CN205148009U - Complicated many touch rollers of blade abrasive belt grinding machine - Google Patents
Complicated many touch rollers of blade abrasive belt grinding machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型专利涉及一种磨削加工装置,特别涉及一种复杂叶片多接触轮砂带磨床。The utility model patent relates to a grinding device, in particular to an abrasive belt grinder with complex blades and multiple contact wheels.
背景技术Background technique
叶片类复杂曲面零件是燃气轮机、汽轮机、航空发动机等能源、动力装置的关键零件,其几何精度和表面质量会直接影响能源动力设备的工作效率。对于动力装置来说,叶片型面是决定其效率高低的一个重要因素,型面质量的高低影响其能耗水平。因此,大量的开发研究工作被花在型面型线设计上,以期从流体动力学上提高动力装置的效率,用更小的体积来获得更大的输出功率。这导致叶片型面由直面发展到弧面进而发展到扭曲弧面,型面曲线越来越复杂,叶片加工工艺要求也越来越高。Blades with complex curved surfaces are key parts of energy and power devices such as gas turbines, steam turbines, and aero-engines. Their geometric accuracy and surface quality will directly affect the efficiency of energy and power equipment. For a power plant, the profile of the blade is an important factor determining its efficiency, and the quality of the profile affects its energy consumption. Therefore, a lot of development and research work has been spent on the design of the profile and line, in order to improve the efficiency of the power plant from the fluid dynamics, and use a smaller volume to obtain greater output power. This leads to the development of the blade profile from a straight surface to an arc surface and then to a twisted arc surface.
砂带磨削属于弹性、冷态磨削,是一种具有磨削、研磨、抛光多种作用的复合加工工艺。因加工效率高、应用范围广、适应能力强、使用成本低、操作安全方便等特点而深受广大用户青睐。在砂带磨削过程中,接触轮的直径大小对材料的去除效率与零件的表面质量有直接影响。从接触轮直径大小方面考虑,直径小的接触轮使砂带与工件接触面积小,单位面积压强大,切除率高,粗糙度值大,而直径大的接触轮磨削效果反之。尤其,当磨削自由曲面时,工件表面不同位置处曲率不一致,为实现余量的高效去除和获得较好的表面质量,接触轮的直径也应适当地做相应的调整。Abrasive belt grinding belongs to elastic and cold grinding, and it is a compound processing technology with multiple functions of grinding, grinding and polishing. It is favored by the majority of users because of its high processing efficiency, wide application range, strong adaptability, low cost of use, and safe and convenient operation. In the abrasive belt grinding process, the diameter of the contact wheel has a direct impact on the material removal efficiency and the surface quality of the part. Considering the diameter of the contact wheel, the contact wheel with a small diameter makes the contact area between the abrasive belt and the workpiece small, the pressure per unit area is high, the removal rate is high, and the roughness value is large, while the contact wheel with a large diameter has the opposite grinding effect. In particular, when grinding free-form surfaces, the curvatures at different positions on the surface of the workpiece are inconsistent. In order to achieve efficient removal of allowances and obtain better surface quality, the diameter of the contact wheel should also be adjusted accordingly.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型专利的目的是为了提供一种复杂叶片多接触轮砂带磨床,本实用新型专利通过快速切换不同大小直径的接触轮,以实现在磨削复杂型面类叶片零件时,能提高工件的表面质量和磨削效率的目的。The purpose of this utility model patent is to provide a complex blade multi-contact wheel abrasive belt grinder. The utility model patent can quickly switch contact wheels of different sizes and diameters to realize that when grinding blade parts with complex profiles, the workpiece can be improved. The purpose of surface quality and grinding efficiency.
本实用新型专利包括有机床底座、立柱、横梁、X向滑鞍、Y向工作台、Z向滑台、旋转台、叶片装夹工作台、磨头总成、子磨头部件、磨头总成主体骨架、动力输入摩擦轮系部件和动力输出摩擦轮系部件。磨头总成装置固定在Z向滑台,通过Z向导轨与X向滑鞍相连;X向滑鞍通过X向滑鞍驱动丝杆与X向导轨装配与横梁上,横梁又固联在立柱上方;叶片由卡盘和顶尖固定于叶片装夹工作台上,叶片装夹工作台通过旋转台装配与Y向工作台上;Y向工作台又通过Y向导轨和Y向工作台驱动丝杆固定在机床底座上。The utility model patent includes a machine tool base, a column, a beam, an X-direction sliding saddle, a Y-direction workbench, a Z-direction slide, a rotary table, a blade clamping workbench, a grinding head assembly, sub-grinding head parts, and a grinding head The main frame of the assembly, the power input friction gear train components and the power output friction gear train components. The grinding head assembly is fixed on the Z-direction slide table and connected to the X-direction saddle through the Z-direction guide rail; the X-direction slide saddle drives the screw through the X-direction slide saddle and assembles the X-direction guide rail to the crossbeam, and the crossbeam is fixedly connected to the column Above; the blade is fixed on the blade clamping table by the chuck and the tip, and the blade clamping table is assembled on the Y-direction worktable through the rotary table; the Y-direction worktable drives the screw through the Y-direction guide rail and the Y-direction worktable Fixed on the machine base.
所述的磨头总成,由磨头总成主体骨架、驱动电机、皮带、动力输入摩擦轮系部件、动力输出摩擦轮系部件、传动摩擦轮、摩擦轮伸缩气缸、轴系支座一、轴系支座二、子磨头部件、砂带、挡片和换轮气缸组成。其中,驱动电机通过驱动电机支座固定在磨头总成主体骨架上;动力输入摩擦轮系部件和动力输出摩擦轮系部件分别通过轴系支座一与轴系支座二固定在磨头总成主体支架上;皮带分别与驱动电机和动力输入摩擦轮系部件的槽轮装配;摩擦轮伸缩气缸通过气缸固定台固定在磨头总成主体骨架上,传动摩擦轮装配在摩擦轮伸缩气缸下端;子磨头部件与磨头支撑板装配,挡片通过螺钉固定在磨头支撑板的一端;换轮气缸一端通过换轮气缸支座固定在磨头总成主体骨架上,一端与子磨头部件相配合。The grinding head assembly is composed of the main frame of the grinding head assembly, a driving motor, a belt, a power input friction gear train component, a power output friction gear train component, a transmission friction wheel, a friction wheel telescopic cylinder, a shaft support 1, Shafting support 2, sub-grinding head parts, abrasive belt, baffle and wheel changing cylinder. Among them, the drive motor is fixed on the main frame of the grinding head assembly through the drive motor support; the power input friction gear train components and the power output friction gear train components are respectively fixed on the grinding head assembly through the first shaft support and the second shaft support. into the main body bracket; the belt is respectively assembled with the drive motor and the grooved wheel of the power input friction wheel train; the friction wheel telescopic cylinder is fixed on the main frame of the grinding head assembly through the cylinder fixing table, and the transmission friction wheel is assembled at the lower end of the friction wheel telescopic cylinder ;The sub-grinding head part is assembled with the grinding head supporting plate, and the blocking plate is fixed on one end of the grinding head supporting plate by screws; one end of the wheel changing cylinder is fixed on the main frame of the grinding head assembly through the wheel changing cylinder support, The head parts match.
所述的磨头总成主体骨架,由气缸固定台、气缸支撑板、加强筋、连接肋板、子磨头支撑板、换轮气缸支座、支撑板一、驱动电机支撑板、支撑板二、连接肋板、短轴、惰轮轴、定位销一和定位销二组成;其中,气缸固定台分布在气缸支撑板上,气缸支撑板下方分别是支撑板一、驱动电机支撑板和支撑板二;子磨头支撑板通过连接肋板与上方的支撑板二相连;短轴、惰轮轴、定位销一和定位销二分布在子磨头支撑板上;换轮气缸支座处在子磨头支撑板右侧,驱动电机支撑板下方。The main frame of the grinding head assembly is composed of a cylinder fixing table, a cylinder support plate, a reinforcing rib, a connecting rib plate, a sub-grinding head support plate, a wheel changing cylinder support, support plate 1, a drive motor support plate, and support plate 2 , connecting ribs, short shaft, idler shaft, positioning pin 1 and positioning pin 2; among them, the cylinder fixing table is distributed on the cylinder support plate, and the support plate below the cylinder support plate is respectively support plate 1, drive motor support plate and support plate 2 The supporting plate of the sub-grinding head is connected with the upper supporting plate 2 through the connecting rib; the short axis, idler shaft, positioning pin 1 and positioning pin 2 are distributed on the supporting plate of the sub-grinding head; On the right side of the support plate, under the drive motor support plate.
所述的动力输入摩擦轮系部件,由动力输入摩擦轮、轴系支座一、槽轮、输入摩擦轮轴和角接触球轴承组成;其中,输入摩擦轮轴通过角接触球轴承装配在轴系支座一上,其中一端与槽轮配合。The power input friction gear train component is composed of power input friction wheel, shaft support 1, sheave, input friction wheel shaft and angular contact ball bearing; wherein, the input friction wheel shaft is assembled on the shaft system support through angular contact ball bearings. Seat one, one end of which cooperates with the sheave.
所述的动力输出摩擦轮系部件,由砂带驱动轮、动力输出摩擦轮、角接触球轴承和轴系支座二组成;其中,砂带驱动轮和动力输出摩擦轮同轴固联,再通过角接触球轴承装配在轴系支座二上。The power output friction wheel train part is composed of abrasive belt drive wheel, power output friction wheel, angular contact ball bearing and shaft support; wherein, the abrasive belt drive wheel and the power output friction wheel are coaxially connected, and then Assembled on the shafting support 2 through angular contact ball bearings.
所述的子磨头部件一端装配有接触轮,一端通过短轴与子磨头支撑板配合,同时还与换轮气缸配合,通过控制换轮气缸的伸缩控制子磨头部件的旋转;子磨头部件一端的两侧开有相同的两个销槽,分别与磨头支撑板上的定位销一和定位销二配合来限定子磨头部件旋转的角度范围;挡片固定在磨头支撑板左侧靠近惰轮的位置。One end of the sub-grinding head part is equipped with a contact wheel, and one end cooperates with the sub-grinding head support plate through the short shaft, and also cooperates with the wheel-changing cylinder to control the rotation of the sub-grinding part by controlling the expansion and contraction of the wheel-changing cylinder; There are two identical pin grooves on both sides of one end of the sub-grinding part, which cooperate with positioning pin 1 and locating pin 2 on the supporting plate of the grinding head respectively to limit the angle range of the sub-grinding part's rotation; the stopper is fixed on The position on the left side of the grinding head support plate is close to the idler wheel.
所述的驱动电机通过皮带将动力传动至动力输入摩擦轮系,摩擦轮伸缩气缸与传动摩擦轮推杆配合,通过每个气缸的伸缩,使得传动摩擦轮同时接触或离开动力输入摩擦轮与动力输出摩擦轮。The drive motor transmits power to the power input friction wheel train through a belt, and the friction wheel telescopic cylinder cooperates with the transmission friction wheel push rod. Through the expansion and contraction of each cylinder, the transmission friction wheel contacts or leaves the power input friction wheel and the power input friction wheel at the same time. Output friction wheel.
本实用新型专利的工作原理为:The working principle of the utility model patent is:
机床的磨头总成设计为三个相似的工作模块,在空间上并排分布。每个工作模块都主要由摩擦轮伸缩气缸、输入摩擦轮、砂带驱动轮、动力输出摩擦轮、传动摩擦轮、定位销一、挡片、惰轮、换轮气缸、定位销二、子磨头部件和砂带组成。The grinding head assembly of the machine tool is designed as three similar working modules, which are spaced side by side. Each working module is mainly composed of friction wheel telescopic cylinder, input friction wheel, abrasive belt drive wheel, power output friction wheel, transmission friction wheel, positioning pin 1, stopper, idler wheel, wheel changing cylinder, positioning pin 2, sub-mill Composed of head parts and abrasive belts.
其中,每个子磨头部件下方设置一接触轮,接触轮的直径各不相同;当子磨头部件处于竖直状态时,磨头处于工作状态磨削叶片,当子磨头部件处于倾斜状态时,磨头处于不工作状态;三个子磨头部件同一时间只能有一个处于工作状态;驱动电机通过皮带驱动动力输入摩擦轮系转动,传动摩擦轮在摩擦轮伸缩气缸的控制下,与每一对动力输入摩擦轮与动力输出摩擦轮同时啮合或分离,从而与动力输出摩擦轮对应的砂带驱动轮转动或停止,驱动砂带磨削或停止磨削;同一时间只能有一对动力输入摩擦轮与动力输出摩擦轮处于啮合状态,此时,对应的子磨头部件一定处于工作状态磨削叶片;动力输入摩擦轮系部件中的三个动力输入摩擦轮同步转动;动力输出摩擦轮系部件中的三个动力输出摩擦轮独立运动,互不干涉;挡片防止砂带发生掉带;定位销一和定位销二与子磨头部件中的销槽的配合,用来保证工作状态的精度和稳定性;砂带的张紧依靠调节子磨头部件中的调节螺母来实现。Wherein, a contact wheel is arranged below each sub-grinding head part, and the diameters of the contact wheels are different; when the sub-grinding head parts are in the vertical state, the grinding head is in the working state to grind the blades, and when the sub-grinding head parts are in the When in the tilted state, the grinding head is in a non-working state; only one of the three sub-grinding head parts can be in a working state at a time; the drive motor drives the power input friction wheel train to rotate through the belt, and the transmission friction wheel is under the control of the friction wheel telescopic cylinder , and each pair of power input friction wheels and power output friction wheels are meshed or separated at the same time, so that the abrasive belt driving wheel corresponding to the power output friction wheels rotates or stops, and drives the abrasive belt to grind or stops grinding; at the same time, there can only be one The power input friction wheel and the power output friction wheel are in meshing state. At this time, the corresponding sub-grinding head parts must be in the working state to grind the blades; the three power input friction wheels in the power input friction gear train components rotate synchronously; The three power output friction wheels in the output friction gear train components move independently without interfering with each other; the blocking plate prevents the abrasive belt from falling off; To ensure the accuracy and stability of the working state; the tension of the abrasive belt is realized by adjusting the adjusting nut in the sub-grinding head assembly.
本实用新型专利的工作过程为:The working process of the utility model patent is:
机床设置了五个自由度,X、Y、Z三个平动轴和B、C两个旋转轴以适应复杂叶片。三个平动轴分别依靠X向滑鞍、Y向工作台和Z向滑台实现;B轴为工件旋转轴,依靠B向旋转电机、卡盘和顶尖实现,C轴依靠旋转台驱动叶片装夹工作台实现。The machine tool is equipped with five degrees of freedom, three translation axes of X, Y, and Z and two rotation axes of B and C to accommodate complex blades. The three translation axes are realized by the X-direction saddle, Y-direction table and Z-direction slide table respectively; the B-axis is the workpiece rotation axis, which is realized by the B-direction rotating motor, chuck and tip, and the C-axis relies on the rotary table to drive the blade assembly. Clamp workbench is realized.
初始状态。所有的传动摩擦轮与对应的一对动力输入摩擦轮和动力输出摩擦轮分离,所有的子磨头部件都处于倾斜状态,磨头未工作。initial state. All transmission friction wheels are separated from the corresponding pair of power input friction wheels and power output friction wheels, all sub-grinding head parts are in a tilted state, and the grinding head is not working.
工作状态。若选用最小的接触轮所在的子磨头部件对叶片进行磨削。working status. If the sub-grinding head parts where the smallest contact wheel is selected are used to grind the blades.
第一步,启动驱动电机,通过皮带带动动力输入摩擦轮系部件中的动力输入摩擦轮,使其转动;The first step is to start the drive motor, and drive the power input friction wheel in the power input friction gear train components through the belt to make it rotate;
第二步,换轮气缸收缩,驱动小接触轮所在的子磨头部件由倾斜状态变为竖直状态,在换轮气缸与销槽和定位销二的共同作用下,保证子磨头部件竖直状态的精确度和稳定性;In the second step, the wheel-changing cylinder shrinks, and the sub-grinding part where the small contact wheel is driven changes from an inclined state to a vertical state. The accuracy and stability of the vertical state of the parts;
第三步,与小接触轮对应的摩擦轮伸缩气缸伸长,通过摩擦轮推杆推动传动摩擦轮下降,直至与相应的动力输入摩擦轮和动力输出摩擦轮同时啮合。因为动力输出摩擦轮与砂带驱动轮是固联的,所以,在将动力传递至输出摩擦轮的同时,也驱动了砂带驱动轮转动,实现与小接触轮所配合的砂带的驱动。其中,砂带的张紧是通过调节子磨头部件中的调节螺母去调节张紧弹簧实现;In the third step, the telescopic cylinder of the friction wheel corresponding to the small contact wheel is extended, and the transmission friction wheel is pushed down through the friction wheel push rod until it meshes with the corresponding power input friction wheel and power output friction wheel simultaneously. Because the power output friction wheel and the abrasive belt drive wheel are fixedly connected, so when the power is transmitted to the output friction wheel, the abrasive belt drive wheel is also driven to rotate to realize the driving of the abrasive belt matched with the small contact wheel. Wherein, the tensioning of the abrasive belt is realized by adjusting the adjusting nut in the sub-grinding head part to adjust the tensioning spring;
第四步,在Z向滑台驱动电机的驱动下,磨头总成下降,开始磨削叶片。期间,通过X、Y、Z、B、C五轴对磨头与叶片间相对位姿的合理调节,实现对叶片的磨削。In the fourth step, driven by the driving motor of the Z-direction slide table, the grinding head assembly descends to start grinding the blades. During this period, through the reasonable adjustment of the relative pose between the grinding head and the blade through the five axes of X, Y, Z, B, and C, the grinding of the blade is realized.
换轮状态。若选用最大的接触轮所在的子磨头部件对叶片进行磨削。Change wheel status. If select the sub-grinding part that the largest contact wheel is located for use to grind blade.
第一步,在Z向滑台驱动电机的驱动下,磨头总成上升一定距离;In the first step, driven by the driving motor of the Z-direction slide table, the grinding head assembly rises a certain distance;
第二步,与小接触轮所对应的摩擦轮伸缩气缸收缩,通过传动摩擦轮推杆使传动摩擦轮上升,并与相应的动力输入摩擦轮和动力输出摩擦轮同时分离。同时,对应的换轮气缸伸长,驱动小接触轮所在的子磨头部件由竖直状态变为倾斜状态;In the second step, the telescopic cylinder of the friction wheel corresponding to the small contact wheel shrinks, and the transmission friction wheel is lifted by the transmission friction wheel push rod, and is separated from the corresponding power input friction wheel and power output friction wheel simultaneously. At the same time, the corresponding wheel-changing cylinder is extended, and the sub-grinding part where the driving small contact wheel is located changes from a vertical state to an inclined state;
第三步,与大接触轮所对应的摩擦轮伸缩气缸伸长,通过传动摩擦轮推杆使传动摩擦轮下降,并与相应的动力输入摩擦轮和动力输出摩擦轮同时啮合,从而实现与大接触轮所配合的砂带的驱动。同时,对应的换轮气缸收缩,驱动大接触轮所在的子磨头部件由倾斜状态变为竖直状态,完成换轮过程;In the third step, the telescopic cylinder of the friction wheel corresponding to the large contact wheel is extended, and the transmission friction wheel is lowered by the push rod of the transmission friction wheel, and meshes with the corresponding power input friction wheel and power output friction wheel at the same time, so as to realize the contact with the large contact wheel. The drive of the abrasive belt to which the contact wheel is fitted. At the same time, the corresponding wheel-changing cylinder contracts, driving the sub-grinding part where the large contact wheel is located to change from an inclined state to a vertical state, completing the wheel-changing process;
第四步,在Z向滑台驱动电机的驱动下,磨头总成下降,开始磨削叶片;In the fourth step, driven by the driving motor of the Z-direction slide table, the grinding head assembly descends and starts to grind the blades;
最后,叶片加工完成后,在Z向滑台驱动电机的驱动下,磨头总成上升一定距离,驱动所有的摩擦轮伸缩气缸收缩,使所有的传动摩擦轮与对应的一对动力输入摩擦轮和动力输出摩擦轮分离;驱动所有的换轮气缸伸长,使所有的子磨头部件都变为倾斜状态;磨头恢复初始状态。Finally, after the blade processing is completed, driven by the drive motor of the Z-direction slide table, the grinding head assembly rises a certain distance, and all the friction wheels are driven to shrink the telescopic cylinder, so that all the transmission friction wheels and the corresponding pair of power input friction wheels Separate from the power output friction wheel; drive all the wheel-changing cylinders to extend, so that all sub-grinding parts become inclined; the grinding head returns to its original state.
本实用新型专利的有益效果:The beneficial effects of the utility model patent:
1、Z轴采用双电机驱动结构,提高了磨头总成移动的动态响应性能,提高了叶片的加工效率,确保更高的叶片轮廓精度。1. The Z-axis adopts a dual-motor drive structure, which improves the dynamic response performance of the movement of the grinding head assembly, improves the processing efficiency of the blade, and ensures higher blade profile accuracy.
2、磨头总成采用并排和分层的设计结构,便于维护。合理利用空间,以减小磨头的尺寸。2. The grinding head assembly adopts a side-by-side and layered design structure, which is convenient for maintenance. Reasonable use of space to reduce the size of the grinding head.
3、在磨削自由曲面的过程中,根据工件不同位置处的曲率不同,选择直径变化的接触轮进行磨削加工,相比传统的使用直径不变的接触轮进行磨削加工,这样既能提高切削效率又能提高工件的表面质量。3. In the process of grinding the free-form surface, according to the different curvatures at different positions of the workpiece, the contact wheel with a changing diameter is selected for grinding. Compared with the traditional grinding process using a contact wheel with a constant diameter, it can Improving the cutting efficiency can also improve the surface quality of the workpiece.
4、通过配置不同粒度的砂带,可实现对不仅是复杂型面类零件,甚至是平面和回转体类零件的粗磨、精磨的集中加工。同时,五自由度工作台,既可以磨削复杂型面类零件,也可以磨削平面零件和回转体类零件,其加工产品范围广,稳定性好,4. By configuring abrasive belts of different sizes, it is possible to realize the centralized processing of rough grinding and fine grinding of not only complex surface parts, but even plane and rotary parts. At the same time, the five-degree-of-freedom table can not only grind complex surface parts, but also grind plane parts and rotary parts. It has a wide range of processed products and good stability.
5、以三种不同直径的接触轮为一组合,适当搭配直径尺寸,可高效地批量加工不同形状尺寸规格的叶片。对加工对象的适应性强。5. With the combination of three contact wheels with different diameters and proper matching of diameters, blades of different shapes and sizes can be processed in batches efficiently. Strong adaptability to processing objects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型专利实施例的轴测图。Fig. 1 is the axonometric view of the utility model patent embodiment.
图2是本实用新型专利实施例的主视图。Fig. 2 is the front view of the utility model patent embodiment.
图3是本实用新型专利实施例的左视图。Fig. 3 is the left side view of the utility model patent embodiment.
图4是本实用新型专利实施例的磨头总成轴测图。Fig. 4 is an axonometric view of the grinding head assembly of the utility model patent embodiment.
图5是本实用新型专利实施例的磨头总成主视图。Fig. 5 is a front view of the grinding head assembly of the utility model patent embodiment.
图6是本实用新型专利实施例的磨头总成局剖图。Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view of the grinding head assembly of the utility model patent embodiment.
图7是本实用新型专利实施例的子磨头部件装配图。Fig. 7 is an assembly drawing of the sub-grinding head parts of the utility model patent embodiment.
图8是本实用新型专利实施例的磨头总成主体骨架零件主视图。Fig. 8 is a front view of the skeleton part of the main body of the grinding head assembly of the utility model patent embodiment.
图9是本实用新型专利实施例的磨头总成主体骨架零件轴侧图。Fig. 9 is a side view of the skeleton part of the main body of the grinding head assembly of the utility model patent embodiment.
图10是本实用新型专利实施例的动力输入摩擦轮系部件装配图。Fig. 10 is an assembly diagram of the power input friction gear train components of the utility model patent embodiment.
图11是本实用新型专利实施例的动力输出摩擦轮系部件装配图。Fig. 11 is an assembly diagram of the power output friction gear train components of the utility model patent embodiment.
图12是本实用新型专利实施例的动力传递和驱动原理示意图。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the power transmission and driving principle of the utility model patent embodiment.
图13是本实用新型专利实施例的磨头总成轴测图二。Fig. 13 is the second isometric view of the grinding head assembly of the utility model patent embodiment.
其中:1—叶片;2—Y向工作台驱动电机;3—立柱;4—横梁;5—X向滑鞍驱动丝杆;6—X向滑鞍;7—Z向导轨;8—X向滑鞍驱动电机;9—X向导轨;10—B向旋转电机;11—Y向工作台;12—Y向导轨;13—机床底座;14—Y向工作台台驱动丝杆;15—叶片装夹工作台;16—旋转台;17—旋转台驱动电机;18—Z向滑台;19—Z向滑台驱动丝杆;20—丝杆支座;21—磨头支架主板;22—Z向滑台驱动电机;23—丝杆螺母;24—砂带;25—接触轮;26—卡盘;27—顶尖;28—气缸固定台;29—摩擦轮伸缩气缸;30—动力输入摩擦轮;31—轴系支座一;32—槽轮;33—皮带;34—传动摩擦轮推杆;35—砂带驱动轮;36—动力输出摩擦轮;37—传动摩擦轮;38—轴系支座二;39—定位销一;40—挡片;41—支撑轮;42—换轮气缸支座;43—换轮气缸;44—定位销二;45—调节螺母;46—张紧弹簧;47—接触轮支座;48—短销;49—销槽;50—磨头支架;51—推杆;52—子磨头支撑板;53—气缸支撑板;54—加强筋;55—连接肋板;56—支撑板一;57—驱动电机支撑板;58—支撑板二;59—短轴;60—支撑轮轴;61—输入摩擦轮轴;62—角接触球轴承;63—驱动电机支座;64—驱动电机;65—磨头总成;66—子磨头部件;67—磨头总成主体骨架;68—动力输入摩擦轮系部件;69—动力输出摩擦轮系部件。Among them: 1—blade; 2—drive motor of worktable in Y direction; 3—column; 4—beam; 5—sliding saddle driving screw in X direction; 6—sliding saddle in X direction; 7—Z direction guide rail; Saddle driving motor; 9—X guide rail; 10—B direction rotating motor; 11—Y workbench; 12—Y guide rail; 13—machine base; 14—Y workbench drive screw; 15—blade Clamping table; 16—rotary table; 17—rotary table drive motor; 18—Z slide table; 19—Z slide table drive screw; 20—screw support; 21—grinding head bracket main board; 22— Z-direction sliding table drive motor; 23—screw nut; 24—abrasive belt; 25—contact wheel; 26—chuck; 27—top; 28—cylinder fixed table; 29—friction wheel telescopic cylinder; Wheel; 31—shaft support one; 32—groove; 33—belt; 34—transmission friction wheel push rod; 35—abrasive belt driving wheel; 36—power output friction wheel; 37—transmission friction wheel; 38—axle Department support two; 39—location pin one; 40—block; 41—support wheel; 42—wheel changing cylinder support; 43—wheel changing cylinder; 44—location pin two; 45—adjusting nut; 46—tension Spring; 47—contact wheel support; 48—short pin; 49—pin groove; 50—grinding head support; 51—push rod; 52—sub-grinding head support plate; 53—cylinder support plate; —connecting rib plate; 56—supporting plate one; 57—supporting plate of drive motor; 58—supporting plate two; 59—short shaft; 60—supporting axle; 61—input friction axle; Motor support; 64—drive motor; 65—grinding head assembly; 66—sub-grinding head components; 67—main skeleton of grinding head assembly; 68—power input friction gear train components; 69—power output friction gear train components .
具体实施方式detailed description
请参阅图1至图13所示,为本实用新型专利的实施例,本实用新型专利包括有机床底座13、立柱3、横梁4、X向滑鞍6、Y向工作台11、Z向滑台18、旋转台16、叶片装夹工作台15、磨头总成65、子磨头部件66、磨头总成主体骨架67、动力输入摩擦轮系部件68和动力输出摩擦轮系部件69;磨头总成装置65固定在Z向滑台18,通过Z向导轨7与X向滑鞍6相连;X向滑鞍6通过X向滑鞍驱动丝杆5与X向导轨9装配与横梁4上,横梁4又固联在立柱3上方;叶片1由卡盘26和顶尖27固定于叶片装夹工作台15上,叶片装夹工作台15通过旋转台16装配与Y向工作台11上;Y向工作台11又通过Y向导轨12和Y向工作台驱动丝杆14固定在机床底座13上。Please refer to Figures 1 to 13, which are the embodiments of the utility model patent. The utility model patent includes a machine tool base 13, a column 3, a beam 4, an X-direction sliding saddle 6, a Y-direction workbench 11, and a Z-direction slide. Table 18, rotary table 16, blade clamping table 15, grinding head assembly 65, sub-grinding head parts 66, grinding head assembly main frame 67, power input friction gear train parts 68 and power output friction gear train parts 69 The grinding head assembly 65 is fixed on the Z-direction slide 18, and is connected to the X-direction saddle 6 through the Z-direction rail 7; the X-direction saddle 6 is assembled with the X-direction rail 9 through the X-direction saddle to drive the screw 5 and the beam 4, the beam 4 is fixedly connected above the column 3; the blade 1 is fixed on the blade clamping workbench 15 by the chuck 26 and the tip 27, and the blade clamping workbench 15 is assembled on the Y-direction workbench 11 through the rotary table 16 ; The Y-direction workbench 11 is fixed on the machine tool base 13 through the Y-direction rail 12 and the Y-direction workbench drive screw 14 .
所述的磨头总成65是由磨头总成主体骨架67、驱动电机64、皮带33、动力输入摩擦轮系部件68、动力输出摩擦轮系部件69、传动摩擦轮37、摩擦轮伸缩气缸29、轴系支座一31、轴系支座二38、子磨头部件66、砂带24、挡片40和换轮气缸43组成,驱动电机64通过驱动电机支座63固定在磨头总成主体骨架67上;动力输入摩擦轮系部件68和动力输出摩擦轮系部件69分别通过轴系支座一31与轴系支座二38固定在磨头总成主体支架67上;皮带33分别与驱动电机64和动力输入摩擦轮系部件68的槽轮32装配;摩擦轮伸缩气缸29通过气缸固定台28固定在磨头总成主体骨架67上,传动摩擦轮37装配在摩擦轮伸缩气缸29下端;子磨头部件66与磨头支撑板52装配,挡片40通过螺钉固定在磨头支撑板52的一端;换轮气缸43一端通过换轮气缸支座42固定在磨头总成主体骨架67上,一端与子磨头部件66相配合。Described grinding head assembly 65 is made up of grinding head assembly main frame 67, driving motor 64, belt 33, power input friction wheel train part 68, power output friction wheel train part 69, transmission friction wheel 37, friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29. Shafting support 1 31, shafting support 2 38, sub-grinding head part 66, abrasive belt 24, stop piece 40 and wheel changing cylinder 43, drive motor 64 is fixed on the grinding head through drive motor support 63 On the main frame 67 of the assembly; the power input friction gear train part 68 and the power output friction gear train part 69 are respectively fixed on the main body bracket 67 of the grinding head assembly through the first shaft support 31 and the second shaft support 38; the belt 33 Respectively assembled with the drive motor 64 and the sheave 32 of the power input friction wheel train part 68; the friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29 is fixed on the main frame 67 of the grinding head assembly through the cylinder fixing table 28, and the transmission friction wheel 37 is assembled on the friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29 lower end; the sub-grinding head part 66 is assembled with the milling head support plate 52, and the blocking plate 40 is fixed on one end of the milling head support plate 52 by screws; one end of the wheel changing cylinder 43 is fixed on the grinding head assembly through the wheel changing cylinder support 42 On the main frame 67, one end matches with the sub-grinding part 66.
所述的磨头总成主体骨架67是由气缸固定台28、气缸支撑板53、加强筋54、连接肋板55、子磨头支撑板52、换轮气缸支座42、支撑板一56、驱动电机支撑板57、支撑板二58、连接肋板55、短轴59、惰轮轴60、定位销一39和定位销二44组成;气缸固定台28分布在气缸支撑板53上,气缸支撑板53下方分别是支撑板一56、驱动电机支撑板57和支撑板二58;子磨头支撑板52通过连接肋板55与上方的支撑板二58相连;短轴59、惰轮轴60、定位销一39和定位销二44分布在子磨头支撑板52上;换轮气缸支座42处在子磨头支撑板52右侧,驱动电机支撑板57下方。The main frame 67 of the grinding head assembly is composed of a cylinder fixing table 28, a cylinder support plate 53, a reinforcing rib 54, a connecting rib 55, a sub-grinding head support plate 52, a wheel-changing cylinder support 42, a support plate 56, Drive motor support plate 57, support plate two 58, connecting rib plate 55, short shaft 59, idler shaft 60, positioning pin one 39 and positioning pin two 44 are composed; cylinder fixing table 28 is distributed on cylinder support plate 53, cylinder support plate Below 53 are support plate 1 56, drive motor support plate 57 and support plate 2 58; sub-grinding head support plate 52 is connected with support plate 2 58 above through connecting rib 55; short shaft 59, idler shaft 60, positioning pin One 39 and positioning pin two 44 are distributed on the sub-grinding head support plate 52; the wheel-changing cylinder support 42 is on the right side of the sub-grinding head support plate 52, below the drive motor support plate 57.
所述的动力输入摩擦轮系部件68是由动力输入摩擦轮30、轴系支座一31、槽轮32、输入摩擦轮轴61和角接触球轴承62组成;输入摩擦轮轴61通过角接触球轴承62装配在轴系支座一31上,其中一端与槽轮32配合。The described power input friction wheel train part 68 is made up of power input friction wheel 30, shaft support 31, sheave 32, input friction wheel shaft 61 and angular contact ball bearing 62; input friction wheel shaft 61 passes through angular contact ball bearing 62 is assembled on the shafting support one 31, and one end thereof cooperates with the sheave 32.
所述的动力输出摩擦轮系部件69是由砂带驱动轮35、动力输出摩擦轮36、角接触球轴承62和轴系支座二38组成;其中,砂带驱动轮35和动力输出摩擦轮36同轴固联,再通过角接触球轴承62装配在轴系支座二38上。The power output friction wheel train part 69 is made up of the abrasive belt drive wheel 35, the power output friction wheel 36, the angular contact ball bearing 62 and the shaft support two 38; wherein, the abrasive belt drive wheel 35 and the power output friction wheel 36 coaxial fixed connections, and then assembled on the shafting support two 38 through the angular contact ball bearing 62.
所述的子磨头部件66一端装配有接触轮,一端通过短轴59与子磨头支撑板52配合,同时还与换轮气缸43配合,通过控制换轮气缸43的伸缩控制子磨头部件66的旋转;子磨头部件66一端的两侧开有相同的两个销槽49,分别与磨头支撑板52上的定位销一39和定位销二44配合来限定子磨头部件66旋转的角度范围;挡片40固定在磨头支撑板52左侧靠近惰轮41的位置。One end of the sub-grinding part 66 is equipped with a contact wheel, and one end cooperates with the sub-grinding support plate 52 through the short shaft 59, and also cooperates with the wheel-changing cylinder 43, and controls the sub-grinding wheel by controlling the expansion and contraction of the wheel-changing cylinder 43. The rotation of part 66; the both sides of one end of the sub-grinding head part 66 have the same two pin slots 49, respectively cooperate with the positioning pin one 39 and the positioning pin two 44 on the grinding head support plate 52 to define the sub-grinding head Angle range of rotation of the component 66; the blocking piece 40 is fixed on the left side of the grinding head support plate 52 and is close to the position of the idler wheel 41 .
所述的驱动电机64通过皮带33将动力传动至动力输入摩擦轮系68,摩擦轮伸缩气缸29与传动摩擦轮推杆34配合,通过每个气缸的伸缩,使得传动摩擦轮37同时接触或离开动力输入摩擦轮与动力输出摩擦轮。The drive motor 64 transmits power to the power input friction wheel train 68 through the belt 33, and the friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29 cooperates with the transmission friction wheel push rod 34, and through the expansion and contraction of each cylinder, the transmission friction wheel 37 contacts or leaves at the same time The power input friction wheel and the power output friction wheel.
本实施例的工作过程:The working process of this embodiment:
机床设置了五个自由度,X、Y、Z三个平动轴和B、C两个旋转轴以适应复杂叶片。三个平动轴分别依靠X向滑鞍6、Y向工作台11和Z向滑台实现;B轴为工件旋转轴,依靠B向旋转电机10、卡盘26和顶尖27实现,C轴依靠旋转台16驱动叶片装夹工作台15实现。The machine tool is equipped with five degrees of freedom, three translation axes of X, Y, and Z and two rotation axes of B and C to accommodate complex blades. The three translational axes are realized by the X-direction saddle 6, the Y-direction table 11 and the Z-direction slide table; the B-axis is the workpiece rotation axis, which is realized by the B-direction rotating motor 10, the chuck 26 and the top 27, and the C-axis relies on The rotating table 16 drives the blade clamping workbench 15 to realize.
初始状态。所有的传动摩擦轮37与对应的一对动力输入摩擦轮30和动力输出摩擦轮36分离,所有的子磨头部件66都处于倾斜状态,磨头未工作。initial state. All transmission friction wheels 37 are separated from the corresponding pair of power input friction wheels 30 and power output friction wheels 36, all sub-grinding head parts 66 are in an inclined state, and the grinding head is not working.
工作状态。若选用最小的接触轮所在的子磨头部件对叶片进行磨削。working status. If the sub-grinding head parts where the smallest contact wheel is selected are used to grind the blades.
第一步,启动驱动电机64,通过皮带33带动动力输入摩擦轮系部件68中的动力输入摩擦轮30,使其转动;In the first step, the drive motor 64 is started, and the power input friction wheel 30 in the power input friction wheel train part 68 is driven by the belt 33 to make it rotate;
第二步,换轮气缸43收缩,驱动小接触轮所在的子磨头部件66由倾斜状态变为竖直状态,在换轮气缸43与销槽49和定位销二44的共同作用下,保证子磨头部件竖直状态的精确度和稳定性;In the second step, the wheel-changing cylinder 43 shrinks, and the sub-grinding part 66 where the small contact wheel is driven changes from an inclined state to a vertical state. Ensure the accuracy and stability of the vertical state of the sub-grinding head components;
第三步,与小接触轮对应的摩擦轮伸缩气缸29伸长,通过摩擦轮推杆34推动传动摩擦轮37下降,直至与相应的动力输入摩擦轮30和动力输出摩擦轮36同时啮合。因为动力输出摩擦轮36与砂带驱动轮35是固联的,所以,在将动力传递至动力输出摩擦轮36的同时,也驱动了砂带驱动轮35转动,实现与小接触轮所配合的砂带的驱动。其中,砂带的张紧是通过调节子磨头部件66中的调节螺母45去调节张紧弹簧46实现;In the third step, the friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29 corresponding to the small contact wheel is extended, and the transmission friction wheel 37 is pushed down by the friction wheel push rod 34 until it meshes with the corresponding power input friction wheel 30 and power output friction wheel 36 simultaneously. Because the power output friction wheel 36 is fixedly connected with the abrasive belt drive wheel 35, so, when the power is transmitted to the power output friction wheel 36, the abrasive belt drive wheel 35 is also driven to rotate, realizing the cooperation with the small contact wheel. Belt drive. Wherein, the tensioning of the abrasive belt is realized by adjusting the adjusting nut 45 in the sub-grinding head part 66 to adjust the tension spring 46;
第四步,在Z向滑台驱动电机22的驱动下,磨头总成65下降,开始磨削叶片。期间,通过X、Y、Z、B、C五轴的合理调节,实现叶片的磨削。In the fourth step, driven by the drive motor 22 of the slide table in the Z direction, the grinding head assembly 65 descends to start grinding the blades. During this period, through the reasonable adjustment of the five axes of X, Y, Z, B, and C, the grinding of the blades is realized.
换轮状态。若选用最大的接触轮所在的子磨头部件对叶片进行磨削。Change wheel status. If select the sub-grinding part that the largest contact wheel is located for use to grind blade.
第一步,在Z向滑台驱动电机22的驱动下,磨头总成65上升一定距离;In the first step, driven by the drive motor 22 of the Z-direction slide table, the grinding head assembly 65 rises by a certain distance;
第二步,与小接触轮所对应的摩擦轮伸缩气缸29收缩,通过传动摩擦轮推杆34使传动摩擦轮37上升,并与相应的动力输入摩擦轮30和动力输出摩擦轮36同时分离。同时,对应的换轮气缸43伸长,驱动小接触轮所在的子磨头部件66由竖直状态变为倾斜状态;In the second step, the friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29 corresponding to the small contact wheel shrinks, and the transmission friction wheel 37 is lifted by the transmission friction wheel push rod 34, and is separated from the corresponding power input friction wheel 30 and the power output friction wheel 36 simultaneously. Simultaneously, the corresponding wheel-changing cylinder 43 elongates, and the sub-grinding part 66 at which the small contact wheel is driven changes from a vertical state to an inclined state;
第三步,与大接触轮所对应的摩擦轮伸缩气缸29伸长,通过传动摩擦轮推杆34使传动摩擦轮37下降,并与相应的动力输入摩擦轮30和动力输出摩擦轮36同时啮合,从而实现与大接触轮所配合的砂带的驱动。同时,对应的换轮气缸43收缩,驱动大接触轮所在的子磨头部件66由倾斜状态变为竖直状态,完成换轮过程;In the third step, the friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29 corresponding to the large contact wheel is extended, and the transmission friction wheel 37 is lowered by the transmission friction wheel push rod 34, and meshes with the corresponding power input friction wheel 30 and power output friction wheel 36 simultaneously , so as to realize the driving of the abrasive belt matched with the large contact wheel. Simultaneously, the corresponding wheel-changing cylinder 43 shrinks, and the sub-grinding part 66 where the driven large contact wheel is located changes from an inclined state to a vertical state, completing the wheel-changing process;
第四步,在Z向滑台驱动电机22的驱动下,磨头总成65下降,开始磨削叶片;In the fourth step, driven by the drive motor 22 of the Z-direction slide, the grinding head assembly 65 descends to start grinding the blades;
最后,叶片加工完成后,在Z向滑台驱动电机22的驱动下,磨头总成65上升一定距离,驱动所有的摩擦轮伸缩气缸29收缩,使所有的传动摩擦轮37与对应的一对动力输入摩擦轮30和动力输出摩擦轮36分离;驱动所有的换轮气缸34伸长,使所有的子磨头部件66都变为倾斜状态;磨头恢复初始状态。Finally, after the blade processing is completed, under the drive of the Z-direction sliding table driving motor 22, the grinding head assembly 65 rises a certain distance, drives all the friction wheel telescopic cylinders 29 to contract, and makes all the transmission friction wheels 37 and the corresponding pair The power input friction wheel 30 is separated from the power output friction wheel 36; all wheel-changing cylinders 34 are driven to extend, so that all sub-grinding head parts 66 become inclined; the grinding head returns to its initial state.
本实施例的工作原理:The working principle of this embodiment:
机床的磨头总成65设计为三个相似的工作模块,在空间上并排分布。每个工作模块都主要由摩擦轮伸缩气缸29、输入摩擦轮30、砂带驱动轮35、动力输出摩擦轮36、传动摩擦轮37、定位销一39、挡片40、惰轮41、换轮气缸43、定位销二44、子磨头部件66和砂带24组成。The grinding head assembly 65 of the machine tool is designed as three similar working modules, which are spaced side by side. Each working module is mainly composed of friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29, input friction wheel 30, abrasive belt driving wheel 35, power output friction wheel 36, transmission friction wheel 37, positioning pin-39, catch 40, idler wheel 41, wheel changing Cylinder 43, positioning pin two 44, sub-grinding head parts 66 and abrasive belt 24 form.
其中,每个子磨头部件66下方设置一接触轮25,接触轮的直径各不相同;当子磨头部件66处于竖直状态时,磨头处于工作状态磨削叶片,当子磨头部件66处于倾斜状态时,磨头处于不工作状态;三个子磨头部件66同一时间只能有一个处于工作状态;驱动电机64通过皮带33驱动动力输入摩擦轮系68转动,传动摩擦轮37在摩擦轮伸缩气缸29的控制下,与每一对动力输入摩擦轮30与动力输出摩擦轮36同时啮合或分离,从而与动力输出摩擦轮36对应的砂带驱动轮35转动或停止,驱动砂带24磨削或停止磨削;同一时间只能有一对动力输入摩擦轮30与动力输出摩擦轮36处于啮合状态,此时,对应的子磨头部件66一定处于工作状态磨削叶片;动力输入摩擦轮系部件68中的三个动力输入摩擦轮30同步转动;动力输出摩擦轮系部件69中的三个动力输出摩擦轮36独立运动,互不干涉;挡片40防止砂带发生掉带;定位销一39和定位销二44与子磨头部件66中的销槽49的配合,用来保证工作状态的精度和稳定性;砂带的张紧依靠调节子磨头部件66中的调节螺母45来实现。Wherein, a contact wheel 25 is arranged below each sub-grinding head part 66, and the diameters of the contact wheels are different; When the part 66 is in the inclined state, the grinding head is in the non-working state; only one of the three sub-grinding head parts 66 can be in the working state at the same time; the drive motor 64 drives the power input friction wheel train 68 through the belt 33 to rotate, and the transmission friction wheel 37, under the control of the friction wheel telescopic cylinder 29, meshes or separates simultaneously with each pair of power input friction wheels 30 and power output friction wheels 36, so that the abrasive belt driving wheel 35 corresponding to the power output friction wheels 36 rotates or stops, and drives The abrasive belt 24 grinds or stops grinding; at the same time, only a pair of power input friction wheels 30 and power output friction wheels 36 are in the meshing state. At this time, the corresponding sub-grinding head parts 66 must be in the working state to grind the blades; The three power input friction wheels 30 in the power input friction train part 68 rotate synchronously; the three power output friction wheels 36 in the power output friction train part 69 move independently without interfering with each other; belt; the cooperation of positioning pin one 39 and positioning pin two 44 with the pin groove 49 in the sub-grinding head part 66 is used to ensure the accuracy and stability of the working state; the tension of the abrasive belt depends on the adjustment of the sub-grinding head part 66 In the adjustment nut 45 to achieve.
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CN105215817A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 吉林大学 | Complex leaf many contact wheels abrasive belt grinding machine |
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