CN205028964U - Direct carbon fuel battery - Google Patents
Direct carbon fuel battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN205028964U CN205028964U CN201520727839.5U CN201520727839U CN205028964U CN 205028964 U CN205028964 U CN 205028964U CN 201520727839 U CN201520727839 U CN 201520727839U CN 205028964 U CN205028964 U CN 205028964U
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- carbon fuel
- plate storehouse
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- anode
- direct carbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model discloses an use the direct carbon fuel battery of eutectic melting hydroxide mixture as the electrolyte. The utility model discloses a direct carbon fuel battery includes: reaction unit, anode plate storehouse, negative plate storehouse, positive pole, negative pole, positive pole current collector, negative pole current collector, micropore baffle, negative pole pipeline, air cycle device, solar term piece, electrolyte and carbon fuel, the electrolyte adopts eutectic melting hydroxide mixture, can improve the electric conductive property of whole electrolyte, and it is active to promote the electrolyte, is favorable to electrode interface and reaction interface's abundant contact and peeling off of interface solid products layer, reduces ohmic resistance and activation impedance, the negative pole adopts nickel lanthanum combined material to the three -dimensional shape of multidimension is processed into, the electrochemical reaction in the unit space can be effectively improves, the negative pole admits air, and to adopt concentration not to be less than the oxygen or the air mixing of 35% steam gaseous, can avoid the consumption of hydroxyl in the electrolyte effectively.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to Direct Carbon Fuel Cells preparation field, and being specifically related to a kind of is electrolytical Direct Carbon Fuel Cells with eutectic fusible hydrate mixture.
Background technology
The energy is the pillar of human economy, is also the necessary power of social activities.Obtain the elementary power needed for social activities mainly through heat engine at present, be then converted into electric energy.Because heat engine is subject to the restriction of Carnot cycle, efficiency improves comparatively difficulty, causes the problem such as energy waste, disposal of pollutants increase.Therefore the electric energy acquisition mode that exploitation is efficient, clean, is called the inevitable direction of energy development.
Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) adopts solid carbon to be fuel, wherein will be converted into electric energy by chemical energy, and have the following advantages: the energy of carbon directly and in efficiency utilization chemical fuel; The theoretical thermal effect of solid carbon fuel battery is 100%, and Entropy Changes is 0; The charging of carbon and the carbon dioxide of output are integrated in a device, easily collect, do not produce pollution; Rich coal resources, and, environmental protection simple, cheap by plant regeneration acquisition biomass carbon; Solid carbon safety, transport and storage are convenient; Solid carbon directly utilizes, and processing is simple, pollution-free.
According to electrolytical difference, Direct Carbon Fuel Cells is divided into soild oxide, fused carbonate and fusible hydrate.
Huggins devises using soild oxide as electrolytical Direct Carbon Fuel Cells, and he is using YSZ as electrolyte, Direct Carbon Fuel Cells is divided into the region of two different temperatures.Wherein, in order to reduce the resistance of electrolyte YSZ, solid oxide electrolyte is placed on high-temperature region; Correspondingly, in order to make the complete oxidized generation C02 of anode fuel carbon, anode being placed on low-temperature space, new exploration has been carried out to Direct Carbon Fuel Cells system.The people such as the Jain of St. Andrews University report equally using soild oxide as electrolytical direct carbon fuel cell device.They have employed the technology of flow casting molding by NiO/YSZ anode, and YSZ electrolyte and LSM/YSZ negative electrode are prepared into film, and are dried and at 1350 DEG C, burn 5 hours altogether after curving tubular structure, can obtain direct carbon fuel cell device blank.The people such as Tao adopt soild oxide (ZrO
2) (HfO
2)
0.02(Y
20
3)
0.08as electrolyte, using LSM as negative electrode, with the carbon black of spring compacting as anode and fuel, and use platinum guaze on carbon black as anode current collector, at 800 DEG C and 1200 DEG C, obtain 10mWcm respectively
-2and 50mWcm
-2power output.
Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) adopts carbonate as electrolyte, is immersed in the porous septum made with LiAl02.The direct carbon fuel cell device proposed with the Lawrence National Laboratory of the U.S. of Cooper leader has used for reference some important feature of MCFC device, the K2C03 eutectic salts using molar fraction being the Li2C03 and 68% of 32% as electrolyte, using zirconium oxide fiber cloth as electrolyte membrance; The negative electrode of battery the nickel foam be closely connected with electrolyte membrance or pure nickel particle is exposed to be oxidized to nickel oxide in atmosphere, then reacts with lithium salts and generate lithiated nickel oxide.Can continuous feed after anode fuel mixed carbonate, thus achieve good battery performance and practical function.
The direct carbon fuel cell device of first success generating of Jacques utility model is mainly with molten sodium hydroxide
As electrolyte, constantly to consume due to molten sodium hydroxide and the C02 effect that generates in reaction, so, hydroxide is just shelved for a long time as electrolytical research.The researchers of .SARA have restarted to carry out research mouth J to fusible hydrate as electrolytical Direct Carbon Fuel Cells in recent years.As the electrolyte of fuel cell, fusible hydrate has following advantage: the first, and it is had higher ionic conductance as electrolyte, so just substantially reduces electrolytical steric hindrance, thus improves the performance of whole battery; The second, anode fuel carbon is easier to, in fusible hydrate, electrochemical oxidation reactions occurs, and this reduces the activation polarization of anode, can improve battery performance equally; 3rd, when adopting fusible hydrate as electrolyte, the operating temperature of whole battery is remained on about 600 DEG C.
Refer to different electrolyte fuel batteries respectively in above-mentioned document, respectively have its defect, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell requires higher to temperature control system, needs ceaselessly to change in high/low temperature just to make device reaction complete; Fused carbonate electrolyte fuel cell needs higher reaction temperature, and under high temperature, Boudouard reaction easily occurs, and namely chemical reaction generation CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas at high temperature occurs for charcoal and carbon dioxide; Fusible hydrate corrosivity is stronger.
Utility model content
In order to improve the operating efficiency of battery, improve ion/electron conductivity, there is provided a kind of and be suitable for electrolytical carbon fuel reaction device, electric conductivity can be improved better on the one hand, promote the Direct Electrochemistry reaction of carbon, can operating temperature be reduced on the other hand, select the material more just declared, thus reduce the manufacturing cost of reactor.
The purpose of this utility model is that providing a kind of is electrolytical Direct Carbon Fuel Cells with eutectic fusible hydrate mixture.
Direct Carbon Fuel Cells of the present utility model comprises: reaction unit, positive plate storehouse, minus plate storehouse, anode, negative electrode, anode current collector plate, cathode collector plate, microporosity separator, cathode pipe, air circulation device, solar term sheet, electrolyte and carbon fuel; Wherein, in reaction unit, electrolyte is held; The positive plate storehouse of tubular and minus plate storehouse are separately positioned on the bottom of reaction unit; Anode and negative electrode are placed in positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse respectively; The pertusate anode current collector plate of tool and cathode collector plate penetrate from the top of reaction unit respectively and extend into positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse; Between positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, microporosity separator is set; Carbon fuel is placed in positive plate storehouse; Be positioned at minus plate storehouse arrange cathode inlet mouth in the bottom of reaction unit, at the top of reaction unit and the position relative with cathode inlet mouth arranges negative electrode gas outlet, the two ends of cathode pipe connect cathode inlet mouth and negative electrode gas outlet respectively; Cathode pipe arranges air circulation device; Air circulation device inside is provided with solar term sheet; Electrolyte is eutectic fusible hydrate mixture.
Eutectic fusible hydrate mixture adopts the mixing match solution of LiOH, KOH and NaOH, or adopts the mixing match solution of LiOH and KOH, or adopts the mixing match solution of LiOH and NaOH.
Be positioned at positive plate storehouse arrange anode inlet in the bottom of reaction unit, at the top of reaction unit and the position relative with anode inlet arranges anode gas outlet, anode air inlet inputs from anode inlet, and anode air inlet is CO
2, N
2with the mist of inert gas, mixing is passed into the bottom in positive plate storehouse, forms turbulent flow, makes the fluidization of carbon fuel, augmenting response specific area.Cathode pipe is by cathode inlet mouth input cathode inlet, and cathode inlet adopts the mist of oxygen and steam, or the mist of air and steam, and wherein, the concentration of steam is between 35 ~ 50%.
Solar term sheet is set in air circulation device, by changing the position of solar term sheet, thus changes the flow of mist, realizing the change of mixed gas flow.Solar term sheet is placed in the port of export of air circulation device, and solar term sheet is provided with position transducer, and position transducer is connected to electromagnetically operated valve, by receiving the instruction of battery valve, throttle position sensor, controls the opening angle of solar term sheet, thus the size of adjust flux.Solar term sheet is sheet, and outward flange shape is consistent with the shape of the inwall of the port of export of air circulation device, the diameter 1 ~ 2cm less of the diameter of the inwall of the port of export of solar term sheet.Solar term sheet selects the material that anti-wear performance is good, as the 93%AL be not easily corroded
2o
3ceramic substrate or polyimide film.
The negative electrode of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells of the present utility model is nickel lanthanide composite material negative electrode, comprises bi-material, and the first material is nickel, and the second material is lanthanide series metal or lanthana La
2o
3; Lanthanide series metal adopts the one in lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium; Wherein, the molar content of the first material nickel accounts for 85 ~ 93%, and the molar content of the second material accounts for 7 ~ 15%.In negative electrode, lanthanum improves oxygen desorption dissociating power and the reduction catalysts activity of negative electrode, and improves the conductivity of negative electrode oxonium ion, adds electrode reaction three phase boundary.The La adding high oxygen-ion conduction in the cathode can make negative electrode at high temperature become electron-ion mixed conductor; In addition, the La in negative electrode contributes to the electronic conductivity increasing Ni cathode surface oxide-film, cathode surface resistance is reduced, thus DCFC output performance is improved.Ni cathode surface can be oxidized to the very low p-type semiconductor NiO of conductivity in molten caustic soda and fused carbonate electrolyte.Nickel lanthanide composite material negative electrode is non-planar multi-C stereo shape, and section curve is the one in triangular waveform, sawtooth waveform, sinusoidal wave pattern, square waveform and corrugated, and this multi-C stereo shape, adds space availability ratio.
Nickel lanthanide composite material negative electrode of the present utility model is processed into amorphous state and nano crystal thin film material, for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells; Nickel powder or nichrome powder is adopted to be catalyst; Microporosity separator adopts nickel or nichrome; Carbon fuel adopt in graphite, carbon black, coke and coal one or more.
Electrolyte adopts eutectic fusible hydrate mixture.Molten caustic soda electrolyte requires lower than the reaction temperature of fused carbonate electrolyte to the reaction temperature of fuel cell, under can effectively avoiding high temperature like this, the Bu Duaer Boudouard of (more than 800 DEG C) reacts, and namely avoids charcoal and carbon dioxide that chemical reaction at high temperature occurs and produces CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas.Temperature is adjusted between 550 DEG C ~ 650 DEG C, just NaOH, KOH, LiOH tri-kinds of alkali can be carried out melting (NaOH fusing point is 318.4 DEG C, KOH fusing point is 360 DEG C, LiOH fusing point be 471 DEG C), hydroxide mixture after melting has following basic characteristics: (1) fusible hydrate conducts electricity very well and operating temperature is low, is conducive to the formation suppressing carbon monoxide; (2) fusible hydrate compares single electrolyte, and activity is stronger, is conducive to fully contacting and the stripping of interface solid product layer of electrode interface and reaction interface, thus reduces ohmage and activate impedance.
The utility model realizes Conversion of Energy based on following principle:
In minus plate storehouse and positive plate storehouse, be placed with negative electrode and anode respectively, with eutectic fusible hydrate mixture for electrolyte, as anode, there is oxidation reaction in solid carbon fuel, release electronics; Oxygen, in negative electrode generation reduction reaction, obtains electronics; The transfer of electronics from anode to negative electrode provides electric energy for the external world, and carbon dioxide discharges as unique product.Chemical equation is as follows:
Anode reaction: C+4OH
-=CO
2+ 2H
2o+4e
-
Cathode reaction: O
2+ 2H
2o+4e-=4OH
-
Net reaction: C+O
2=CO
2.
Advantage of the present utility model:
1. electrolyte adopts eutectic fusible hydrate mixture, whole electrolytical electric conductivity can be improved, promote catalytic activity, be conducive to fully contacting and the stripping of interface solid product layer of electrode interface and reaction interface, reduce ohmage and activate impedance;
2. negative electrode adopts nickel lanthanide composite material, and is processed into multi-C stereo shape, effectively can improve the electrochemical reaction in unit space;
3. cathode inlet adopts the oxygen or the air gas mixture that are not less than 35% steam, effectively can avoid consumption hydroxy in electrolyte.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of Fig. 1 to be of the present utility model with eutectic fusible hydrate mixture be electrolytical Direct Carbon Fuel Cells.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by specific embodiment, set forth the utility model further.
As shown in Figure 1, the Direct Carbon Fuel Cells of the present embodiment comprises: reaction unit 1, positive plate storehouse 2, minus plate storehouse 3, anode current collector plate 4, cathode collector plate 5, microporosity separator 6, cathode pipe 7, air circulation device 8, solar term sheet 9, electrolyte and carbon fuel; Wherein, in reaction unit 1, electrolyte is full of; The positive plate storehouse 2 of tubular and minus plate storehouse 3 are separately positioned on the bottom of reaction unit 1; The pertusate anode current collector plate 4 of tool and cathode collector plate 5 penetrate from the top of reaction unit respectively and extend into positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse; Microporosity separator 6 is set between positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse; Be positioned at minus plate storehouse 3 arrange cathode inlet mouth in the bottom of reaction unit, at the top of reaction unit and the position relative with cathode inlet mouth arranges negative electrode gas outlet, the two ends of cathode pipe 7 connect cathode inlet mouth and negative electrode gas outlet respectively; Cathode pipe arranges air circulation device 8; Air circulation device inside is provided with solar term sheet 9; Carbon fuel is placed in positive plate storehouse 2.Anode current collector plate 4 and cathode collector plate 5 are connected to ammeter A respectively.Negative electrode and anode are placed in minus plate storehouse and positive plate storehouse respectively.Solar term sheet 9 adopts 93%AL
2o
3ceramic substrate is disc-shaped.
Electrolyte is eutectic fusible hydrate mixture, adopts the mixing match solution of LiOH, KOH and NaOH, and best execution mode has: (1) NaOH, KOH and LiOH molar percentage is respectively 60%, 35% and 5%; (2) NaOH, KOH and LiOH molar percentage is respectively 55%, 40% and 5%; (3) NaOH, KOH and LiOH molar percentage is respectively 50%, 45% and 5%.
The utility model by attempting electrolyte on traditional carbon fuel cell device, carry out mixing application to molten caustic soda solution, although traditional KOH or NaOH solution have been tending towards general in application, but in comprehensive electrochemical, still there is certain problem, as not strong in activity, electric conductivity has much room for improvement, by adding LiOH pressed powder, it is utilized to absorb CO
2be weaker than the characteristic of KOH and NaOH, the generation of carbonate can be reduced, itself and KOH and NaOH solution are carried out mixed melting, effectively can improve whole electrolytical electric conductivity, promote catalytic activity, be conducive to fully contacting and the stripping of interface solid product layer of electrode interface and reaction interface, thus reduce ohmage and activation impedance.
It is finally noted that, the object publicizing and implementing example is to help to understand the utility model further, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: in the spirit and scope not departing from the utility model and appended claim, various substitutions and modifications are all possible.Therefore, the utility model should not be limited to the content disclosed in embodiment, and the scope that the claimed scope of the utility model defines with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (8)
1. a Direct Carbon Fuel Cells, described Direct Carbon Fuel Cells comprises: reaction unit, positive plate storehouse, minus plate storehouse, anode, negative electrode, anode current collector plate, cathode collector plate, microporosity separator, cathode pipe, air circulation device, solar term sheet, electrolyte and carbon fuel; Wherein, in reaction unit, electrolyte is held; The positive plate storehouse of tubular and minus plate storehouse are separately positioned on the bottom of reaction unit; Described anode and negative electrode are placed in positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse respectively; The pertusate anode current collector plate of tool and cathode collector plate penetrate from the top of reaction unit respectively and extend into positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse; Between positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, microporosity separator is set; Carbon fuel is placed in positive plate storehouse; Be positioned at minus plate storehouse arrange cathode inlet mouth in the bottom of reaction unit, at the top of reaction unit and the position relative with cathode inlet mouth arranges negative electrode gas outlet, the two ends of described cathode pipe connect cathode inlet mouth and negative electrode gas outlet respectively; Cathode pipe arranges air circulation device; Air circulation device inside is provided with solar term sheet.
2. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be positioned at positive plate storehouse arrange anode inlet in the bottom of reaction unit, at the top of reaction unit and the position relative with anode inlet arranges anode gas outlet, anode air inlet inputs from anode inlet.
3. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described negative electrode is nickel lanthanide composite material negative electrode.
4. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described negative electrode is non-planar multi-C stereo shape, and section curve is the one in triangular waveform, sawtooth waveform, sinusoidal wave pattern, square waveform and corrugated.
5. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solar term sheet is placed in the port of export of air circulation device, and described solar term sheet is provided with position transducer, and described position transducer is connected to electromagnetically operated valve.
6. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solar term sheet is sheet, and outward flange shape is consistent with the shape of the inwall of the port of export of air circulation device, the diameter 1 ~ 2cm less of the diameter of the inwall of the port of export of solar term sheet.
7. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solar term sheet selects high-abrasive material.
8. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described solar term sheet adopts ceramic substrate or polyimide film.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520727839.5U CN205028964U (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | Direct carbon fuel battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520727839.5U CN205028964U (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2015-09-18 | Direct carbon fuel battery |
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|---|---|
| CN205028964U true CN205028964U (en) | 2016-02-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111416141A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-14 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell and power generation device including the same |
-
2015
- 2015-09-18 CN CN201520727839.5U patent/CN205028964U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111416141A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-14 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell and power generation device including the same |
| CN111416141B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-19 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Molten hydroxide direct carbon fuel cell and power generation device including the same |
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| GR01 | Patent grant |