CN206129165U - Diamond drill bit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a diamond drill bit belongs to technical equipment fields such as oil and natural gas probing engineering, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geological drilling, tunnel engineering, the hydrology and non - excavation, including the drill bit body to and extend a plurality of wing from the drill bit body, be provided with the cutting component on the wing, at least one annular blank tape around the drill bit center has on the drill bit, and the wing of annular blank tape position to the indent, form the recess that circumference has a perfect understanding. The utility model discloses can reduce the cutting energy consumption of drill bit, promote broken rock efficiency, can restrain drill bit transverse vibration simultaneously, the impact that effectively reduces the drill bit cutting teeth was become invalid, the anti drift ability of reinforcing drill bit in directional drilling to can produce the jumbo size detritus, improve the geological logging quality, improve under the real brill condition accuracy to stratum information analysis and judgement in the pit.

Description

A kind of diamond bit

Technical field

This utility model belong to oil-gas drilling engineering, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geological drilling, A kind of technical equipment such as Tunnel Engineering, the hydrology and no-dig technique field, and in particular to diamond bit.

Background technology

Diamond bit be in drilling engineering wherein to fractured rock, form the rock crushing tool of pit shaft, according to its cutting The difference of element, mainly includes PDC drill bit and diamond-impregnated bit.

PDC drill bit by high rigidity, it is wear-resisting, from sharp composite polycrystal-diamond (abbreviation PDC teeth or cutting tooth) conduct Cutting element is shearing and fractured rock.PDC drill bit rate of penetration in soft-medium hard formation is high, life-span length, and drilling cost is low, Therefore which is used widely in the drilling of Oil/gas Well.

Although PDC teeth hardness is high, the restriction of impact resistance and heat wear resistance ability, PDC drill bit is in hard formation, Gao Yan When mill property stratum, serious heterogeneity stratum (soft or hard interlock interlayer, containing boulder bed etc.) drilling, it is easy to cause the quick of composite sheet Wear out failure, and damage is collapsed in the impact that one of most typical failure mode is exactly composite sheet diamond layer, the damage that collapses of composite sheet makes brill The stock-removing efficiency and working life of head is substantially reduced.It is the impulsive force from bottom rock that composite sheet collapses the main cause of damage, In addition to the impact that rock heterogeneity brings, in the more common scenario, vibration of the impulsive force that cutting tooth is born from drill bit, Particularly oscillation crosswise.Generally, it is that cutting speed is higher on drill bit to be easiest to composite sheet occurs to collapse the position of damage on drill bit Radial zone beyond crown and crown.Can be in wing body after the excessive wear of cutting tooth in local radial region on drill bit Upper generation annular groove, once occurring, the cutting power of drill bit is i.e. basic to be lost annular groove.

In addition to PDC drill bit, diamond-impregnated bit is also a kind of important drill bit species, and this drill bit is contained in pregnant The basic cutting edge that a large amount of diamond molecules (i.e. diamond micro-cutting sword) in matrix-type wing body or cutting tooth are formed Cutting element is constituted, the broken rock principle of drill bit is similar with the Principle of Grinding and Cutting of emery wheel, that is, be exposed to the diamond particle of bit face By be ground or micro-cutting in the way of cut bottom rock, and gradually " blunt " along with diamond particle, come off and which The continuous abrasion of timbering material, new diamond abrasive grain constantly go out sword and work on.This " grinding " of diamond-impregnated bit is former Manage, determine that its application is mainly high rigidity, strong abrasiveness etc. and is not suitable for even extremely difficult brill ground being bored with the difficult of PDC drill bit Layer, and typically relatively good rock breaking efficiency is can be only achieved at high speed.Matrix-type wing body is contained in by diamond particle pregnant Formed in cutting element be referred to as the impregnated body of wing or impregnated piece of wing (referred to as impregnated body or impregnated piece), it is pregnant to be contained in cutting tooth Formed in cutting element then be referred to as impregnated cutting tooth (abbreviation impregnated tooth).Impregnated body itself constitutes diamond-impregnated bit A part for wing body, belongs to the basic cutting structure of impregnated bit, and impregnated tooth is then usually and is fixedly arranged on the impregnated body of wing Attached cutting structure.The mode that impregnated tooth is fixedly arranged on the impregnated body of wing typically has three kinds of vertical, horizontal and vertical sleeping combination type, Consolidation is realized using sintering and soldering generally.Impregnated tooth is set up on the impregnated body of wing, has both contributed to improving impregnated bit in brill Adaptability during soft formation is met, the working life of diamond-impregnated bit cutting structure can be more dramatically increased.Impregnated body, impregnated tooth And impregnated body is combined with the various of impregnated tooth, the impregnated cutting element of drill bit can be formed, all of impregnated cutting on drill bit Element constitutes the impregnated cutting structure of drill bit.Bore under even extremely difficult brill formation condition difficult, other various types of drill bits are all deposited In the short problem of tooth life, and the wearability of impregnated bit cutting element is extremely strong, can reach relatively long working life.By It is often very high in the working speed of impregnated bit, so, drill bit kinetic stability in the course of the work is kept, is reduced as far as possible and is bored The vibration (particularly oscillation crosswise) of head, it is particularly significant for the working life for ensureing drill bit.

Crown profile shape is the very important architectural feature of diamond bit, and the crown profile line of drill bit is also referred to as cutting wheel Profile, macroscopical can reflect distributing position feature of the cutting element on drill bit, also can directly reflect the shaft bottom that bit cutting goes out Basic configuration feature.The crown profile line of a diamond bit typically smooth curve, parabolically shape, including inner cone, Crown (nose), outer cone, five part of shoulder and gauge.When external load makes drill bit have the trend of occurred level translation, drill bit The crag of the inner cone or outer cone of central area applies to drill bit to move horizontally active force in opposite direction with which, to suppress drill bit Transverse shifting, be beneficial to improve stability of bit.

In guide digging, usually occur that drilling trace occurs the phenomenon of " drift ", its essence is as drill bit is horizontal The caused mechanics effect of direction of displacement institute inconsistent with the horizontal force direction suffered by drill bit.PDC drill bit has been typically easy to the left The trend of drift, reason are that on drill bit, the stress of cutting tooth is very not when drill bit works in the case where well center condition is deviateed In a balanced way, the cutting tooth beyond offset direction side, drill bit crown is closer to shaft bottom and the rock of the borehole wall, therefore its cutting force It is bigger；And away from offset direction side, the cutting tooth beyond crown becomes remote with the distance of shaft bottom and rock of borehole, therefore which is cut Cut power to be substantially reduced or even disengage.For the cutting tooth within drill bit crown, its contact condition rule and crown Cutting tooth in addition is just conversely, cutting force increase is in the inner cone cutting tooth away from offset direction side, and in deviation side To side, the cutting force of inner cone upper teeth is to reduce, in some instances it may even be possible to depart from the contact with rock.Figure 28,29 be drill bit this Plant the schematic diagram of Teeth-cutting power rule, F in figure₁、F₂、F₃、F₄、F₅For the cause drift power that drill bit is produced, all left drift power synthesis F_fg1, all right drift power synthesis F_fg2, F_nFor guiding force.From the figure, it can be seen that the horizontal resultant direction of drill bit outer cone cutting tooth With the horizontal resultant direction of inner cone cutting tooth conversely, and outer cone cross force is more than inner cone cross force.The difference of the two power is just Generate the drill bit drift force for making drilling trace that drift to occur.Obviously, drift trend to be reduced it is necessary to reduce drift force, also It is the difference that will reduce two rightabout cross forces.

Determined by its broken rock principle, all kinds of diamond bits have a common weakness, i.e., crushed in drilling process The landwaste size formed after bottom rock is very tiny, and the landwaste of wherein diamond-impregnated bit is even more superfine, substantially in powder. This weakness limits the application of diamond bit to a certain extent.Because subterranean strata is complicated and changeable, in drilling process often The lithological information for often needing by the landwaste returned on down-hole to analyze, judge stratum, excessively tiny landwaste will make this analysis It is severely impacted with the accuracy for judging.

Assume to have on drill bit a section plane by certain point on drill axis and drill bit (referred to as the point axle Line plane or axial plane).When drill bit is when rate of penetration is to rotate around own axes under conditions of zero, the contour line of cutting element with Section plane or axial plane are crossed to form intersection, axial plane contour line of the intersection for cutting element, by the axial plane of all cutting elements Contour line pools together the shaft bottom coverage diagram to form drill bit, in the coverage diagram of shaft bottom, can do one with all cutting units The tangent envelope curve of axial plane contour line, be referred to as bit cutting contour line, bit cutting contour line reflects drill bit and gets out Shaft bottom basic configuration feature.Drill body contour line is the position curve of reflection drill body in the coverage diagram of shaft bottom, and which is One key character curve of diamond bit.The drill bit cloth flank of tooth referred to drill axis as center of rotation, drill body profile The curved surface that line is intersected with drill body after rotating a circle for radius of turn.

In PDC drill bit, contour line and the section plane or axial plane of PDC cutting tooths are crossed to form intersection, and the intersection is PDC The axial plane contour line of cutting tooth, the axial plane contour line of all PDC cutting tooths is pooled together the shaft bottom covering to form PDC drill bit Figure, does an envelope curve tangent with the axial plane contour line of all PDC cutting tooths, is the cutting contour line of PDC drill bit.

In diamond-impregnated bit, if cutting element is all the impregnated body of wing (Exocarpium Citrulli formula impregnated bit), by knife The impregnated body contour line of the wing is crossed to form intersection with section plane or axial plane, and the intersection is the axial plane contour line of impregnated cutting unit, All wings impregnated body axial plane contour line is pooled together the shaft bottom coverage diagram to form drill bit, in the coverage diagram of shaft bottom, can be with The axial plane contour line envelope curve of one and the impregnated body of all wings is done, is referred to as impregnated bit cutting contour line, it is so impregnated The cutting contour line of drill bit is basically identical with drill body contour line, is same curves；If cutting unit includes that wing is impregnated Body, impregnated piece (impregnated tooth), impregnated tooth are then usually the attached cutting structure being fixedly arranged on the impregnated body of wing, and impregnated tooth is fixedly arranged at Mode on the impregnated body of wing typically has three kinds of vertical, horizontal and vertical sleeping combination type, generally realizes consolidation using sintering and soldering, Wing impregnated body, the contour line of impregnated tooth and section plane or axial plane are crossed to form into intersection, the intersection is impregnated cutting unit Axial plane contour line, the axial plane contour line of all wings impregnated body, impregnated tooth is pooled together to be formed drill bit shaft bottom cover Figure, in the coverage diagram of shaft bottom, can do an envelope curve tangent with the axial plane contour line of all impregnated tooths, be referred to as impregnated Bit cutting contour line, does the envelope curve of the impregnated body of all wing, is referred to as the body profiles line of impregnated bit.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is：A kind of diamond bit is provided, to reduce the cutting energy consumption of drill bit, drill bit is lifted Efficiency of breaking rock, while suppressing drill bit oscillation crosswise, effectively reduces the impact failure of Cutter, lifts drill bit in directed drilling In anti-drift ability, and produce the landwaste of large-size, improve geological logging quality, improve under the conditions of real boring to down-hole formation Information analysiss and the accuracy for judging.

This utility model purpose is realized by following technical proposals：

The diamond bit of prior art, generally includes drill body, and extends from several wings of drill body, Cutting element is provided with wing, the difference of the diamond bit of this patent is, with least one around brill on drill bit The annular blank tape at head center, and each wing in annular blank tape position concaves, forms the groove (general below of circumferential insertion The wing groove of this annular blank tape position is referred to as " groove ").Annular blank tape on the drill bit of this patent is in shaft bottom work The annular phacolith of corresponding projection, the phacolith mutual raised with shaft bottom of the annular blank tape on drill bit will be formed in work in shaft bottom Match somebody with somebody, and using the size of shaft bottom phacolith as the definition of annular blank tape size basis：The width of raised phacolith is annular blank tape Width W, raised phacolith peak to the height H that the average distance of phacolith root is annular blank tape, as shown in figure 4, due to The presence of the cutting element being located on wing near annular blank tape, the groove of drill body wing are slightly wider than annular blank tape.

In this patent, drill bit forms annular phacolith in the grooved area of blank tape when shaft bottom works, and phacolith both sides are originally The constraint of the rock being subject to is released, therefore the intensity of phacolith itself is remarkably decreased, equivalent to isolated " body of wall ", either Cut (shear) or impact grinding mode using crushing, scraping, the comminution energy conssumption needed for which will all be greatly lowered, and which is broken Mode tends to the broken of volumetric.The energy for saving can be used for the rock breaking efficiency for strengthening other cutting tooths on drill bit, from And improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.On the other hand, the groove on drill body wing can suppress the transverse shifting of drill bit, so as to subtract The oscillation crosswise of little drill bit, improves the stability of drill bit.(the cutting particularly on port and side wall additionally, drill bit wing groove Tooth) can play a part of to reduce drill bit drift force, drift trend of the drill bit in steerable drilling preferably can be suppressed.

Alternatively, the cutting element for arranging on wing is impregnated cutting element.The diamond bit of this patent application, its The cutting element arranged on wing can be PDC cutting elements, or impregnated cutting element, preferably impregnated cutting element, Such drill bit can be crept in high abrasive, high rigidity stratum, widen drill bit use range.

Alternatively, annular blank region is provided with the second cutting element.Cutting is set on the wing of prior art Outside element, this patent further can also arrange cutting element in annular blank region, and will be arranged on annular blank zone The cutting element in domain is referred to as the second cutting element.Or the cutting element that can also be arranged on prior art on wing is referred to as For " primary cutting element ", as described in the background art, it can also be the part of drill body wing which can be independent cutting tooth, And the cutting element correspondence for being arranged on annular blank region is referred to as into " secondary cutting element " or " the second cutting element ".Due to The region that annular blank tape has run through between wing and wing, thus the second cutting element can be arranged on the groove on wing Region, it is also possible to the chip area region being arranged between wing, such as arranges little wing raised on independent bit leg structure, body etc. Deng.In the program, the presence of annular blank tape will form the phacolith of annular protrusion, annular blank region is provided with second and cuts Element is cut, the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit can be obviously improved.

Used as further selecting, the second cutting element is arranged on the side wall of wing groove and/or top.In the program, The bit wing wing body indent of annular blank tape position, forms the groove of circumferential insertion, and wing groove is by recess sidewall and groove top Portion constitutes, as shown in Figure 4.Second cutting element is arranged on the side wall of wing groove and/or top, and (groove top is i.e. to groove sheet Bottom land for body), raised phacolith is crushed, while the cutting element to bit grooves region is arranged on wing enters Row is strengthened, it is to avoid regional area fails and causes the whole drill bit can not effective rock drilling.

Further select as another, the second cutting element is fixed cutting tooth, and/or can be relative with drill body generation The motion cutting element of motion, has one or more cutting tooths on motion cutting element.In the program, if the second cutting element To fix cutting tooth, such drill bit does not have moving element, reduces fall tooth accident and occurs, and is conducive to reducing drilling period；If second Cutting element had not only included fixed cutter but also had included motion cutting element, drill bit fractured rock in the way of sound is compound, carried High drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.

As further selecting, motion cutting element be can slip relative with drill body generation cutting element.The party In case, arrange in the top of the second cutting element or be connected with pressure or impulsive force generating meanss, produced impulsive force (such as by The impulsive force that the inertia of block stamp is produced) act on the second cutting element so that and the second cutting element can occur phase with drill body To sliding, the second cutting element is delivered to impulsive force on the phacolith of blank tape, phacolith is obtained under conditions of the pressure of the drill is not shared With efficiency crushing (low energy consumption volumetric fracture).

Further select as another, motion cutting element is the gear wheel that can be relatively rotated with drill body, gear wheel On be provided with the gear ring being made up of several cutting tooths.In the program, part or all of gear ring position on preferably at least one gear wheel The each annular blank tape of one-to-one corresponding is put, gear wheel cutting tooth is crushed raised annular phacolith in the way of alternating action, is beneficial to cutting The cooling of tooth, improves the life-span of cutting tooth, while replacing sliding to roll, reduces torque-on-bit, improves drill bit drilling stability, Particularly in directional well, the drop of drill bit is turned round effect and is become apparent from.

Further select as another, the fixed cutting tooth of the second cutting element is round tooth, oval tooth, conical tooth, wedge The combination of shape tooth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert etc. or various profiles of tooth.In the program, mutual of cutting tooth of different shapes and different stratum Match somebody with somebody, so as to widen the drill bit scope of application.

Further select as another, the fixed cutting tooth of the second cutting element is PDC composite sheet, thermally-stabilised glomerocryst Buddha's warrior attendant Stone cutting tooth, natural diamond cutting tooth, impregnated Adamas cutting tooth, carbide cutting tooth, cubic boron nitride cutting tooth, pottery Porcelain cutting tooth, the cutting tooth comprising diamond or cubic boron nitride.

Alternatively, two or more annular blank tapes are provided with the drill bit.In the program, drill body Two or more annular blank tapes are provided with drill bit, the fragmentation volume of such drill bit primary cutting element is reduced, than pressure Increase, crushing efficiency is improved.

Alternatively, one or several gear wheels, the tooth overlay area bag of 1 gear wheel of wherein at least are provided with drill bit Containing shaft bottom annular blank tape, and the tooth overlay area of at least one gear wheel is comprising the region beyond the annular blank tape of part shaft bottom. In the program, in wing-gear wheel composite drill bit, the annular blank tape of the tooth overlay area comprising shaft bottom of 1 gear wheel, at least 1 The tooth overlay area of individual gear wheel includes the region beyond the annular blank tape of part shaft bottom, makes full use of cloth tooth space on drill bit, Extend bit life while the stock-removing efficiency of composite drill bit is improved.

Alternatively, at least one gear wheel is provided with drill bit, the cutting tooth on the gear wheel is arranged in annular blank tape Well bottom zone in addition.In the program, annular blank tape, and blank tape are set in the fixing wing of wing-gear wheel composite drill bit Not in gear wheel overlay area, so composite drill bit is improved in the drilling efficiency in fixing wing region and can improve composite drill bit Stability.

Alternatively, the annular blank tape on drill bit is located at drill bit a quarter radius with exterior domain.It is annular blank Radial position of the center line of band in drill bit radial direction overlay area is L, and the radius of drill bit is R, as shown in Figure 4.In the program, i.e. L >=1/4R, for different lithostratigraphy situations and drilling mode, beyond annular blank tape is arranged at drill bit a quarter radius Radial zone, the use range of drill bit can be expanded.Especially, annular blank tape can be arranged on and is easier to cause drill bit to cut The radial zone beyond the crown and/or crown of odontotripsis is cut, to increase the rock volume of low energy consumption volumetric fracture in the region, Bit operation effect is lifted to a greater degree.

Alternatively, the annular blank bandwidth W span on drill bit is R/3 >=W >=3mm, and R is drill bit radius.Should In scheme, the width W scopes for limiting annular blank tape can improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, if the width mistake of annular blank tape It is little, as the Brittleness of rock may not form annular phacolith, if the width of annular blank tape is excessive, drill bit efficiency of breaking rock Reduce.

Alternatively, the depth-width ratio of the phacolith that the annular blank tape on drill bit is formed in shaft bottom is not less than 0.5.The program In, i.e. H/W >=0.5, for different rock properties, limits annular blank tape phacolith depth-width ratio, so as to improve drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.

Alternatively, recess sidewall at least 1 side wheel profile is not parallel with drill axis.In the program, recess sidewall Contour line is not parallel with drill axis, is beneficial to more pair cutting elements are arranged in recess sidewall, it is ensured that the cutting of groove Life-span, so as to extend the bulk life time of drill bit.

Aforementioned this utility model main formula case and its each further selection scheme can be with independent assortments to form multiple schemes, Can adopt for this utility model and claimed scheme；And this utility model, (each non conflicting selection) select between and and Other can also independent assortment between selecting.Those skilled in the art after this utility model scheme is understood according to prior art and Common knowledge can understand there is multiple combination, be the claimed technical scheme of this utility model, and here does not do exhaustion.

The beneficial effects of the utility model：

1st, drill bit forms annular phacolith in the grooved area of blank tape when shaft bottom works, what phacolith both sides were subject to originally The constraint of rock is released, therefore the intensity of phacolith itself is remarkably decreased, and the comminution energy conssumption needed for which will all be greatly lowered, The energy of saving can be used for the rock breaking efficiency for strengthening other cutting tooths on drill bit, so as to be conducive to improving drill bit efficiency of breaking rock.

2nd, the volumetric fracture of the low effect of rock can be realized in drill bit annular white space, larger rock debris, phase is formed For conventional PCD drill forms less, thinner landwaste, can more be conducive to obtaining formation lithology information by cuttings analysis, Judge geologic horizon.

3rd, when outer load make drill bit have there is the trend of transverse movement when, on shaft bottom raised phacolith drill bit can be applied with The constraint in opposite direction of its transverse movement trend or active force, to suppress the transverse shifting of drill bit, so as to reduce the horizontal of drill bit Vibration, improves the stability of drill bit, effectively reduces the impact and eccentric wear failure of Cutter.

4th, drill bit forms multiple annular phacoliths in drilling well, more with the lateral contact surface in shaft bottom so that the anti-drift of drill bit Moving control parameter increases, and is conducive to strengthening drill bit anti-drift ability.

Description of the drawings

Bit operation schematic diagrams of the Fig. 1 for this utility model patent；

Drill bit structure schematic diagrams of the Fig. 2 for this utility model patent；

Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 top views；

Fig. 4 is the operating diagram of the drill bit that secondary cutting element is provided with groove；

Fig. 5 groove locations are in interior tapering schematic diagram；

Fig. 6 groove locations are in external taper schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 is have 2 grooves and the drill bit schematic diagram with the micro- structure of coring of extruding tooth；

Fig. 8 is have 2 grooves and the drill bit schematic diagram with the micro- structure of coring of center cone tooth；

Groove and primary cutting element that Fig. 9 has 2 sizes different are the drill bit schematic diagram of impregnated wing；

Top views of the Figure 10 for Fig. 9 drill bits；

Figure 11 is impregnated bit schematic diagram that primary cutting element is impregnated body；

It is impregnated body, impregnated perpendicular tooth impregnated bit schematic diagram that Figure 12 is primary cutting element；

Figure 13 is impregnated bit schematic diagram that primary cutting element is impregnated body, impregnated perpendicular tooth, impregnated sleeping tooth；

Figure 14 is the impregnated bit schematic diagram with the secondary cutting element of impact；

Figure 15 is with the secondary cutting element drill bit schematic diagram of impact；

Figure 16 is with the secondary cutting element of impact and secondary cutting element drill bit schematic diagram not on wing；

Figure 17 is the composite drill bit schematic diagram that kinematic pair cutting element is bit leg gear wheel cutting structure；

Figure 18 is that Figure 17 radially covers schematic diagram；

Figure 19 is kinematic pair cutting element for bit leg gear wheel cutting structure and one of gear wheel only covers broken groove area Domain drill bit schematic diagram；

Figure 20 is that 19 radial directions cover schematic diagram；

Figure 21 is the drill bit schematic diagram that gear wheel arranges wing groove

Figure 22 is the drill bit coverage diagram that gear wheel arranges wing groove

Figure 23 be wing groove composite drill bit near inner cone composite drill bit schematic diagram

Figure 24 is that 1 side wheel profile of groove is not parallel with drill axis

Figure 25 be wing in be provided with interior inserted drill bit schematic diagram

Figure 26 be wing in be provided with the inserted drill bit schematic diagram of built-in table

Figure 27 be wing in be provided with the inserted single wing schematic diagram of built-in table

With the borehole wall and the schematic diagram of bottom rock phase separation when Figure 28 is conventional PCD drill transverse movement

With the borehole wall and the schematic diagram of bottom rock phase separation when Figure 29 is this utility model drill bit transverse movement

Wherein 1- drill bodies, 2- fixing wings, the impregnated wings of 21-, the impregnated sleeping teeth of 22-, the impregnated perpendicular teeth of 23-, 24- Buddha's warrior attendants Edge in stone granule, 3- primary cutting elements, 31- fixed joint cutting elements, 32- kinematic pair cutting elements, 33- gear wheel cutting tooths, 41- The built-in table of tooth, 42- is inserted, 5 drill body contour lines, 6- drill bit cloth tooth curved surfaces, 7- grooves, 8- nozzles, and 9- rocks, 10- are raised Phacolith, 11- bit legs, 12- gear wheels.

Specific embodiment

Following non-limiting examples are used to illustrate this utility model.

As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, a kind of diamond bit, including drill body 1, and extend from some of drill body 1 Individual wing 2, is provided with cutting element 3 on wing 2, with least one annular blank tape for surrounding bit central on drill bit (it is 5 annular blank tapes in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, in 3 is 1 annular blank tape, preferably at least 2 annular blank tapes, in such as Fig. 7-10 For 2 annular blank tapes), the wing 2 in annular blank tape position concaves, and forms the groove 7 of circumferential insertion, and groove 7 is by side Wall and top are constituted.Multiple annular blank tape on drill bit forms multiple grooves 7 on wing 2, preferably at least 2 grooves, and Wherein 1 groove is located at bit central, as shown in Figure 7,8.Preferably, 7 side wall of groove at least 1 side wheel profile and drill bit shaft Line is not parallel, as shown in figure 24.

With reference to shown in Fig. 4, the radial position of the center line of annular blank tape in drill bit radial direction overlay area is L, the half of drill bit Footpath is R, and the height of annular blank tape is H, and annular blank bandwidth is W.Preferably, the annular blank tape on drill bit is located at and bores Head a quarter radius are with exterior domain, i.e. L >=1/4R.Annular blank bandwidth W span on drill bit is R/3 >=W ≥3mm.The height (H) width (W) of the annular blank tape phacolith on drill bit is than not less than 0.5, i.e. H/W >=0.5.

The cutting element arranged on wing can be PDC cutting elements, as shown in figures 1-8, or impregnated cutting unit Part, as shown in Fig. 9-14.The cutting element 3 arranged on wing 2 can be as prior art generally, before being arranged in wing 2 The common PDC teeth of side, such as Fig. 1-3 can also be further：Wing 2 is provided with interior inserted by 41 (relative to wing body profiles Cutting tooth of the line proud exposure less than or equal to zero, other surfaces in addition to cutwork plane of cutting tooth (mainly side And bottom end face) and wing body comprehensive engagement, and the consolidation of cutting tooth is realized by this contact relation), cut as standby Tooth, as shown in figure 25, compared with conventional bit, axially can wear volume increase, the service life of drill bit can be dramatically increased；Or Person, sets on wing 2 that built-in table is inserted by 42 (to be fixed in the dead slot arrange on wing body, and its land exposure is empty in its place The cutting tooth of rooved face, dead slot are arranged in wing body, can be through slot, alternatively non-penetrating blind slot), cut as standby Cut tooth, as shown in Figure 26,27, increase drill bit axially can wear volume while, standby tooth is obtained when stratum is cut high Than pressure, wedging ability strengthens；Can also common PDC teeth, interior inserted 41 and built-in table inserted 42 various combinations.

Due to the region that annular blank tape has run through between wing 2 and wing 2, thus the second cutting element is (secondary to cut Element) 7 region of groove on wing 2 is may be located at, as in Figure 2-4, it is also possible in the chip area between position wing 2, such as Figure 16, shown in 17.During groove 7 region of the second cutting element (secondary cutting element) on wing 2, as shown in Fig. 2-13, Two cutting elements (secondary cutting element) are preferably provided at side wall and/or the top of wing groove 7.

Second cutting element can be fixed cutting tooth (referred to as fixed joint cutting element 31), and/or can be with drill bit sheet There is the motion cutting element (referred to as kinematic pair cutting element 32) of relative motion in body 1, have on kinematic pair cutting element 32 One or more cutting tooths, as shown in Fig. 9,10.

Wherein the cutting tooth of fixed joint cutting element 31 can be round tooth, oval tooth, conical tooth, chisel teeth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert Deng or various profiles of tooth combination, as shown in Fig. 2,3,5,6,8,9,10.Fixed joint cutting element can be PDC composite sheet, heat Stable polycrystalline diamond cutting tooth, natural diamond cutting tooth, impregnated Adamas cutting tooth, carbide cutting tooth, cube nitrogen Change boron cutting tooth, ceramic cutting tooth or the cutting tooth comprising diamond or cubic boron nitride, or the combination of aforementioned tooth.

Wherein kinematic pair cutting element 32 can be that the cutting element of relative slip can occur with drill body 1, such as Figure 14, 15th, shown in 16, for example, arrange in the top of the kinematic pair cutting element 32 or be connected with pressure or impulsive force generating meanss, institute The impulsive force (impulsive force for such as being produced by the inertia of block stamp) of generation acts on kinematic pair cutting element 32 so that kinematic pair cuts Element 32 can occur relative slip with drill body 1.

Kinematic pair cutting element 32 can also be the gear wheel 12 that can be relatively rotated with drill body 1, set on gear wheel 12 The gear ring being made up of several gear wheel cutting tooths 33 is equipped with, as shown in Figure 17-23.It is preferred that gear wheel 12 is arranged on independent bit leg 11 On, as shown in figures 17 to 20, or preferably gear wheel 12 is arranged on drill bit wing 21, as shown in Figure 21,22.Preferably at least one tooth On wheel 12, partly or entirely gear ring position corresponds each annular blank tape, in Figure 19-20, each gear ring on the gear wheel 12 of Double gear-ring It is corresponding with 2 annular blank tapes respectively, and the gear wheel 12 of three gear rings is then staggered with 2 annular blank tapes.Preferably, on drill bit One or several gear wheels 12 are provided with, the tooth overlay area of 1 gear wheel 12 of wherein at least includes the annular blank tape in shaft bottom, And the tooth overlay area of at least one gear wheel is comprising the region beyond the annular blank tape of part shaft bottom, as shown in Figure 17,18.Or Person, is provided with least one gear wheel 12 on drill bit, the gear wheel cutting tooth 33 on the gear wheel is arranged in beyond annular blank tape Well bottom zone, as shown in figure 23.

Preferred embodiment of the present utility model is the foregoing is only, it is not to limit this utility model, all at this Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of utility model etc., should be included in this utility model Protection domain within.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of diamond bit, including drill body, and several wings of drill body are extended from, arrange on wing There is cutting element, it is characterised in that：With at least one annular blank tape for surrounding bit central on drill bit, and annular blank Each wing with position concaves, and forms the groove of circumferential insertion.

2. diamond bit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Annular blank region is provided with the second cutting unit Part.

3. diamond bit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Second cutting element is arranged on the side wall of wing groove And/or top.

4. diamond bit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：Second cutting element is fixed cutting tooth, and/or energy There is the motion cutting element of relative motion with drill body, there are on motion cutting element one or more cutting tooths.

5. diamond bit as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Motion cutting element is phase can occur with drill body To the cutting element for sliding.

6. diamond bit as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Motion cutting element is phase can occur with drill body To the gear wheel for rotating, the gear ring being made up of several cutting tooths on gear wheel, is provided with.

7. diamond bit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：One or several gear wheels are provided with drill bit, its The tooth overlay area of middle at least one gear wheel is included comprising shaft bottom annular blank tape, and the tooth overlay area of at least one gear wheel Region beyond the annular blank tape of part shaft bottom.

8. diamond bit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：At least one gear wheel is provided with drill bit, the gear wheel On cutting tooth be arranged in the well bottom zone beyond annular blank tape.

9. diamond bit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Annular blank tape on drill bit be located at drill bit four/ Radius are radially with exterior domain.

10. diamond bit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Annular blank bandwidth W span on drill bit For R/3 >=W >=3mm, R is drill bit radius.

11. diamond bits as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：What the annular blank tape on drill bit was formed in shaft bottom The depth-width ratio of phacolith is not less than 0.5.

12. diamond bits as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cutting element arranged on wing is impregnated cutting Element.

13. diamond bits as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The fixed cutting tooth of the second cutting element is circle The combination of tooth, oval tooth, conical tooth, chisel teeth, hemi-spherical ended shape insert etc. or various profiles of tooth.

14. diamond bits as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The fixed cutting tooth of the second cutting element is multiple for PDC Close piece, TSP cutting tooth, natural diamond cutting tooth, impregnated Adamas cutting tooth, carbide cutting tooth, Cubic boron nitride cutting tooth, ceramic cutting tooth, the cutting tooth comprising diamond or cubic boron nitride.

15. diamond bits as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Recess sidewall at least 1 side wheel profile and drill bit shaft Line is not parallel.