in the Rb atomic pool 10 in the atomic pool is the same as the direction of pumping light, and both directions are along the z-axis direction. Since the interaction force between the electron spin in the Rb cell and the nuclear spin in the BGO crystal 9 decays exponentially with distance, therefore,when placed, the distance between the BGO crystal 9 and the Rb atom pool 10 is less than 1 cm. In order to reduce background magnetic field noise caused by BGO crystals 9, BGO crystals 9 are adhered to a plastic sample stage 8, a plastic guide rail 5, a glass fiber rod 6 and a sleeve 7 are connected with a stepping motor 1, background magnetic field noise is not introduced into the plastic guide rail 5, the glass fiber rod 6, the sleeve 7 and the plastic sample stage 8, the stepping motor 1 controls the glass fiber rod 6 to rotate, the glass fiber rod 6 drives the sleeve 7 to rotate together, the sleeve 7 drives the plastic guide rail 5 through threads, and the plastic guide rail 5 drives the plastic sample stage 8 and the BGO crystals 9 to move along the z-axis direction and keep moving at a constant speed. The program controls the stepping motor 1 to periodically rotate forwards and backwards, so that the BGO crystal 9 is controlled to periodically move back and forth in the z-axis direction, electromagnetic noise generated by the stepping motor 1 is shielded by the first magnetic shielding cover 2 and the second magnetic shielding cover 3, and the influence of background magnetic field noise is reduced. The linear polarization component in the light path 20 passing through the inside of the atomic magnetometer module 11 is used for detecting the atom precession signal and measuring the equivalent magnetic field
Figure 624684DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The equivalent magnetic field caused by the fifth force due to the periodic back and forth movement of the BGO crystal 9
Figure 862898DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Also changes periodically according to the interaction intensity coefficient of the equivalent magnetic field to the fifth force
Figure 85938DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Free path following interaction
Figure 243250DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Gives a limited range of experimental measurement accuracy, and thus verifies the fifth force.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Testing the fifth force
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: building a pumping light path and a miniaturized Rb atom magnetometer in the same direction as the detection light path, so that the Rb atom is in an SERF state;
s2: a BGO crystal is placed near a miniaturized Rb atomic magnetometer, the BGO crystal is controlled by a stepping motor to move at a uniform speed along the direction of a pumping light path, the internal spin of the BGO crystal and the internal spin of electrons in the Rb atomic pool generate relative motion, wherein the internal spin of the electrons in the Rb atomic pool and the internal spin of the BGO crystal exist
Figure 616009DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The form fifth force is expressed as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
In order to be the interaction strength factor,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is the spin quantum number of the polarized particles,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is the distance between the nuclear spin of the BGO crystal and the electron spin in the Rb cell,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
in order to realize the free path of the interaction,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
is a BGO crystalAnd the relative speed of movement of the pool of atoms,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
is the Planck constant;
this interaction results in a shift of the polarized electron energy level in the alkali metal Rb atom to:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the gyromagnetic ratio of the Rb atom,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
is the equivalent magnetic field generated by the fifth force;
s3: detecting a magnetic field signal with a miniaturized Rb atomic magnetometer;
s4: weak magnetic field signal is extracted from background noise by using signal processing and selecting method, and probability statistics is carried out to obtain
Figure 688743DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Equivalent magnetic field generated by fifth force
Figure 563421DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Coefficient of strength of interaction of the equivalent magnetic field to the fifth force
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Free path following interaction
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Gives a limited range of experimental measurement accuracy, and thus verifies the fifth force.
2. Such asA method of testing a fifth force as defined in claim 1
Figure 489788DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measurement method is characterized in that: in step S2, the relative motion between the spin of the electron in the Rb atomic pool and the spin of the core of the BGO crystal is a uniform motion, the relative motion direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the spin of the electron in the Rb atomic pool, and the interaction force between the spin of the electron in the Rb atomic pool and the spin of the core of the BGO crystal exponentially decays with the distance.
3. Testing the fifth force
Figure 897636DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that: comprises an atomic magnetometer module (11) fixedly connected with an optical platform, a laser (14) is fixedly arranged in the atomic magnetometer module (11), a collimating lens (15), a linear polarizer (16), a circular polarizer (17), a reflecting prism (18), an atomic cell mechanical support (19) and a photoelectric tube (21) are fixedly arranged on a laser path emitted by the laser (14) in sequence, an Rb atom pool (10) is fixed in the atom pool mechanical support (19), a fine adjustment magnetic field coil (23) is fixedly arranged in the atomic magnetometer module (11), the outer layer of the fine adjustment magnetic field coil (23) is fixedly provided with a magnetic field coil (24), a horizontal moving mechanism (30) fixedly connected with the optical platform is arranged on the upper side of the atomic magnetometer module (11), the horizontal moving mechanism (30) controls a BGO crystal (9) which can move along the direction of an optical path passing through the Rb atom pool (10).
4. A method of testing a fifth force as in claim 3
Figure 188940DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that: the horizontal moving mechanism (30) comprises a stepping motor (1), and a glass fiber rod (1) is controlled by the stepping motor (1) 6) The glass fiber rod is characterized in that a sleeve (7) is fixedly arranged on the glass fiber rod (6), a plastic guide rail (5) in threaded connection is sleeved on the sleeve (7), and the plastic guide rail (5) is far away from the end of the stepping motor (1) and is fixedly connected with the BGO crystal (9) through a plastic sample table (8).
5. A method of testing a fifth force as described in claim 4
Figure 49449DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that: fixed first magnetic shield cover (2) and second magnetic shield cover (3) of being equipped with on the optical platform, step motor (1) is fixed to be established in first magnetic shield cover (2), second magnetic shield cover (3) internal fixation is equipped with ferrite (4), plastics guide rail (5) run through ferrite (4) and can be in ferrite (4) horizontal slip, atomic magnetometer module (11) are in through plastic support piece (12) fixed connection in ferrite (4) to be connected with outside optical instrument through power supply and signal transmission cable (13), be equipped with third magnetic shield cover (22) in atomic magnetometer module (11) and surround inside all parts.
6. A method of testing a fifth force as described in claim 4
Figure 717190DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that: the BGO crystal (9) is a non-polarized crystal, background magnetic field noise is not introduced into the material, and the background magnetic field noise is not introduced into the plastic guide rail (5), the glass fiber rod (6), the sleeve (7) and the plastic sample table (8).
7. A method of testing a fifth force as in claim 3
Figure 478079DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that: the laser (14) is a 795nm laser and is detunedPlating an antireflection film on a window sheet of the Rb atom pool (10) to enhance the light transmittance.
8. A method of testing a fifth force as in claim 3
Figure 940285DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The SERF-based atomic magnetic field measuring device is characterized in that: the distance between the Rb atom pool (10) and the BGO crystal (9) is less than 1 cm.
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