CN203800125U - Direct solid carbon fuel cell stack - Google Patents
Direct solid carbon fuel cell stack Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203800125U CN203800125U CN201320724884.6U CN201320724884U CN203800125U CN 203800125 U CN203800125 U CN 203800125U CN 201320724884 U CN201320724884 U CN 201320724884U CN 203800125 U CN203800125 U CN 203800125U
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- plate storehouse
- cathode
- anode
- carbon fuel
- storehouse
- Prior art date
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- Withdrawn - After Issue
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The utility model discloses a direct solid carbon fuel cell stack. An anode plate chamber and a cathode plate chamber of the cell stack are arranged in a vessel, an insulation separation plate is arranged between the anode plate chamber and the cathode plate chamber, an anode current collection plate and a cathode current collection plate stretch into the anode plate chamber and the cathode plate chamber after penetrating through the top of the vessel, respectively, an anode air inlet pipe and a cathode air inlet pipe stretch into the bottom of the anode plate chamber and the bottom of the cathode plate chamber after penetrating through the top of the vessel, respectively, an electrode filler is respectively arranged on the bottom of the anode plate chamber and the bottom of the cathode plate chamber, the anode current collection plate and the cathode current collection plate are provided with an anode exhaust hole and a cathode exhaust hole, respectively, molten alkaline electrolyte fills the vessel, the bottom of the anode plate chamber and the bottom of the cathode plate chamber are respectively provided with an electrolyte communication hole, carbon fuel is arranged in the anode plate chamber, and oxygen and water are arranged in the cathode plate chamber. The direct solid carbon fuel cell stack overcomes the weaknesses of a traditional direct solid carbon fuel cell and is compact in structure, simple in device, easy to machine, convenient to assemble and convenient for mass assembling and mass production.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of direct solid carbon fuel battery pile.
Background technology
The energy is the pillar of human economy, is also the necessary power of social activities.At present mainly by heat engine, obtain the required elementary power of social activities, be then converted into electric energy.But because heat engine is subject to the restriction of " Carnot cycle ", efficiency improves comparatively difficulty, causes the problems such as energy waste, disposal of pollutants increase.Therefore, develop efficient, clean electric energy acquisition mode, become the inevitable direction of energy development.
Fuel cell can be converted into electric energy by the chemical energy being stored in fuel, is not subject to the restriction of " Carnot cycle ", has that energy conversion efficiency is high, clean, pollution-free, noise is low, specific power advantages of higher, is subject to the extensive attention of countries in the world.Wherein, directly solid carbon fuel battery (Direct Carbon Fuel Cell is called for short DCFC) adopts solid carbon as fuel, and wherein chemical energy is converted into electric energy, has more following advantage: directly and efficiently utilized the energy of carbon in chemical fuel; The theoretical heating rate of solid carbon fuel battery is 100%, and Entropy Changes is 0; The charging of carbon and the carbon dioxide of output are integrated in a unit, easily collect; Rich coal resources, and by plant regeneration, obtain that biomass carbon is simple, cheap, environmental protection; Solid carbon safety, transportation and storage are convenient; Solid carbon directly utilizes, and processes simple, pollution-free.
Directly solid carbon fuel battery can be divided into polytype according to electrolyte difference, and the most temperature of molten carbonate fuel cell is high, and the conversion efficiency of electric energy is low, complex structure, and use barrier film, there is maintenance or replace the shortcomings such as difficulty.And adopt the electrolytical solid carbon fuel battery of molten caustic soda, and have that temperature is low, battery efficiency is high, simple in structure, the advantage such as easy to maintenance.
The late 19th century, because the efficiency of thermal power generation is low to 2.6%, scientists, for raising the efficiency, is simplified energy conversion process and has researched and developed DCFC technology.Within 1896, Jacques has built first DCFC model, utilize carbon electrode to record the open circuit voltage higher than 1V, and maximum current density has reached 100mA/cm at 500 ℃
2.Due to the accumulation of the electrolytical carbonating of alkali and residue, cause this system to move continuously.
In DCFC, take alkaline electrolyte as example, as anode, there is oxidation reaction (reaction one) in solid carbon fuel, discharges electronics; In negative electrode, there is reduction reaction (reaction two), electron gain in oxygen; The transfer of electronics from anode to negative electrode provides electric energy for the external world, and carbon dioxide discharges (reaction three) as unique product.Each reactive chemistry formula is as follows:
Anode reaction: C+4OH
-→ CO
2+ 2H
2o+4e
-
Cathode reaction: O
2+ 2H
2o+4e-→ 4OH
-
Overall reaction: C+O
2→ CO
2
Due to the disposal of pollutants that is all mainly attributed to thermal power plant that increases of global warming, acid rain and solid air particle, meanwhile, energy efficiency only rests on 35% left and right in recent years, and the technological development of DCFC is brought into schedule.The SRI of the U.S., LLNL and SARA etc. take the lead in starting the scientific research of this respect.2010, from Australia, Britain and Chinese scholar, also added R&D force.At present, DCFC technology is still in academic research and research and development of products stage, and technical research will constantly expand.Below representative research model is introduced.
For improve battery operating efficiency, reduce costs, in the urgent need to simply, easily make, efficient solid carbon fuel battery.
With Cooper leader's U.S. Lawrence National Laboratory (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)), developed the fuel cell of fused carbonate.This battery adopts high temperature (800
oc) fused carbonate is as electrolyte, and solid carbon particles is as fuel, and airborne oxygen is as cathodic reduction agent.800
ounder the operating temperature of C, optimization current density is 120mA/cm
2, power density is 60mW/cm
2.
Research and development Zu U.S. SARA company with Zecevic leader has developed alkaline Direct Carbon Fuel Cells.Graphite carbon rod is used to fuel, as plate conductor, is immersed in the NaOH electrolyte of melting simultaneously, and oxygen passes into by the dispersion pipe of battery bottom, and contacts and react with negative electrode as chamber wall.630
ounder the operating temperature of C, having obtained optimization current density is 250mA/cm
2, power density is 57mW/cm
2.
Irvine professor has led the tubulose Direct Carbon Fuel Cells project of complex solid oxide and fused carbonate at Britain University of St Andrews.Solid particle charcoal fuel mixes with fused carbonate and adds in anode storehouse, and soild oxide is as electrolyte, and oxygen is blown into negative electrode as reducing agent.800
ounder the operating temperature of C, optimize current density and power density and reach respectively 170mA/cm
2and 50mW/cm
2.
In China, also have scholar to carry out the developmental research of this respect, such as the Cao Dianxue of Harbin Engineering University, the Yongdan Li of the Ningsheng Cai of Tsing-Hua University, University Of Tianjin etc.Current study general is all at higher temperature (630-800
oc) lower operation, the speed of reacting along with the rising of temperature improves, but the corrosion of electrode material, especially the consumption of charcoal fuel all improves thereupon.Boudouard reaction point out charcoal can with carbon dioxide (CO
2) generation chemical reaction generation carbon monoxide (CO).
C?+?CO
2?=?CO
Follow the raising of temperature, the content of carbon monoxide in gas (CO) is pressed index and is promoted, for example, 800
oduring C, having 89% gas componant is CO, means 89% solid carbon and CO
2there is chemical reaction and consumed.So, the charcoal of consumption just cannot produce electronics, thereby electric energy is provided.600
oduring C, 25% gas componant is CO.So, reduce the generating efficiency that temperature will significantly improve fuel.
For improve battery operating efficiency, reduce costs, in the urgent need to simply, easily make, efficient solid carbon fuel battery, need that design power density is high, compact conformation, reaction temperature are low, manufacture simple directly solid carbon fuel battery pile, advance progress and the application of correlation technique.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of direct solid carbon fuel battery pile, this battery pile adopts double electrode plate model, UXing Guan UNICOM pattern, solved a difficult problem for direct solid carbon fuel battery pile, make stack structure for fuel battery compacter, equipment is simple, be easy to processing, easy to assembly, is convenient to extensive assembling and produces.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the direct solid carbon fuel battery pile of the utility model comprises container, positive plate storehouse, minus plate storehouse, anode current collector plate, anode air inlet pipe, cathode collector plate, cathode inlet pipe, insulating barrier, electrode filler, molten caustic soda electrolyte, carbon fuel, oxygen G&W, described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse are located at respectively in described container, described insulating barrier is located between described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, described anode current collector plate is in described container top penetrates and stretch into described positive plate storehouse, described anode air inlet pipe penetrates and stretches to the bottom in described positive plate storehouse from described container top, described cathode collector plate is in described container top penetrates and stretch into described minus plate storehouse, described cathode inlet pipe penetrates and stretches to the bottom in described minus plate storehouse from described container top, described electrode filler is located at respectively the bottom in described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, described anode current collector plate and cathode collector plate are respectively equipped with anode exhaust and cathode exhaust vent, described molten caustic soda electrolyte injects in described container, the bottom in described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse is respectively equipped with electrolyte UNICOM mouth, described carbon fuel is located in described positive plate storehouse, described oxygen G&W is located in described minus plate storehouse.
Further, above-mentioned positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse are arranged in parallel in described container.
Further, above-mentioned carbon fuel be graphite, coke, carbon black, coal, active carbon, biomass carbon or petroleum coke one or more.
Further, the carbon fuel particle in above-mentioned positive plate storehouse is 10-80 order.
Further, above-mentioned molten caustic soda electrolyte is KOH and/or NaOH.
Further, the gas that above-mentioned anode air inlet pipe enters is the CO of carbon-doped fuel
2, N
2with one or more inert gases in Ar.
Further, the gas that above-mentioned cathode inlet pipe enters is the mist of mist, oxygen and steam or the mixed gas of air and oxygen and steam of air and steam, and in described mist, the ratio of oxygen and water is 0.5~1.5:1.
Further, in the mixed gas of the mist of the mist of above-mentioned air and steam, oxygen and steam or air and oxygen and steam, mix CO
2, N
2with one or more inert gases in Ar.
Further, in said vesse, the working temperature of molten caustic soda electrolyte is 450-800
oc.
Because the direct solid carbon fuel battery pile of the utility model has adopted technique scheme, the positive plate storehouse and the minus plate storehouse that are this battery pile are located at respectively in container, insulating barrier is located between positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, anode current collector plate is in container top penetrates and stretch into positive plate storehouse, anode air inlet pipe penetrates and stretches to the bottom in positive plate storehouse from container top, cathode collector plate is in container top penetrates and stretch into minus plate storehouse, cathode inlet pipe penetrates and stretches to the bottom in minus plate storehouse from container top, electrode filler is located at respectively the bottom in positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, anode current collector plate and cathode collector plate are respectively equipped with anode exhaust and cathode exhaust vent, molten caustic soda electrolyte injects in container, the bottom in positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse is respectively equipped with electrolyte UNICOM mouth, carbon fuel is located in positive plate storehouse, oxygen G&W is located in minus plate storehouse.This battery pile adopts double electrode plate model, and UXing Guan UNICOM pattern has solved the difficult problem of direct solid carbon fuel battery pile, makes stack structure for fuel battery compacter, and equipment is simple, be easy to processing, easy to assembly, is convenient to extensive assembling and produces.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the direct solid carbon fuel battery pile of the utility model.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the direct solid carbon fuel battery pile of the utility model comprises container 1, positive plate storehouse 2, minus plate storehouse 3, anode current collector plate 4, anode air inlet pipe 6, cathode collector plate 5, cathode inlet pipe 7, insulating barrier 8, electrode filler 9, molten caustic soda electrolyte 10, , carbon fuel 12, oxygen 13 and water, described positive plate storehouse 2 and minus plate storehouse 3 are located at respectively in described container 1, described insulating barrier 8 is located between described positive plate storehouse 2 and minus plate storehouse 3, described anode current collector plate 4 penetrates and stretches in described positive plate storehouse 2 from described container 1 top, described anode air inlet pipe 6 penetrates and stretches to the bottom in described positive plate storehouse 2 from described container 1 top, described cathode collector plate 5 penetrates and stretches in described minus plate storehouse 3 from described container 1 top, described cathode inlet pipe 7 penetrates and stretches to the bottom in described minus plate storehouse 3 from described container 1 top, described electrode filler 9 is located at respectively the bottom in described positive plate storehouse 2 and minus plate storehouse 3, described anode current collector plate 4 and cathode collector plate 5 are respectively equipped with anode exhaust 41 and cathode exhaust vent 51, described molten caustic soda electrolyte 10 injects in described container 1, the bottom in described positive plate storehouse 2 and minus plate storehouse 3 is respectively equipped with electrolyte UNICOM mouth 21, 31, described carbon fuel 12 is located in described positive plate storehouse 2, described oxygen 13 and water are located in described minus plate storehouse 3.
Further, above-mentioned positive plate storehouse 2 and minus plate storehouse 3 are arranged in parallel in described container 1.
Further, above-mentioned carbon fuel 12 be graphite, coke, carbon black, coal, active carbon, biomass carbon or petroleum coke one or more.
Further, carbon fuel 12 particles in above-mentioned positive plate storehouse 2 are 10-80 order.
Further, above-mentioned molten caustic soda electrolyte 10 is KOH and/or NaOH.
Further, the gas that above-mentioned anode air inlet pipe enters is the CO of carbon-doped fuel
2, N
2with one or more inert gases in Ar.
Further, the gas that above-mentioned cathode inlet pipe 7 enters is the mist of mist, oxygen and steam or the mixed gas of air and oxygen and steam of air and steam, and in described mist, the ratio of oxygen and water is 0.5~1.5:1.
Further, in the mixed gas of the mist of the mist of above-mentioned air and steam, oxygen and steam or air and oxygen and steam, mix CO
2, N
2with one or more inert gases in Ar.
Further, the working temperature of the interior molten caustic soda electrolyte 10 of said vesse 1 is 450-800
oc.
This directly solid carbon fuel battery pile monomer size can be made into 25cm * 20cm, adopting pure NaOH is 20 object graphite as the air of solid fuel, 3:1 and steam mist as cathode inlet, CO as electrolyte, particle
2as anode air inlet, electrolyte working temperature 600
oc.When this battery pile is worked, graphite powder retains in positive plate storehouse, by anode air inlet pipe by CO
2send into positive plate storehouse, because anode air inlet pipe has opening upwards in positive plate storehouse, by air inlet, drive positive plate storehouse electrolyte inside to flow, by anode exhaust, get rid of gas, anode exhaust is communicated with in positive plate storehouse and outside container; In minus plate storehouse, by cathode inlet pipe, air and steam are sent into minus plate storehouse, because cathode inlet pipe has opening upwards in minus plate storehouse, by air inlet, drive minus plate storehouse electrolyte inside to flow, by cathode exhaust vent, get rid of gas, cathode exhaust vent is communicated with in minus plate storehouse and outside container.In minus plate storehouse, the reaction of oxygen G&W generates OH
-, from cathode collector plate, accept electronics, OH simultaneously
-electrolyte UNICOM mouth by electrode filler by minus plate storehouse is diffused in the electrolyte of container, then by electrode filler, enters positive plate storehouse, OH by the electrolyte UNICOM mouth in positive plate storehouse
-react with graphite and generate CO
2and water, discharging electronics to anode current collector plate simultaneously, electronics passes through anode current collector plate to external circuit, then completes current loop through cathode collector plate.Through actual measurement, obtain voltage 1.08V, battery lead plate current density is 380mA/cm
2.
This battery pile middle-jiao yang, function of the spleen and stomach pole plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse itself participates in chemical reaction as anode and the negative electrode of battery pile, also can increase battery lead plate in positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse simultaneously, to increase the response area of battery lead plate, improves the electrical power of battery pile; Anode current collector plate and cathode collector plate are equipped with external load and form current loop.This battery pile is compared with conventional fuel cell, and its advantage is: 1) molten caustic soda has higher electrons/ions conductivity, 450 than fused carbonate
ounder C, the conductance of molten caustic soda is 650
ounder C 1.5 of fused carbonate times; 2) during with carbon generation electrochemical reaction, the chemical reactivity of molten caustic soda is higher, is conducive to increase anodic current density, reduces overpotential; 3) fusing point of hydroxide is lower, has reduced the requirement of battery operation temperature and material; 4) in cathode gas, can not mix the CO that anode reaction generates
2, be conducive to CO
2reduction of discharging, and CO
2easily reclaim, carbon fuel does not directly contact with air, and anode exhaust is high dense carbon dioxide, and its recovery and utilization can both be carried out with low cost; 5) fuel source is various, can have multiple carbonaceous material, comprises coal, charcoal, biomass carbon or solid refuse charcoal etc., can in system, generate electricity as fuel; 6) battery space is intensive, due to without large number quipments, and compact conformation and intensive, so earth's surface and space utilization efficiency high.
Claims (4)
1. a direct solid carbon fuel battery pile, it is characterized in that: this battery pile comprises container, positive plate storehouse, minus plate storehouse, anode current collector plate, anode air inlet pipe, cathode collector plate, cathode inlet pipe, insulating barrier, electrode filler, molten caustic soda electrolyte, carbon fuel, oxygen G&W, described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse are located at respectively in described container, described insulating barrier is located between described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, described anode current collector plate is in described container top penetrates and stretch into described positive plate storehouse, described anode air inlet pipe penetrates and stretches to the bottom in described positive plate storehouse from described container top, described cathode collector plate is in described container top penetrates and stretch into described minus plate storehouse, described cathode inlet pipe penetrates and stretches to the bottom in described minus plate storehouse from described container top, described electrode filler is located at respectively the bottom in described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse, described anode current collector plate and cathode collector plate are respectively equipped with anode exhaust and cathode exhaust vent, described molten caustic soda electrolyte injects in described container, the bottom in described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse is respectively equipped with electrolyte UNICOM mouth, described carbon fuel is located in described positive plate storehouse, described oxygen G&W is located in described minus plate storehouse.
2. direct solid carbon fuel battery pile according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described positive plate storehouse and minus plate storehouse are arranged in parallel in described container.
3. direct solid carbon fuel battery pile according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described carbon fuel is a kind of of graphite, coke, carbon black, coal, active carbon, biomass carbon or petroleum coke.
4. direct solid carbon fuel battery pile according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the carbon fuel particle in described positive plate storehouse is 10-80 order.
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CN201320724884.6U CN203800125U (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | Direct solid carbon fuel cell stack |
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CN201320724884.6U CN203800125U (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | Direct solid carbon fuel cell stack |
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Family
ID=51382318
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Cited By (9)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN104659389A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-27 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Direct solid carbon fuel cell stack |
CN104733761A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-06-24 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Serial-connection breath-type single-plate cabin solid carbon fuel cell stack and power generation method thereof |
CN104733762A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-06-24 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Parallel breath-type double-plate cabin solid carbon fuel cell stack and power generation method thereof |
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-
2013
- 2013-11-18 CN CN201320724884.6U patent/CN203800125U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (17)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN104659389B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2017-10-27 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Direct solid carbon fuel battery pile |
CN104659389A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-27 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Direct solid carbon fuel cell stack |
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CN104733762A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-06-24 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Parallel breath-type double-plate cabin solid carbon fuel cell stack and power generation method thereof |
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CN104733762B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-04-20 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | The double plate storehouse solid carbon fuel battery piles of breathing pattern in parallel and its electricity-generating method |
CN104733743B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-04-20 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Breathing pattern veneer storehouse solid carbon fuel battery pile in parallel and its electricity-generating method |
CN104733761B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-04-20 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | Breathing pattern veneer storehouse solid carbon fuel battery pile of connecting and its electricity-generating method |
CN104733760B (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2018-04-20 | 扬州雷鸥电业有限公司 | The double plate storehouse solid carbon fuel battery piles of breathing pattern of connecting and its electricity-generating method |
CN110429311A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-11-08 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of anode chamber greatly improving MC-DCFC power density, method and battery |
CN110429311B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2020-12-08 | 华中科技大学 | Anode chamber, method and battery for greatly improving MC-DCFC power density |
CN113410489A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-17 | 东南大学 | Double-cathode plate type aluminum air fuel cell |
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GR01 | Patent grant | ||
AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20140827 Effective date of abandoning: 20171027 |