A kind of biomass pyrolysis system with built-in dust arrester
Technical field
The utility model is related to chemical field, more particularly to a kind of biomass pyrolysis system with built-in dust arrester.
Background technology
Biomass are only second to coal, oil, natural gas as the fourth-largest energy of the earth, reserves.Meanwhile, biomass are also storage
The maximum regenerative resource of amount, is optimal fossil energy alternative energy source.
At present, the main Land use systems of biomass energy are direct burning, anaerobic fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis etc..It is wherein direct
Burn the thermal efficiency low, not only cause energy waste, also result in certain environmental problem;Anaerobic fermentation is higher to ingredient requirement, and
Take up an area the larger, reaction time long, it is impossible to process biomass resource on a large scale;Gasification technology is then limited to the not general of reactor
Property, bio oil problem and gas heating value are low;Biomass pyrolytic technology is that biomass energy is converted into into liquid fuel most
Effective approach.
Biomass pyrolytic refers to that under conditions of anaerobic or limit oxygen biomass are warming up to into 550 DEG C or so, and biomass are converted
For the process of bio oil, charcoal and pyrolysis gas.
However, on the market all of pyrolytic technique has that bio oil dustiness is high.Current dedusting technology master
To be cyclone dust collection technology, metal screen dedusting technology, grain bed dedusting technology.The efficiency of dust collection of cyclone dust collection technology is relatively low;
The bearing temperature of metal screen dedusting technology is relatively low, easy generation high temperature corrosion and oxidation;Grain bed dedusting technology efficiency is higher.But
It is that current dedusting technology mainly adopts external, is both needed to heating and thermal insulation in high-temperature oil gas dust removal process, it is to avoid the two of bio oil
Secondary cracking or condensation, cause the loss of bio oil.
Utility model content
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a kind of biomass pyrolytic with built-in dust arrester
System.The system can effectively extract bio oil and pyrolysis gas in biomass, and reduce the dustiness of thermal decomposition product, with higher
Efficiency of energy utilization.
The utility model discloses a kind of biomass pyrolysis system with built-in dust arrester, the system includes:Instead
Answer device, cyclone separator, heat exchanger;
The reactor has biomass inlet, pyrolysis oil gas vent, charcoal outlet;
The cyclone separator has pyrolysis oil gas entrance, and the pyrolysis oil gas entrance is used to receive by the heat of the reactor
The pyrolysis oil gas that solution oil gas vent is discharged;
The heat exchanger has charcoal entrance, and the charcoal entrance is used to receive by the charcoal outlet of the reactor
The charcoal of discharge;
Wherein, there is the dividing plate along height for reactor direction arrangement, the dividing plate will be described anti-in the reactor
Device is answered to be divided into pyrolysis zone and dedusting area;The pyrolysis zone and the dedusting area bottom communicate;
The reactor has side wall a and side wall a ' positioned opposite, wherein, the dedusting area includes institute positioned opposite
State side wall a and the dividing plate;Also, it is disposed with multiple swash plates on the side wall a and the dividing plate;
The swash plate has end b and end b ', and its medial end portions b is fixed on the dividing plate or the side wall a, end b '
Vacantly;The end b of two adjacent swash plates is separately fixed on the dividing plate and the side wall a so that described two adjacent
Swash plate is arranged in a crossed manner.
Further, the swash plate in the reactor and the angle of horizontal direction are 45 °~75 °.
Further, the swash plate in the horizontal direction be projected as the 4/5~9/10 of the dedusting sector width.
Further, the end b ' of the swash plate and the vertical range of the dividing plate of opposite side or the side wall a are institute
State the 1/10~1/5 of dedusting sector width.
Further, the angle between described two adjacent swash plates is 30 °~90 °.
Further, the dedusting area cross-sectional area is the 1/32~1/4 of the pyrolysis zone cross-sectional area.
Further, the bottom of the dividing plate is provided with level-sensing device;The level-sensing device it is vertical with the dividing plate lower end away from
From for 100~500 ㎜.
Further, radiant tube is provided with from top to bottom in the pyrolysis zone;The radiant tube and fuel gas inlet and flue gas
Outlet connection.
In above-mentioned system, including pyrolysis oil gas unit, charcoal unit, flue gas unit;
Reactor that the pyrolysis oil gas unit includes being sequentially connected, cyclone separator, secondary drying device, purifier,
Gas holder and oil tank, fuel gas inlet;
The charcoal unit includes reactor, heat exchanger, the charcoal warehouse being sequentially connected;
The flue gas unit includes reactor, heat exchanger, the one-level drier being sequentially connected.
The utility model can effectively extract bio oil and pyrolysis gas in biomass, available using built-in dust arrester
Internal system sensible heat, without the need for external heat source, efficiency of energy utilization is high.
The system can effectively reduce being pyrolyzed the dustiness of oil gas, it is to avoid the condensation of bio oil and second pyrolysis, greatly simplify
The subsequent treatment operation of pyrolysis oil gas.The pyrolysis oil gas of generation can be used for the drying of biomass material, meanwhile, biomass material
Can filter to being pyrolyzed oil gas, the system can be used to process various biomass materials.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the biomass pyrolysis system with built-in dust arrester in the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the schematic device of pyrolysis reactor in the utility model embodiment.
Reference in accompanying drawing is as follows:
1st, one-level rotary kiln;
2nd, two-stage rotary kiln drier;
3rd, feed bin;
4th, feed auger;
5th, pyrolysis reactor;5a, pyrolysis zone;5b, dedusting area;5-1, radiant tube;5-2, fuel gas inlet;5-3, flue gas go out
Mouthful;5-4, level-sensing device;5-5, pyrolysis oil gas vent;5-6, swash plate;5-7, dividing plate;
6th, whirlwind cyclone separator;
7th, grey room;
8th, purifier;
9th, gas holder;
10th, oil tank;
11st, discharge spiral;
12nd, heat exchanger;
13rd, charcoal warehouse.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in more details, with
Just scheme of the present utility model and the advantage of its various aspects be better understood when.However, specific implementations described below
Mode and embodiment are only descriptive purposes, rather than to restriction of the present utility model.
Schematic flow sheet according to Fig. 1, can be by the biomass thermal with built-in dust arrester in the utility model
Solution system is divided into three units:Pyrolysis oil gas unit, charcoal unit, flue gas unit.
The utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the flow chart of three units.
1. reactor, cyclone separator, secondary drying device, purifier, gas that oil gas unit includes being sequentially connected are pyrolyzed
Cabinet and oil tank, fuel gas inlet.
In the utility model embodiment, said apparatus are respectively pyrolysis reactor 5, cyclone separator 6, two-stage rotary kiln drying
Dry device 2, purifier 8, gas holder 9 and oil tank 10, fuel gas inlet 5-2.
I is described first herein to pyrolysis reactor 5:
By Fig. 2, pyrolysis reactor 5 is square shape vertical structure, and the main view profile of top and bottom be it is trapezoidal.
Dividing plate 5-7 is provided with pyrolysis reactor 5, it is arranged along the short transverse of reactor, by reactor longitudinal subdivision
For two regions:Pyrolysis zone 5a and dedusting area 5b.Also, pyrolysis zone 5a is connected with the bottom of dedusting area 5b.
There is side wall a and side wall a ' in the reactor of the utility model embodiment.Also, side wall a and side wall a ' are with respect to cloth
Put, wall a and dividing plate 5-7 are positioned opposite for side, dividing plate 5-7 and side wall a ' are also positioned opposite.I.e. in square shape vertical of the present utility model
In reactor, side wall a, dividing plate 5-7, side wall a ' are parallel to each other.
Also, dedusting area 5b includes side wall a and dividing plate 5-7, pyrolysis zone 5a includes dividing plate 5-7 and side wall a '.
On side the wall a and dividing plate 5-7 of dedusting area 5b, multiple swash plate 5-6 have been evenly arranged from bottom to top.It is in side wall a
M and n are respectively with the quantity on dividing plate 5-7.Herein, the numerical value representated by m and n can be the same or different.
Each swash plate 5-6 has two ends, is respectively designated as end b and end b '.Wherein, end b is fixed on side wall a
Or on dividing plate 5-7, b ' in end is vacantly in the 5b of dedusting area.Also, when the end b of swash plate 5-6 is fixed on the wall a of side, its phase
The end b of adjacent swash plate 5-6 is each attached on dividing plate 5-7 so that the adjacent swash plate 5-6 of each two is presented side arranged in a crossed manner
Formula.
In the utility model embodiment, the width of dedusting area 5b is W, and dedusting area 5b cross-sectional areas are pyrolysis zone 5a cross sections
Long-pending 1/32~1/4.
In the present embodiment, swash plate 5-6 is 45 °~75 ° with the angle of horizontal direction.Also, swash plate 5-6 is in the horizontal direction
Projection be 4/5W~9/10W.
The vertical range of the end b ' of the swash plate 5-6 and dividing plate 5-7 of opposite side or side wall a is 1/10W~1/5W.
The scope of the angle between the adjacent swash plate 5-6 of each two is 30 °~90 °.
On the swash plate 5-6 of the top arranged on the wall a of side, pyrolysis oil gas vent 5-5 is provided with.
Multiple radiant tube 5-1 are provided with the 5a of pyrolysis zone, its layer distributed from top to bottom in the 5a of pyrolysis zone.Radiant tube 5-
1 two ends are connected respectively with fuel gas inlet 5-2 and exhanst gas outlet 5-3, and the horizontal level of fuel gas inlet 5-2 is in exhanst gas outlet
On the horizontal level of 5-3.
Pyrolysis reactor 5 includes feed bin 3 and feed auger 4.Wherein, feed auger 4 be located at feed bin 3 lower end, and with
Biomass inlet connection at the top of the 5a of pyrolysis zone.Meanwhile, feed bin 3 successively with two-stage rotary kiln drier 2, one-level rotary kiln drying
Device 1 connects.
The trapezoidal portions of pyrolysis zone 5a bottoms are provided with level-sensing device 5-4, and its underpart is provided with discharging spiral 11, and discharge spiral
11 are connected with the charcoal outlet of the bottom of pyrolysis reactor 5.Also, level-sensing device 5-4 is with vertical range H of dividing plate 5-7 lower ends
100~500 ㎜.
The pyrolytic reaction process carried out in II pyrolysis reactor 5 is as follows:
Particle diameter≤the 3mm of biomass material, moisture content≤50wt% (wt% is mass percent), it is transported to successively
In one-level rotary kiln 1, two-stage rotary kiln drier 2.Dried biomass moisture content≤10wt%.Then by drying
Biomass afterwards are transported in feed bin 3, are delivered to by biomass inlet in the presence of feed auger 4 in the 5a of pyrolysis zone, its
The temperature of middle radiant tube is 650~800 DEG C, and pyrolytic reaction obtains high-temperature biological charcoal and pyrolysis oil gas.
The temperature of pyrolysis oil gas is 450~600 DEG C, and the position that its Jing pyrolysis zones 5a and dedusting area 5b bottoms communicate is via heat
Solution area 5a is run into the 5b of dedusting area.Pyrolysis oil gas constantly collides with the swash plate 5-6 in the 5b of dedusting area, dust therein
The bottom of pyrolysis reactor 5 will be drop to, so as to preliminary dedusting can be carried out to being pyrolyzed oil gas.
Efficiency of dust collection >=85wt%s of the dedusting area 5b built-in in pyrolysis reactor 5 to pyrolysis oil gas.
The pyrolysis oil gas of rough dusting is discharged via pyrolysis oil gas vent 5-5, and is transported in cyclone separator 6, is carried out
It is further to separate dedusting.It is deposited on the dust of bottom to be expelled in grey room 7.
Pyrolysis oil gas after the dedusting of upper strata, via the gas liquid outlet on the top of cyclone separator 6 two-stage rotary kiln drying is expelled to
In dry device 2, secondary drying is carried out to biomass material therein, while biomass material can be also carried out at filtration to being pyrolyzed oil gas
Reason.
Then, oil gas is pyrolyzed via the oil gas vent on two-stage rotary kiln drier 2, in being transported to purifier 8, Jing
Cross purification and obtain bio oil and pyrolysis gas.Bio oil is stored in oil tank 10, and pyrolysis gas are stored in gas holder 9.
Pyrolysis gas are transported in radiant tube 5-1 via fuel gas inlet 5-2, are that pyrolysis reactor 5 provides heat.
Because pyrolysis oil temperature degree is higher and with corrosivity, therefore, what the material of swash plate 5-6 was selected be high temperature resistant and
Corrosion resistant stainless steel.Meanwhile, dividing plate 5-7 is made by stainless steel material that is heat-resisting and readily conducting heat so that pyrolysis zone
The heat of 5a can be for delivery in the 5b of dedusting area, it is to avoid pyrolysis oil gas is condensed in the 5b of dedusting area.
2. charcoal unit includes reactor, heat exchanger, the charcoal warehouse being sequentially connected.
In the utility model embodiment, above-mentioned each device is respectively pyrolysis reactor 5, heat exchanger 12, charcoal warehouse 13.
The high-temperature biological charcoal temperature that above-mentioned 1. middle pyrolytic reaction is obtained be 450~650 DEG C, with pyrolytic reaction carrying out by
Gradually heap is to the bottom of pyrolysis reactor 5.When the high-temperature biological charcoal piled up highly reaches level-sensing device 5-4 tops, start discharging spiral
11;When high-temperature biological charcoal height reduction is to level-sensing device 5-4 bottoms, discharging spiral 11 is closed, stop discharging.
High-temperature biological charcoal via discharging spiral 11 discharge after, in being transported to heat exchanger 12, and with low temperature cigarette therein
Gas is exchanged heat, and causes high-temperature biological charcoal temperature to reduce, and obtains 200~350 DEG C of low-temperature biological charcoal, is then stored at charcoal
In warehouse 13.
3. flue gas unit includes reactor, heat exchanger, the one-level drier being sequentially connected.
In the utility model embodiment, said apparatus are respectively pyrolysis reactor 5, heat exchanger 12, one-level rotary kiln drying
Device 1.
The low-temperature flue gas temperature discharged by the exhanst gas outlet 5-3 of radiant tube 5-1 is 80~150 DEG C, and low-temperature flue gas are transported
Into heat exchanger 12, exchanged heat with high-temperature biological charcoal therein, flue gas after being heated up, its temperature is 110~180 DEG C.Rise
Flue gas is delivered to back in one-level rotary kiln drier 1 and carries out one-level dried process to biomass material therein after temperature.
Embodiment
From particle diameter≤3 ㎜, moisture content for 33wt% wood chip as biomass material, wood chip is transported to successively one-level
It is dried in rotary kiln 1, two-stage rotary kiln drying dry 2, dried wood chip moisture content is 8wt%.
Dried wood chip is delivered in feed bin 3, is delivered in the 5a of pyrolysis zone by feed auger 4.Wood chip relies on itself
Gravity fall, and generation pyrolytic reaction is contacted with radiant tube 5-1, the wherein temperature of radiant tube 5-1 is 700 DEG C.Pyrolytic reaction is obtained
To high-temperature biological charcoal and pyrolysis oil gas.
High-temperature biological carbon build-up is discharged, by the row of discharging spiral 11 to the bottom of pyrolysis reactor 5 by level-sensing device 5-4 controls
Go out into heat exchanger 12.
Pyrolysis oil temperature degree is 500 DEG C, and being run by pyrolysis zone 5a carries out rough dusting into the 5b of dedusting area, then Jing successively
Bio oil and pyrolysis gas are obtained after cyclone separator 6, the process of two-stage rotary kiln drier 2, purifier 8.Bio oil is stored in
In oil tank 10, pyrolysis gas are stored in gas holder 9.Pyrolysis gas can be transported in radiant tube 5-1 via fuel gas inlet 5-2, for carrying
Heating load.
The temperature that radiant tube 5-1 is discharged is 120 DEG C of low-temperature flue gas, in being delivered to heat exchanger 12, with high temperature therein life
Thing charcoal exchanges heat, flue gas after being heated up, and temperature is 180 DEG C, is stored in charcoal warehouse 13 after charcoal heat exchange cooling.
Flue gas is transported in one-level rotary kiln 1 and carries out one-level drying to wood chip after intensification.Pyrolysis oil gas is used for
In two-stage rotary kiln drier 2, the wood chip to being dried through one-level carries out secondary drying.
The beneficial effect that the embodiment is obtained is shown in following each table.
The product of table 1 is distributed
Bio oil/% |
Charcoal/% |
Pyrolysis gas/% |
Pyrolysis water/% |
43.4 |
25.6 |
17.5 |
13.5 |
(remarks:% is mass percent)
The contrast of oil gas dustiness is pyrolyzed before and after the dedusting of table 2
Oil gas dustiness is pyrolyzed before dedusting |
Oil gas dustiness is pyrolyzed after dedusting |
138g/Nm3 |
16g/Nm3 |
From Tables 1 and 2, the utility model embodiment can effectively extract the energy substance in biomass, and have
Preferably dust removing effects.
It should be noted that each embodiment above by reference to described by accompanying drawing is only to illustrate the utility model rather than limit
Scope of the present utility model is made, it will be understood by those within the art that, without departing from spirit of the present utility model and model
The modification carried out to the utility model on the premise of enclosing or equivalent, all should cover within the scope of the utility model.
Additionally, unless the context outside indication, the word for occurring in the singular includes plural form, and vice versa.In addition, removing non-specifically
Explanation, then any embodiment all or part of can with reference to any other embodiment all or part of using.