CN205506673U - A continuously adjustable length test chamber that is used for optical cavity to decline swinging spectral technique - Google Patents

A continuously adjustable length test chamber that is used for optical cavity to decline swinging spectral technique Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205506673U
CN205506673U CN201620100253.0U CN201620100253U CN205506673U CN 205506673 U CN205506673 U CN 205506673U CN 201620100253 U CN201620100253 U CN 201620100253U CN 205506673 U CN205506673 U CN 205506673U
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China
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cavity
tube
external
ring
sealing ring
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CN201620100253.0U
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Chinese (zh)
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张玥
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Beijing Renmu Science And Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Renmu Science And Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The utility model discloses an intracavity fully adjustable's a continuously adjustable length test chamber that is used for optical cavity to decline swinging spectral technique, measurement and feedback through the accuracy, and the accurate braking system that feeds, accurate relative displacement between the realization inner chamber that test chamber contained pipe and the external -cavity tube, thereby realize the inside length adjustment of cavity, thereby it measures multiple spectrum and is separated by very far to realize a cavity, the different gas of absorption intensity, to every kind of gas, is concentration measurement scope coverability from 1 10 8 to 2%.

Description

Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology
Technical field
This utility model relates to the test chamber in a kind of cavity ring down spectroscopy technology field, tool Body relates to a kind of continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology.
Background technology
Cavity ring down spectroscopy technology (hereinafter referred to as CRDS technology) is a kind of high-sensitive suction Receive spectral technique, be commonly used as Trace gas detection and lens reflecting rate is measured.
The History Origin of CRDS technology was in 1961, and Jackson was by by changing at that time Enter Fabry-Perot-type cavity and add certainty of measurement.1973, Kastler measured one After beam pulse light enters Fabry-Perot-type cavity, due to the reflection loss of minute surface, behind chamber The signal with exponential damping detected.1980, along with the innovation of coating technique, mirror Face reflectance constantly improves, and conventional art has been extremely difficult to wanting of albedo measurement Asking, Herbelin uses optics cavity phase-shifting technique to be accurately obtained specular reflectivity. 1984, Anderson proposed to use cavity attenuation and vibration technique to measure specular reflectivity first. By 1988, O ' Keefe and Deacon proposed CRDS technology first, and With pulse laser measure O2 at 630nm Absorption Line, but due to pulse swash Light device live width width, frequency stability is poor, measures the resolution obtained the lowest.1996 D.Romanini proposes CRDS technology based on continuous wave laser, based on swashing continuously The high-repetition-rate of light device, high stability and low noise, substantially increase detection sensitivity.
According to langbobier law, when the light that a beam intensity is I0 is through GAS ABSORPTION medium Time, intensity can decay due to the absorption of medium, and the transmitted intensity detected will subtract Little, and light path is the biggest, and intensity reduces the most obvious.Absorption spectroscopy techniques is through Compare initial beam intensity and the variation relation of transmitted light intensity thus be finally inversed by absorbing medium Concentration.Cavity ring down spectroscopy technology, by using two panels high reflective mirror as optics cavity, is incited somebody to action Absorption light path is greatly increased, thus adds detectivity, after light enters optics cavity Roundtrip between two high reflective mirrors, reflecting each time all can be due to absorbing medium Absorbing and decay, the transmission light behind chamber will present the form of exponential damping, by measuring Obtain the absorbing medium concentration of intracavity the die-away time of transmitted light intensity.Can from above procedure To find out, being different from other spectral techniques, what cavity ring down spectroscopy technology was measured is light Strong time response rather than strength characteristics, so the fluctuating of light intensity is for measuring Not impact, thus the dependence to laser light source stable has reduced.
Chamber length has important function in cavity ring down spectroscopy technology, needs in the design phase By adjusting chamber length to determine the chamber long value being suitable for specific tested gas.Prior art In mostly use the test chamber of regular length, after having designed, be directed to regular length The kind of its tested gas of test chamber and the dynamic range of measurement all can be by selected The restriction of chamber length, it is impossible to extend flexibly, and the test chamber of chamber length can be regulated also There is a lot of weak point, especially its sealing property and do not reach use requirement, often Cause the deficiency of using effect.
For above-mentioned reasons, existing test chamber technology has been done and has deeply been ground by the present inventor Study carefully, in order to design the test chamber that can solve the problem that the problems referred to above.
Utility model content
In order to overcome the problems referred to above, present inventor has performed and study with keen determination, design one The continuously adjustabe length testing for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology of intracavity adjustable in length Chamber, is measured and feedback by accurate, and accurate feeding brakes, it is achieved Accurate relative displacement between lumen tube and external-cavity tube that test chamber is comprised, thus real The inner length regulation of existing cavity, thus complete this utility model.
Specifically, the purpose of this utility model be provide following aspect:
(1) a kind of continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology, It is characterized in that, this test chamber includes lumen tube 1 and the external-cavity tube that can relatively slide 2。
(2) according to continuously may be used for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology described in above-mentioned (1) Adjust length testing chamber, it is characterised in that keep between described lumen tube 1 and external-cavity tube 2 Seal.
(3) according to continuously may be used for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology described in above-mentioned (1) Adjust length testing chamber, it is characterised in that open in described lumen tube 1 and/or external-cavity tube 2 It is provided with air inlet and/or gas outlet.
(4) according to continuously may be used for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology described in above-mentioned (1) Adjust length testing chamber, it is characterised in that be provided with in lumen tube 1 and/or external-cavity tube 2 Optical element for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology.
(5) according to continuously may be used for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology described in above-mentioned (1) Adjust length testing chamber, it is characterised in that outside described lumen tube 1 and/or external-cavity tube 2 It is additionally provided with for controlling, measure described lumen tube 1 and/or the control of external-cavity tube 2 motion Assembly.
(6) according to continuously may be used for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology described in above-mentioned (5) Adjust length testing chamber, it is characterised in that described control assembly include actuator 4, Driver element 5, measuring unit 6 and control unit 7.
(7) according to one of above-mentioned (1)-(6) Suo Shu for cavity ring-down spectroscopy skill The continuously adjustabe length testing chamber of art, it is characterised in that in described lumen tube 1 with outer Sealing unit 3 it is provided with between lumen 2.
(8) according to continuously may be used for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology described in above-mentioned (7) Adjust length testing chamber, it is characterised in that described sealing unit 3 includes the first sealing ring 31 and second sealing ring 32, described first sealing ring 31 and the second sealing ring 32 are all in ring Shape, its cross section is all the U-shaped of one end open;
Preferably, on the first sealing ring 31 outside described lumen tube 1 or external-cavity tube 2 Trapezoidal groove 33 it is provided with, near described lumen tube 1 on the second sealing ring 32 on wall Or on the outer wall of external-cavity tube 2, it is provided with trapezoidal groove 33.
(9) according to continuously may be used for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology described in above-mentioned (8) Adjust length testing chamber, it is characterised in that at the first sealing ring 31 and the second sealing ring 32 Opening in be all embedded with the support member for outwards supportting big described U-shaped opening;
Preferably, the support member being embedded at the opening of the first sealing ring 31 is convex Hold-down ring 34, the support member that the opening at the second sealing ring 32 is embedded in is V-type Spring 35.
(10) according to one of above-mentioned (7)-(9) Suo Shu for cavity ring-down spectroscopy The continuously adjustabe length testing chamber of technology, it is characterised in that described sealing unit 3 is pacified It is contained on lumen tube 1 and/or external-cavity tube 2;
Preferably, described sealing unit have one or two or multiple;
It is highly preferred that offer for accommodating in described lumen tube 1 and/or external-cavity tube 2 The cannelure of described sealing unit.
This utility model is had the advantage that to include:
(1) continuous for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology provided according to this utility model Adjustable-length test chamber has control assembly, drives lumen tube or outer by controlling assembly Lumen so that the chamber length of test chamber can need increase with flexible according to test Chamber is long with shortening.
(2) continuous for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology provided according to this utility model Adjustable-length test chamber is long by the chamber of regulation test chamber so that single test chamber is suitable for Measurement in variety classes gas concentration.
(3) continuous for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology provided according to this utility model Adjustable-length test chamber is long by the chamber of regulation test chamber, adds the dynamic model of measurement Enclose.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrate according to a kind of preferred implementation of this utility model for optical cavity ring-down The continuously adjustabe length testing cavity configuration schematic diagram of spectral technique;
Fig. 2 illustrate separately plant according to this utility model preferred implementation for optical cavity ring-down The continuously adjustabe length testing cavity configuration schematic diagram of spectral technique
Fig. 3 illustrate separately plant according to this utility model preferred implementation for optical cavity ring-down The sealing unit structural representation in the continuously adjustabe length testing chamber of spectral technique
Fig. 4 illustrate plant again according to this utility model preferred implementation for optical cavity ring-down The continuously adjustabe length testing cavity configuration schematic diagram of spectral technique
Fig. 5 illustrate according to a kind of preferred implementation of this utility model for optical cavity ring-down The concrete structure schematic diagram in the continuously adjustabe length testing chamber of spectral technique.
Drawing reference numeral illustrates:
1-lumen tube
2-external-cavity tube
3-sealing unit
31-the first sealing ring
32-the second sealing ring
33-trapezoidal groove
34-convex hold-down ring
35-V type spring
4-actuator
5-driver element
6-measuring unit
7-control unit
8-drive block
9-chamber mirror
10-piezoelectric ceramics
11-invar column sleeve
Detailed description of the invention
Below by drawings and Examples, this utility model is further described.Pass through These explanations, feature of the present utility model and advantage will become more apparent from clearly.
The most special word " exemplary " means " as example, embodiment or explanation Property ".The here as any embodiment illustrated by " exemplary " should not necessarily be construed as being better than Or it is better than other embodiments.Although the various aspects of embodiment shown in the drawings, But unless otherwise indicated, it is not necessary to accompanying drawing drawn to scale.
The continuously adjustabe for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology provided according to this utility model Length testing chamber, as shown in fig. 1, this test chamber includes the inner chamber that can relatively slide Pipe 1 and external-cavity tube 2, described lumen tube 1 and external-cavity tube 2 are internal all has enough making a reservation for Space, in order to place miscellaneous part, as preferred embodiment, lumen tube 1 Approximating with the profile of external-cavity tube 2, size is slightly different, outside lumen tube one end is embedded into In lumen, the two can mutually slide, and reaches length-adjustable effect.Preferably, Described lumen tube 1 and external-cavity tube 2 all use the invar material system with low coefficient of thermal expansion Standby, on the end face of lumen tube 1 and external-cavity tube 2, design is equipped with the invar column sleeve of hollow 11, the most preferably, the invar column sleeve of external-cavity tube 2 studs with piezoelectric ceramics 10, Fine setting for chamber mirror.
In one preferred embodiment, keep close between described lumen tube and external-cavity tube Envelope, it is preferable that be provided with sealing unit 3 between lumen tube and external-cavity tube, with reality Existing sealing between lumen tube and external-cavity tube, it addition, in order to lumen tube and external-cavity tube it Between slide convenient, be the most also placed with lubricating system and lubriation material.
In one preferred embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2,3,4, described sealing Unit 3 includes the first sealing ring 31 and the second sealing ring 32, described first sealing ring 31 With the second sealing ring 32 the most in the form of a ring, its cross section is all the U-shaped of one end open;
It is further preferred that if Fig. 2 is shown, the U-shaped open interior of described sealing ring Size is uneven, and it is gradually increased from inside to outside, has certain gradient;This Sealing ring described in utility model refers to the first sealing ring 31 and the second sealing ring 32.
Preferably, on the first sealing ring 31 outside described lumen tube 1 or external-cavity tube 2 Trapezoidal groove 33 it is provided with, near described lumen tube 1 on the second sealing ring 32 on wall Or on the outer wall of external-cavity tube 2, it is provided with trapezoidal groove 33, the degree of depth of described trapezoidal groove Can change along with the deformation size of sealing ring.Described sealing ring is politef Sealing ring, i.e. this sealing ring are made up of politef, have certain elasticity.
In one preferred embodiment, at the first sealing ring 31 and the second sealing ring 32 Opening in be all embedded with the support member for outwards supportting big described U-shaped opening;
Preferably, the support member being embedded at the opening of the first sealing ring 31 is convex Hold-down ring 34, the support member that the opening at the second sealing ring 32 is embedded in is V-type Spring 35.Wherein, described convex hold-down ring 34 is not susceptible to deformation, can be by rigidity Higher material is made, and the described profile of convex hold-down ring 34 is opened with the U-shaped of sealing ring Mouth-shaped matches, and further, described convex hold-down ring 34 can move left and right; Specifically, convex hold-down ring 34 can be embedded in the U-shaped opening of described sealing ring, And can when the U-shaped opening of sealing ring is oppressed owing to having the predetermined gradient and Be forced out a segment distance, i.e. convex hold-down ring 34 can having ambient pressure when to Overhanging a segment distance, equally, under the effect of ambient pressure, described convex compresses Ring 34 can also move inward, and is i.e. pressed in the U-shaped opening of sealing ring;
Described V-type spring 35 has bigger elastic force, it is possible to greatest extent to outer support The U-shaped opening of described sealing ring.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, described first sealing ring 31 and the second sealing ring 32 Arranged in series, the i.e. first sealing ring 31 is consistent with the opening direction of the second sealing ring 32, Both facing to right side, and described first sealing ring is on a left side, and the second sealing ring is on the right side.
In one preferred embodiment, described sealing unit 3 is arranged on lumen tube 1 And/or on external-cavity tube 2;Preferably, described sealing unit have one or two or multiple;
It is highly preferred that as shown in Figure 4, described lumen tube 1 and/or external-cavity tube 2 are opened It is provided with the cannelure for accommodating described sealing unit.
Make pressure medium the highest according to the sealing unit that this utility model provides, seal peak Value stress is the biggest, it is achieved high pressure sealing.
In one preferred embodiment, described lumen tube and/or external-cavity tube are opened Be provided with air inlet and/or gas outlet, in order to regulation test chamber in air pressure, described in enter Air inlet pipe and escape pipe it is connected to, in order to control intracavity in QI KOU and gas outlet Gas componant.
In one preferred embodiment, it is provided with in lumen tube and/or external-cavity tube For the optical element of cavity ring down spectroscopy technology, described optical element includes chamber mirror etc. Can be with optical element in a lumen, in order to realize the measurement etc. of cavity ring-down spectroscopy Experimental implementation.Preferentially, as shown in Figure 5, described chamber mirror 9 is arranged on lumen tube End, is arranged on the invar column sleeve of hollow further, and described chamber mirror is for having height The plano-concave spherical reflector of reflectance, reflectance is more than 99.9%.
In one preferred embodiment, outside described lumen tube and/or external-cavity tube It is additionally provided with for controlling, measure described lumen tube and/or the control group of external-cavity tube motion Part, described control assembly include actuator 4, driver element 5, measuring unit 6, With control unit 7, according to the absorption line position of tested gas, absorption intensity and Required measurement scope, lumen tube and/or external-cavity tube are accurate under the drive controlling assembly Move to specify position.Preferentially, described actuator 4 includes air-float guide rail, Air cavity is had, after gas enters air cavity, between two guide pass between this guide rail two sides Form one layer of very thin gas mould, and gas mould thickness is held essentially constant constant.Air supporting is led Rail can make cavity obtain, without friction and vibrationless smooth movement, having error simultaneously Homogenization, it is ensured that high-precision relative motion between cavity.
It is further preferred that one of lumen tube or external-cavity tube is fixing, another one is passed through Drive block 8 links together with the slide block in actuator, and actuator 4 can use Guide rail leading screw in high precision, measuring unit 6 can use high accuracy grating scale, drives single Unit 5 accurate retarding machine and piezoelectric ceramics two parts with motor form and can adopt Coordinating accurate retarding machine with motor, motor coordinates accurate retarding machine for real Existing displacement coarse adjustment, piezoelectric ceramics is used for realizing micrometric displacement, can compensate and revise material Matter and mechanism defect and system non-linear;Control unit 7 can use embedded ARM microprocessor;The drive mechanism of guide rail leading screw can ensure lumen tube 1 and external-cavity tube 2 The axiality of motion;Grating scale can accurately be measured the length of displacement thus calculate in high precision Go out the measurement cavity length after adjusting;Motor coordinates accurate retarding machine and piezoelectric ceramics 10 designs that drive combined can be moved into, with para-position, the control and regulation that row is trickle;Embedded ARM microprocessor controls motor by the position data measuring grating scale feedback Rotate;As preferred embodiment, lumen tube can be made to fix, control external-cavity tube Mobile, it is possible to so that external-cavity tube is fixed, control lumen tube and move, it is also possible to control two Individual lumen moves simultaneously.
The continuously adjustabe length for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology that this utility model provides Test chamber can measure multiple different gas, these gases by using a cavity Spectrum a good distance off, and absorption intensity is different, and for every kind of gas, concentration is surveyed Weight range can cover from 1 × 10-8To 2%.
This utility model is had the advantage that to include:
(1) continuous for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology provided according to this utility model Adjustable-length test chamber has control assembly, drives lumen tube or outer by controlling assembly Lumen so that the chamber length of test chamber can need increase with flexible according to test Chamber is long with shortening.
(2) continuous for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology provided according to this utility model Adjustable-length test chamber is long by the chamber of regulation test chamber so that single test chamber is suitable for Measurement in variety classes gas concentration.
(3) continuous for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology provided according to this utility model Adjustable-length test chamber is long by the chamber of regulation test chamber, adds the dynamic model of measurement Enclose.
Above in association with preferred embodiment this utility model being illustrated, but These embodiments are only exemplary, only play illustrative effect.Basis at this On, this utility model can be carried out multiple replacement and improvement, these each fall within this reality With in novel protection domain.

Claims (10)

1. the continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology, it is characterised in that this test chamber includes lumen tube (1) and the external-cavity tube (2) that can relatively slide,
Keep between described lumen tube (1) and external-cavity tube (2) sealing,
It is provided with the optical element for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology in lumen tube (1) and/or external-cavity tube (2),
At the outside control assembly being additionally provided with for controlling, measure described lumen tube (1) and/or external-cavity tube (2) moves of described lumen tube (1) and/or external-cavity tube (2),
Sealing unit (3) it is provided with between described lumen tube (1) and external-cavity tube (2).
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that offer air inlet and/or gas outlet in described lumen tube (1) and/or external-cavity tube (2).
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control assembly includes actuator (4), driver element (5), measuring unit (6) and control unit (7).
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sealing unit (3) includes the first sealing ring (31) and the second sealing ring (32), the most in the form of a ring, its cross section is all the U-shaped of one end open for described first sealing ring (31) and the second sealing ring (32).
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the outer wall of the upper close described lumen tube (1) of the first sealing ring (31) or external-cavity tube (2) is provided with trapezoidal groove (33), the outer wall of the upper close described lumen tube (1) of the second sealing ring (32) or external-cavity tube (2) is provided with trapezoidal groove (33).
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in the opening of the first sealing ring (31) and the second sealing ring (32), be all embedded with the support member for outwards supportting big described U-shaped opening.
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the support member being embedded at the opening of the first sealing ring (31) is convex hold-down ring (34), and the support member that the opening at the second sealing ring (32) is embedded in is V-type spring (35).
8. according to the continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology one of claim 1-7 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that described sealing unit (3) is arranged on lumen tube (1) and/or external-cavity tube (2).
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described sealing unit have one or two or multiple.
Continuously adjustabe length testing chamber for cavity ring down spectroscopy technology the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that offer the cannelure for accommodating described sealing unit in described lumen tube (1) and/or external-cavity tube (2).
CN201620100253.0U 2015-02-13 2016-02-01 A continuously adjustable length test chamber that is used for optical cavity to decline swinging spectral technique Expired - Fee Related CN205506673U (en)

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CN201510081144 2015-02-13

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108627477A (en) * 2017-03-15 2018-10-09 中国计量科学研究院 A kind of optical cavity structure
CN116448718A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-07-18 河北子曰机械设备有限公司 Cavity ring-down tuning unit and cavity ring-down spectroscopy device
CN116660166A (en) * 2023-07-31 2023-08-29 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Gas cavity structure for cavity-assisted gas concentration measurement

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CN108444947A (en) * 2018-03-02 2018-08-24 湖北理工学院 A kind of CRDS devices of included wavelength calibration

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JPH1062335A (en) * 1996-08-14 1998-03-06 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Measurement cell of infrared gas analyzer
CN2385157Y (en) * 1998-10-19 2000-06-28 袁进军 High and medium pressure two-lip sealing ring
JP2014516405A (en) * 2011-03-25 2014-07-10 ユニバーシティ オブ ヴァージニア パテント ファウンデーション Cell design compatible with spectrometer
CN203880095U (en) * 2014-05-27 2014-10-15 北京裕泰行新材料科技有限公司 Pressure resisting type U-shaped spring energy accumulation lip-shaped sealing ring
CN104141792A (en) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-12 昆山禾信质谱技术有限公司 Sealing device based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy technology

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108627477A (en) * 2017-03-15 2018-10-09 中国计量科学研究院 A kind of optical cavity structure
CN116448718A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-07-18 河北子曰机械设备有限公司 Cavity ring-down tuning unit and cavity ring-down spectroscopy device
CN116448718B (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-12-05 河北子曰机械设备有限公司 Cavity ring-down tuning unit and cavity ring-down spectroscopy device
CN116660166A (en) * 2023-07-31 2023-08-29 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Gas cavity structure for cavity-assisted gas concentration measurement
CN116660166B (en) * 2023-07-31 2023-09-22 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Gas cavity structure for cavity-assisted gas concentration measurement

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Granted publication date: 20160824