CN205195644U - Integral automatic control of photovoltaic tracking system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integral automatic control of photovoltaic tracking system, including the casing, be provided with the MCU controller in the casing, the MCU controller is connected with acceleration formula angular transducer, communication interface, real -time clock, power conversion module, motor driver module respectively, and wherein acceleration formula angular transducer, communication interface, real -time clock, motor driver module all are connected with power conversion module. The utility model relates to an integral automatic control of photovoltaic tracking system is through integrated with acceleration formula angular transducer, MCU controller and motor driver module to with its integral installation at the motion part who trails the support, realize simultaneously detecting, control with carry out, avoided the complicated connection between each part, reduced complete equipment's cost, maintenance and the change of carrying out the part that can be convenient.

Description

An Integral Automatic Controller for Photovoltaic Tracking System

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation automatic tracking control, in particular to an integrated automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system.

Background technique

At present, the battery panel supports of solar photovoltaic power generation devices are mainly divided into two types: "fixed type" and "tracking type". Among them, since the "tracking" photovoltaic support can automatically adjust the light-receiving surface of the battery panel so that it is as perpendicular as possible to the direction of light, the power generation efficiency of the battery panel is relatively high.

The tracking photovoltaic support is mainly composed of two parts: "rotatable mechanical support" and "detection and control device". The control method is mainly divided into "optical detection method" and "astronomical calculation method". The optical detection method uses a photoelectric sensor to detect the orientation of the sun and realize tracking control. Although it is simple and cheap, its reliability is low. The astronomical calculation method calculates the incident angle of the sun through the longitude, latitude and time of the tracker's location, and uses the angle sensor to measure the actual attitude angle of the tracking bracket, and then calculates the deviation of the tracking angle through the controller, and then drives the actuator to control according to the deviation The measured attitude angle of the tracking bracket is consistent with the incident angle of sunlight to realize the tracking control of the sun. Since the tracking control of the astronomical calculation method is not affected by weather conditions and contamination of the optical probe, the reliability and applicability are higher.

A complete astronomical calculation method photovoltaic tracking system mainly includes three main components: sensors for angle detection, MCU controller for deviation calculation, motor driver for driving actuators, and auxiliary components such as power supply and communication interface.

At present, the angle detection sensor, controller and driver of the photovoltaic tracking bracket mainly adopt a separate structure. The angle sensor is installed on the bracket and transmits the measurement results to the controller through the cable. The controller completes the deviation calculation and then transmits the signal to the driver. The driver drives the motor to realize the attitude adjustment of the bracket. This structure makes the connection between the components complicated and difficult. high cost.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide an integrated automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system, which solves the problems of complicated signal connection, high manufacturing cost and inconvenient maintenance due to the separation of detection components and controller components in existing photovoltaic tracking systems.

The technical solution adopted by the utility model is that an integral automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system includes a casing, an MCU controller is arranged inside the casing, and the MCU controller is respectively connected with an acceleration type inclination sensor, a communication interface, and a real-time clock. , a power conversion module, and a motor drive module, wherein the acceleration type inclination sensor, the communication interface, the real-time clock, and the motor drive module are all connected to the power conversion module.

The utility model is also characterized in that:

The acceleration type inclination sensor adopts an inclination detection device based on multi-axis gravity acceleration measurement.

The housing is installed on the photovoltaic tracking bracket, and the housing changes posture with the movement of the bracket, and at the same time realizes the detection and control of the tilt angle of the bracket.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model is an integrated automatic controller of the photovoltaic tracking system, which integrates the acceleration type inclination sensor, the MCU controller and the motor drive module, and installs it integrally in the tracking system. The moving part of the bracket realizes detection, control and execution at the same time, avoiding the complicated connection between various parts, reducing the cost of the whole set of equipment, and making it easy to maintain and replace parts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the integrated automatic controller of the photovoltaic tracking system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the integrated automatic controller of the present invention on the polar axis tracking device;

Fig. 3 is the second installation diagram of the integrated automatic controller of the utility model on the polar axis tracking device;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat single-axis linkage tracking support;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the integrated automatic controller of the present invention on the flat single-axis linkage tracking bracket;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the integrated automatic controller of the present invention on the scale-type two-axis tracking device.

In the figure, 1. Housing, 101. MCU controller, 102. Acceleration type inclination sensor, 103. Communication interface, 104. Real-time clock, 105. Power conversion module, 106. Motor drive module, 2. Polar axis photovoltaic tracking Device, 3. Rotation angle drive mechanism, 4. Pitch angle drive mechanism, 5. Flat single-axis linkage photovoltaic tracking device, 6. Disk type center drive mechanism, 7. Horizontal drive motor, 8. Horizontal rotation drive arm, 9. Horizontal linkage rod, 10. Photovoltaic battery panel, 11. Horizontal linkage swing arm, 12. Horizontal rotation axis, 13. Scale-type dual-axis photovoltaic tracking device, 14. Pitch linkage lever.

detailed description

The utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The utility model is an integral automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system, as shown in Fig. 1, comprising a housing 1, an MCU controller 101 with calculation and control functions is arranged in the housing 1, and the MCU controller 101 is respectively connected with Acceleration type inclination sensor 102, communication interface 103, real time clock 104, power conversion module 105, motor drive module 106, wherein acceleration type inclination sensor 102, communication interface 103, real time clock 104, motor drive module 106 are all connected with power conversion module 105 .

Among them, the acceleration type inclination sensor adopts an inclination detection device based on multi-axis gravity acceleration measurement.

Wherein, the real-time clock 104 can either adopt an independent timing chip or be calculated and generated inside the controller.

All the above-mentioned modules are integrated inside the casing 1, and the casing 1 is installed on the photovoltaic tracking bracket to change its posture with the movement of the bracket to realize the detection of the tilt angle of the bracket.

The MCU controller 101 reads the acceleration measurement value of the acceleration type inclination sensor 102 and calculates the actual tilting attitude angle of the support. The acceleration type inclination sensor 102 adopts a multi-axis structure, and can simultaneously measure the pitch angle and the rotation angle of the tracking bracket. The MCU controller 101 reads the internal time of the real-time clock 104, and combines the fixed latitude and longitude setting values to calculate and obtain the position coordinates of the sun relative to the support, and the incident angle of the sun's rays. Then the MCU controller 101 calculates the control deviation according to the incident angle of the sun's rays and the actual measurement angle of the photovoltaic tracking bracket, and controls the motor drive module 106 to drive the motor to adjust the tilting attitude of the tracking bracket so that the sun's rays irradiate the photovoltaic tracking bracket vertically as much as possible. solar panels. The MCU controller 101 can also obtain the standard time from the external network through the communication interface 103 for calibrating the real-time clock inside the system. The power conversion module 105 is used to convert the externally input power supply into the power supply required by the various chips and components inside the controller. In addition to correcting the clock, the communication interface 103 can also exchange monitoring and setting data with an external monitoring system. All the electrical components mentioned above are designed on an integrated circuit device and integrated inside an integral housing 1 .

The utility model uses a multi-axis gravity acceleration type angle sensor to measure the attitude angle of the tracking bracket, and is suitable for flat single-axis photovoltaic tracking systems (including linkage flat single-axis) and oblique single-axis photovoltaic tracking systems that can completely measure the attitude of the bracket by using the gravity acceleration sensor. system (including linked oblique single-axis), polar-axis photovoltaic tracking system, scale-type dual-axis photovoltaic tracking system, etc. It is not suitable for photovoltaic tracking bracket systems that need to measure the horizontal rotation angle, such as column-type dual-axis and column-type single-axis.

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a plurality of photovoltaic panels 10 are installed on a polar-axis photovoltaic tracking device 2, and the tracking device has a rotation angle driving mechanism 3, which is used to drive the bracket to track the change of the azimuth angle of the sun. Simultaneously, the tracking device has a pitch angle driving mechanism 4, which is used to drive the support to track the variation of the elevation angle of the sun throughout the year. When the pitch angle driving mechanism is canceled to keep the pitch angle constant at a fixed angle, the polar axis photovoltaic tracking device degenerates into an oblique uniaxial photovoltaic tracking device.

The casing 1 of the integrated tracking controller is fixedly installed on the polar axis photovoltaic tracking device 2 and moves together with the tracking bracket. The housing 1 of the tracking controller adopts the built-in gravity acceleration type inclination sensor 102 to measure the normal direction of the battery panel on the polar axis photovoltaic tracking device or the oblique single axis photovoltaic tracking device, and after comparing with the incident light angle of the sun, the rotation angle driving mechanism 3 and the pitch angle driving mechanism 4, so that the normal direction of the battery panel can track the incident light angle of the sun as much as possible.

In this embodiment, the MCU controller 101 uses the microcontroller MC9S08DZ60 from Frescal Company, and the three-axis acceleration type inclination sensor 102 uses the MPU6050 chip. The MCU controller 101 reads the original acceleration and gyro signals and converts them into the pitch angle and roll angle of the tracking bracket. The communication interface 103 adopts RS485 interface, the chip adopts MAX485, and the communication protocol interface is MODBUS. The real-time clock chip 104 adopts DS1302 chip. The power conversion module 105 adopts the WRB2405ZP-3W power module of Jinshengyang Company. The tracking bracket is driven by a DC 24V motor, and the motor drive module 106 uses an MC33886 motor drive chip.

When the tracking bracket adopts the polar axis working mode, two motor drive modules 106 are required to drive the pitching and rotating mechanisms respectively; when the tracking bracket adopts the oblique single-axis working mode, only one motor driving module 106 is needed to drive the bracket rotating mechanism.

As time progresses, the incident angle of the sun's rays at the location of the tracking bracket changes constantly. The MCU controller 101 reads the time in the clock chip 104 chip DS1302, and calculates the real-time incident angle of the sun according to the astronomical algorithm. The MCU controller 101 reads the acceleration and gyro information in the acceleration type inclination sensor 102 chip MPU6050, calculates and obtains the actual attitude of the tracking bracket, and then outputs a control signal according to the deviation between the incident angle and the attitude angle, and drives the motor drive module 106 to drive the chip MC33886 to output The DC drive power drives the motor to adjust the posture of the tracking bracket to achieve the purpose of photovoltaic tracking.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 4, the flat single-axis linkage photovoltaic tracking device 5 is composed of a disc-type central drive mechanism 6 installed in the center of the array and multiple rows of horizontal rotating shafts 12. Photovoltaic panels 10 are installed on the horizontal rotating shafts 12 to rotate horizontally Axle 12 is connected together by horizontal linkage rod 9 and horizontal linkage swing arm 11.

As shown in FIG. 5 , when the disk drive mechanism 6 rotates under the drive of the horizontal drive motor 7 , the horizontal rotation drive arm 8 swings, and then drives the horizontal linkage rod 9 to realize the horizontal rotation of multiple rows of photovoltaic cell supports.

The housing 1 of the integral tracking controller is fixedly installed on the linkage swing arm 8 and moves with the swing arm. The tracking controller 1 measures the angle of the swing arm, and drives the horizontal drive motor 7 after comparing with the incident angle of the sun to realize the rotation angle of the horizontal tracking bracket.

In this embodiment, the power of the centralized linkage drive motor is relatively large, and a 220V AC power supply is used. The MCU controller 101 adopts the MC9S12DG128 micro-controller of frescal company, and the three-axis acceleration type inclination sensor 102 adopts the MPU6050 chip. The communication interface 103 adopts a power line carrier communication interface, and the main chip of the communication system adopts HL-PLCV3.0. Real-time clock 104 adopts DS1302 chip. The power conversion module 105 adopts a DC stabilized power supply composed of an AC transformer and 7805. The tracking bracket is driven by a 220V unidirectional AC motor, and the drive module uses a SAE4010D bidirectional thyristor device.

Example 3

The scale-type dual-axis photovoltaic tracking device 13 shown in Figure 6 has the same horizontal linkage swing arm 11 as the flat single-axis linkage photovoltaic tracking device 5. Driven by the horizontal linkage swing arm 11, the battery panel 10 can rotate around the horizontal The shaft 12 rotates horizontally for tracking the azimuth angle change of the sun. At the same time, the pitch angle driving mechanism 4 drives the battery board 10 on the bracket to adjust the pitch angle through the pitch linkage rod 14 . The casing 1 of the integrated tracking controller is installed on the battery board support and moves with the battery board 10 to measure the rotation angle and pitch angle of the battery board.

In the scale-type dual-axis photovoltaic tracking system, the linkage of different horizontal rotation axes is driven by a centralized disc-type center drive mechanism 6, and the entire centralized drive mechanism needs to be installed with an integral tracking controller. The linkage of the battery panels on each horizontal rotation axis is driven by the pitch angle drive mechanism 4, and each horizontal rotation axis also requires an integral tracking controller.

An integral controller installed on the centralized drive mechanism in this embodiment adopts a high-power AC motor. The MCU controller 101 adopts the MC9S12DG128 micro-controller of frescal company, and the three-axis acceleration type inclination sensor 102 adopts the MPU6050 chip. The communication interface 103 adopts a power line carrier communication interface, and the main chip of the communication system adopts HL-PLCV3.0. Real-time clock 104 adopts DS1302 chip. The power conversion module 105 adopts a DC stabilized power supply composed of an AC transformer and 7805. The tracking bracket is driven by a 220V unidirectional AC motor, and the motor drive module 106 is a SAE4010D bidirectional thyristor device.

In this embodiment, the pitch adjustment of the battery board 10 on each horizontal rotation axis 12 adopts a centralized controller respectively. The MCU controller 101 adopts the microcontroller MC9S08DZ60 of Frescal Company, and the three-axis acceleration type inclination sensor 102 adopts the MPU6050 chip. The controller 101 reads the original acceleration and gyro signals and converts them into pitch angles and roll angles of the tracking bracket. The communication interface 103 adopts RS485 interface, the chip adopts MAX485, and the communication protocol interface is MODBUS. The power conversion module 105 adopts the WRB2405ZP-3W power module of Jinshengyang Company. The tracking bracket is driven by a DC 24V motor, and the motor drive module 106 uses an MC33886 motor drive chip.

The utility model is an integrated automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system, which integrates an acceleration type inclination sensor, an MCU controller and a motor drive module, and installs it integrally on the moving part of the tracking bracket to simultaneously realize detection , control and execution, avoiding the complicated connection between various components, reducing the cost of the whole set of equipment, and allowing easy maintenance and replacement of components.

Claims (3)

1. An integrated automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system, characterized in that it comprises a housing (1), the housing (1) is provided with an MCU controller (101), and the MCU controller (101) is connected to an acceleration type inclination sensor (102), communication interface (103), real-time clock (104), power conversion module (105), motor drive module (106), wherein acceleration type inclination sensor (102), communication interface (103), real-time clock (104), the motor drive module (106) are all connected with the power conversion module (105). 2 . The integrated automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1 , wherein the acceleration type inclination sensor ( 102 ) adopts an inclination detection device based on multi-axis gravity acceleration measurement. 3 . 3. The integrated automatic controller of a photovoltaic tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the housing (1) is installed on the photovoltaic tracking bracket, and the housing (1) moves with the bracket And change the posture, and at the same time realize the detection and control of the tilt angle of the bracket.