CN206094975U - Utilize device of aluminium cell cogeneration - Google Patents
Utilize device of aluminium cell cogeneration Download PDFInfo
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- CN206094975U CN206094975U CN201620921748.XU CN201620921748U CN206094975U CN 206094975 U CN206094975 U CN 206094975U CN 201620921748 U CN201620921748 U CN 201620921748U CN 206094975 U CN206094975 U CN 206094975U
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- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- heat
- water
- steam
- aluminium
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014171 carbonated beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The utility model discloses an utilize device of aluminium cell cogeneration, the utility model discloses a water is the medium, retrieves the low level heat energy that the aluminium electroloysis in -process produced through the direct current heat transfer for produce steam electric power. The utility model discloses an arrange at electrolytic aluminum flue gas branch pipe that vertical tubular heat exchanger retrieves the flue gas waste heat, retrieve the lateral wall heat dissipation through put cyclic annular heat absorption pipe at aluminium cell side wall cloth, arrange evaporimeter, the sensible heat and the radiant heat on accumulator top at the aluminium cell top. The utility model discloses equipment structure is simple, does not change original structure of aluminium cell, and hot recovery efficiency is high, and the electrolytic aluminum exhaust gas volumn reduces more than 60%, every ton of aluminium 300~400kWh that can economize on electricity, and the energy saving and emission reduction effect is showing, simple process, the small investment, the working costs is low.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to one kind and reclaims residual heat of aluminum reduction cell, Lowlevel thermal energy is converted into into the device of electric energy, to reach
To the purpose of energy-conservation, belong to field of energy utilization.
Background technology
Aluminium is one of maximum staple commodities of global trading volume.2014, China's Aluminum yield increased by 14% on a year-on-year basis, creates
28300000 tons the new highest record in history, export abroad amount is also being increased sharply, China become in the world maximum Aluminum Electrolysis Production state and
Country of consumption.
Aluminum Electrolysis Production needs to consume the substantial amounts of energy, often produces one ton of 12200～1450kWh of aluminum consumption, electrolytic aluminium row
Industry is genuine industrial consumption energy rich and influential family.In China, aluminum electrolysis industry is even more high energy consumption industry, and compared with foreign countries, China is every
Ton Aluminum Electrolysis Production cost is typically high 2000 yuan than foreign countries.
Energy-saving is that aluminum electrolysis industry is increased economic efficiency, meets the fundamental solution of market challenges, and energy-saving and emission-reduction are enterprises
The bounden financial responsibility of industry and social responsibility.Country has formulated related measure to guiding, and annual per GDP energy is realized in plan
Consumption reduces by 4%.By aluminium cell produce low-temperature flue gas waste heat be incorporated into energy resource system, it is possible to achieve low-grade energy it is efficient
Utilize, to enterprise economical and environmentally friendly double benefit is brought.
China's aluminium electrolytic industry was mainly with the self-roasting tank's production technology for introducing the Soviet Union before twentieth century seventies
Main, efficiency is low, high energy consumption, operation fall behind and seriously polluted.After the eighties, aluminium cell is on the basis of Importing Foreign Advanced Technology
On, Jing is digested and assimilated and experimental study, from small to large, maximization device, the such as prebaked cell for aluminum-reduction of 400kA has been formed,
Thoroughly solve traditional aluminium cell with self-baking anode and there is the technical barriers such as harmful smoke and dust treatment environmental protection, mechanization, automation,
And achieve that aluminum electrolysis are energy-efficient and the good result such as reduce investment outlay, and thus form domestic aluminium electrolytic industry compared with
For advanced pre-baking tank equipment Technology and complete technology development system, at present, China's aluminum electrolysis process and equipment technology
Reach advanced world standards.400kA electrolytic cells have jumbo distinguishing feature, and large scale electrolytic cell is established for UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN
Good basis.
Lowlevel thermal energy with water as medium, by heat exchange steam is produced by the utility model, and steam passes through turbine generators
Group generates electricity, and electricity returns electrolgtic aluminium electric system.From for separate unit electrolytic cell, the heat energy of recovery is simultaneously few, but large-scale aluminium manufacturer installs
Quantity is more, such as the aluminium enterprise of 335kt, if flue gas heat recovery, is equipped with that 12～15Mw generating sets are a set of, and year generates electricity
Amount is up to 10000～110,000,000 kWh, and generated energy is considerable.
The content of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide the device that a kind of utilization residual heat of aluminum reduction cell generates electricity, and will produce in aluminium electrolysis process
Raw Lowlevel thermal energy produces steam by heat exchange, and steam is generated electricity by turbine power generation unit, and electricity returns electrolgtic aluminium electric system,
To reach the purpose of energy-conservation.Its principle is with water as medium, by interim heat exchange from low to high in the way of direct current, by water
The steam of power is converted into, then steam is converted into into electric energy by turbine.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions：
The device that a kind of utilization residual heat of aluminum reduction cell generates electricity, including：Aluminium cell 1, boiler water-feeding device 2, measuring pump 3,
Ring-type heat dump 4, evaporimeter 5, steam-water separator 6, main steam range 7, condensing steam turbine generating set 8, flue gas arm 9,
Flue butterfly valve 10, flue gas house steward 11, water regulating valve 12, flue gas purification system 13, flue gas heat-exchange unit 14；
Boiler water-feeding device 2 is connected by measuring pump 3 with flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, and water regulating valve 12 is provided with by measuring pump 3,
Water regulating valve 12 is the Liquid level water regulating valve of steam-water separator 6；Ring-type heat dump 4 abuts the side wall ring of aluminium cell 1
Shape arranges that flue gas heat-exchange unit 14 is connected by pipeline with ring-type heat dump 4, and ring-type heat dump 4 is connected by pipeline with evaporimeter 5
Connect, evaporimeter 5 is arranged on the top of aluminium cell 1, evaporimeter 5 is connected by pipeline with steam-water separator 6, and steam-water separator 6 leads to
Cross main steam range 7 to be connected with condensing steam turbine generating set 8；
Aluminium cell 1 is connected by flue gas arm 9 with flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, and flue gas arm 9 is provided with flue butterfly valve 10；Cigarette
Gas heat exchanger 14 is connected by flue gas house steward 11 with flue gas purification system 13.
Preferably, flue gas heat-exchange unit 14 is vertical tubular heat exchanger.
Operation principle of the present utility model：The flue gas that aluminium cell 1 is discharged, by flue gas arm 9 from flue gas heat-exchange unit 14
Top manage into flue gas heat-exchange unit 14 in, flue gas arm 9 is provided with flue butterfly valve 10, for controlling flue gas flow, flue gas stream
Measure as 2000-3000Nm3/ h, flue gas by flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, is carried out after heat exchange from flue gas heat-exchange unit 14 from top to bottom
Bottom is discharged, and upwardly through flue gas house steward 11 cleaning system 13 is entered；
Measuring pump 3 pulls water out and is forced into 0.9～1.0MPa from boiler water-feeding device 2, sends into flue gas heat-exchange unit 14
Bottom is entered between the pipe of flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, and inflow is controlled for 160 by the Liquid level water regulating valve 12 of steam-water separator 6
～170L/h；Water passes through from bottom to up flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, using the heat of flue gas offer by water temp. heating to 100～110 DEG C,
Then water is passed through into ring-type heat dump 4, ring-type heat dump 4 is arranged against the sidewall annular of aluminium cell 1, using aluminum cell side wall
Water temp. heating is again passed through water to 150～160 DEG C, then heat the evaporimeter 5 for being placed in aluminium cell headroom, using groove
Top heat, generates water, vapour mixture and enters steam-water separator 6, and aqueous water and steam are separated, and 0.8MPa steam is sent to condensing
Steam turbine generating set 8 generates electricity, and the electricity for sending returns electrolgtic aluminium electric system, and condensed water is returned is used as boiler feedwater.
Advantage of the present utility model and effect：
1st, the flue-gas temperature that aluminium cell is discharged is 100～110 DEG C, and its Lowlevel thermal energy is exchanged heat using vertical tubular heat exchanger
Mode carries out heat exchange and makes boiler feedwater obtain heat.Vertical tubular heat exchanger its effect has two：（1）Heat exchange is acted on：Boiler
Feedwater by between pipe, drawing the heat in flue gas, boiler feed temperature is improved to 100～110 DEG C from normal temperature from bottom to up；
（2）Dustproof function：Flue gas is swerved and is upwardly into gas cleaning system from top to bottom by pipe, discharging from bottom
System, flue dust is discharged with gravity sedimentation in ash bucket, and inner flue gas of the stove dust Jing after vertical tubular heat exchanger reduces by 30%.
2nd, Jing after carbon silicon insulating brick, steel plate hull-skin temperature is up to 300～350 DEG C to aluminum cell side wall, this part heat waste
Dephasing, using the endothermic tube against sidewall annular arrangement, draws the radiating of sidepiece when big, by boiler feed temperature from 100～110
DEG C it is increased to 150～160 DEG C or so；
3rd, aluminium cell medium melt temperature is 945～950 DEG C, and top investing temperature is up to 700 DEG C, what anode was separated out
CO2Gas substantial amounts of sensible heat is taken out of by crust, crust has larger heat with anode cover board space, is evaporated using groove top
Device, draws the sensible heat and radiant heat on groove top, and boiler feedwater is flashed to into the water vapour of 0.8MPa；
4th, boiler feedwater is direct cooling water supply mode, with the Liquid level runoff investigation valve regulation boiler feed water of steam-water separator
Amount；
5th, flue removed flue gas are adjusted with flue butterfly valve, in the case where operation is not affected, exhaust gas volumn is reduced as far as possible, cigarette
Tolerance is lower, and the heat of recovery is more, and exhaust gas volumn is at least than using reduction more than 60% before the utility model；
6th, in order to generate electricity, steam turbine generation unit adopts condensing more, and condensed water is returned is used as boiler feedwater, reduces pot
Stove water-suppling treatment equipment and cost；
7th, reclaim the hot device structure of low level simple, do not change the original structure of aluminium cell, add on original structure and change
Hot equipment, transformation implements easy, does not affect operation and overhaul of the equipments；
8th, exhaust gas volumn reduces more than 60%, and dry purifying system at least reduces a set of, can economize on electricity 1300～15,000,000 every year
KWh, aluminium power consumption per ton reduces by 40～50kWh；
9th, electrolytic aluminum smoke and cell sidewall are collected into utilization, the Lowlevel thermal energy produced in aluminium electrolysis process is turned
Turn to the higher electric energy of added value, heat classification is reclaimed, and heat recovery efficiency is higher, substantially, aluminium per ton can economize on electricity 300 to energy-saving effect
～400kWh, makes aluminium specific energy consumption reach advanced level.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model schematic diagram；
In figure：1- aluminium cells, 2- boiler water-feeding devices, 3- measuring pumps, 4- ring-type heat dumps, 5- evaporimeters, 6- carbonated drinks
Separator, 7- main steam ranges, 8- condensing steam turbine generating sets, 9- flue gas arms, 10- flue butterfly valves, 11- flue gases are total
Pipe, 12- water regulating valves, 13- flue gas purification systems, 14- flue gas heat-exchange units.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the utility model protection domain
It is not limited to described below content.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, the device that a kind of utilization residual heat of aluminum reduction cell generates electricity, including：Aluminium cell 1, boiler water-feeding device
2nd, measuring pump 3, ring-type heat dump 4, evaporimeter 5, steam-water separator 6, main steam range 7, condensing steam turbine generating set 8,
Flue gas arm 9, flue butterfly valve 10, flue gas house steward 11, water regulating valve 12, flue gas purification system 13, flue gas heat-exchange unit 14；
Boiler water-feeding device 2 is connected by measuring pump 3 with flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, and water regulating valve 12 is provided with by measuring pump 3,
Water regulating valve 12 is the Liquid level water regulating valve of steam-water separator 6；Ring-type heat dump 4 abuts the side wall ring of aluminium cell 1
Shape arranges that flue gas heat-exchange unit 14 is connected by pipeline with ring-type heat dump 4, and ring-type heat dump 4 is connected by pipeline with evaporimeter 5
Connect, evaporimeter 5 is arranged on the top of aluminium cell 1, evaporimeter 5 is connected by pipeline with steam-water separator 6, and steam-water separator 6 leads to
Cross main steam range 7 to be connected with condensing steam turbine generating set 8；
Aluminium cell 1 is connected by flue gas arm 9 with flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, and flue gas arm 9 is provided with flue butterfly valve 10；Cigarette
Gas heat exchanger 14 is connected by flue gas house steward 11 with flue gas purification system 13.The enterprise of aluminium 300kt/a scales, 400kA types aluminium electricity
288 sets of groove of solution, feed pressure is 1.0MPa, and flow is 170L/h, is respectively enterd between the pipe of every set flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, absorbs heat
Temperature rises to 100～110 DEG C after amount, into ring-type heat dump 4 draw water temperature after the radiating of aluminum cell side wall rise to 150～
160 DEG C, subsequently into the evaporimeter 5 of electrolytic cell headroom, using groove top heat, water, vapour mixture are generated into carbonated drink point
From device 6, water droplet and steam are separated, obtain 0.8MPa saturated vapors, come together in main steam range 7, steam total amount is 40t/h,
15Mw condensing steam turbines generating set is driven to generate electricity, the electricity for sending returns electricity system.
The flue gas that aluminium cell 1 is discharged, from the pipe that flue gas arm 9 enters flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, flue gas arm 9 is provided with
Flue butterfly valve 10, controls flue gas flow for 3000Nm3Heat passed to and discharged from bottom after water by/h, flue gas, Jing flue gases house steward 11
Into cleaning system 13.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 1, the device that a kind of utilization residual heat of aluminum reduction cell generates electricity, including：Aluminium cell 1, boiler water-feeding device
2nd, measuring pump 3, ring-type heat dump 4, evaporimeter 5, steam-water separator 6, main steam range 7, condensing steam turbine generating set 8,
Flue gas arm 9, flue butterfly valve 10, flue gas house steward 11, water regulating valve 12, flue gas purification system 13, flue gas heat-exchange unit 14；
Boiler water-feeding device 2 is connected by measuring pump 3 with flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, and water regulating valve 12 is provided with by measuring pump 3,
Water regulating valve 12 is the Liquid level water regulating valve of steam-water separator 6；Ring-type heat dump 4 abuts the side wall ring of aluminium cell 1
Shape arranges that flue gas heat-exchange unit 14 is connected by pipeline with ring-type heat dump 4, and ring-type heat dump 4 is connected by pipeline with evaporimeter 5
Connect, evaporimeter 5 is arranged on the top of aluminium cell 1, evaporimeter 5 is connected by pipeline with steam-water separator 6, and steam-water separator 6 leads to
Cross main steam range 7 to be connected with condensing steam turbine generating set 8；
Aluminium cell 1 is connected by flue gas arm 9 with flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, and flue gas arm 9 is provided with flue butterfly valve 10；Cigarette
Gas heat exchanger 14 is connected by flue gas house steward 11 with flue gas purification system 13.
Flue gas heat-exchange unit 14 is vertical tubular heat exchanger.
The enterprise of aluminium 200kt/a scales, 255 sets of 300kA types aluminium cell, feed pressure is 0.9MPa, and flow is 160L/
H, respectively enters between the pipe of every set flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, absorbs temperature after heat and rises to 100～110 DEG C, into ring-type heat absorption
Device 4 draws water temperature after the radiating of aluminum cell side wall and rises to 150～160 DEG C, subsequently into the evaporimeter of electrolytic cell headroom
5, using groove top heat, generate water, vapour mixture and enter steam-water separator 6, water droplet and steam are separated, obtain 0.8MPa saturations
Steam, comes together in main steam range 7, and steam total amount is 35t/h, drives 12Mw condensing steam turbines generating set to generate electricity, and sends out
The electricity for going out returns electricity system.
The flue gas that aluminium cell 1 is discharged, from the pipe that flue gas arm 9 enters flue gas heat-exchange unit 14, flue gas arm 9 is provided with
Flue butterfly valve 10, controls flue gas flow for 2000Nm3Heat passed to and discharged from bottom after water by/h, flue gas, Jing flue gases house steward 11
Into cleaning system 13.
Claims (6)
1. the device that a kind of utilization residual heat of aluminum reduction cell generates electricity, including：Aluminium cell（1）, boiler water-feeding device（2）, measuring pump
（3）, ring-type heat dump（4）, evaporimeter（5）, steam-water separator（6）, main steam range（7）, turbine power generation unit, flue gas arm
（9）, flue gas house steward（11）, water regulating valve（12）, flue gas purification system（13）, flue gas heat-exchange unit（14）；
Boiler water-feeding device（2）By measuring pump（3）With flue gas heat-exchange unit（14）Connection, measuring pump（3）Side is provided with runoff investigation
Valve（12）, water regulating valve（12）For steam-water separator（6）Liquid level water regulating valve；Ring-type heat dump（4）Against aluminium
Electrolytic cell（1）Sidewall annular arrangement, flue gas heat-exchange unit（14）By pipeline and ring-type heat dump（4）Connection, ring-type heat dump（4）
By pipeline and evaporimeter（5）Connection, evaporimeter（5）It is arranged on aluminium cell（1）Top, evaporimeter（5）By pipeline and vapour
Separator（6）Connection, steam-water separator（6）By main steam range（7）With turbine power generation unit（8）Connection；
Aluminium cell（1）By flue gas arm（9）With flue gas heat-exchange unit（14）Connection, flue gas arm（9）It is provided with flue butterfly valve
（10）；Flue gas heat-exchange unit（14）By flue gas house steward（11）With flue gas purification system（13）Connection.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that flue gas heat-exchange unit（14）For vertical tubular heat exchanger.
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that flue gas arm（9）It is provided with flue butterfly valve（10）.
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that measuring pump（3）Side is provided with water regulating valve（12）.
5. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the water regulating valve（12）For steam-water separator（6）'s
Liquid level water regulating valve.
6. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that turbine generators is condensation steam turbine generator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620921748.XU CN206094975U (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Utilize device of aluminium cell cogeneration |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620921748.XU CN206094975U (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Utilize device of aluminium cell cogeneration |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN206094975U true CN206094975U (en) | 2017-04-12 |
Family
ID=58469785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620921748.XU Expired - Fee Related CN206094975U (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Utilize device of aluminium cell cogeneration |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN206094975U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111396164A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳大学 | System and method for recycling waste heat of side wall of electrolytic aluminum cell |
| CN113587662A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-02 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminum cell waste heat recycling system and aluminum electrolysis system |
-
2016
- 2016-08-23 CN CN201620921748.XU patent/CN206094975U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111396164A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳大学 | System and method for recycling waste heat of side wall of electrolytic aluminum cell |
| CN113587662A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-11-02 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminum cell waste heat recycling system and aluminum electrolysis system |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |