CN110957513A - Direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near-zero carbon emission - Google Patents
Direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near-zero carbon emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN110957513A CN110957513A CN201911113613.5A CN201911113613A CN110957513A CN 110957513 A CN110957513 A CN 110957513A CN 201911113613 A CN201911113613 A CN 201911113613A CN 110957513 A CN110957513 A CN 110957513A
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- fuel cell
- direct coal
- coal fuel
- power generation
- carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0637—Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system, which comprises a direct coal fuel cell set for generating power by using carbon-containing fuel, a metal-carbon dioxide cell for converting carbon dioxide into formic acid and carbon monoxide; and the anode side of the metal-carbon dioxide battery is connected with an anode gas outlet of the direct coal fuel battery pack. According to the invention, the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack based on the oxygen ion conductor is selected, the Ag nano particles are impregnated on the anode, the length of the anode three-phase interface is increased, and more stable nano silver particles are introduced to cover the surface of the anode, so that the electrochemical performance of the cell can be effectively improved, and the high-efficiency and stable output of the direct coal fuel cell is realized. Meanwhile, the direct coal fuel cell and the metal carbon dioxide cell are combined to convert carbon dioxide generated in the working process of the direct coal fuel cell into formic acid and carbon monoxide, so that near zero carbon emission is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, in particular to a direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission.
Background
At present, a direct coal fuel cell can release a large amount of CO in the process of generating power by utilizing the electrochemical oxidation of coal2None of the prior art references to said CO2Effective treatment of the gas, CO2Since emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere causes global warming, CO generated by electrochemical oxidation of coal for power generation is used2Becomes an urgent environmental problem.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention is directed to a direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near-zero carbon emission, which is aimed at solving the problem of the prior direct coal fuel cell that a large amount of CO is released during the electrochemical oxidation discharge of coal2The problem of not being effectively treated.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a near zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system, the system comprising a direct coal fuel cell stack for generating power using a carbonaceous fuel, a metal-carbon dioxide cell for converting carbon dioxide to formic acid and carbon monoxide;
and the anode side of the metal-carbon dioxide battery is connected with an anode gas outlet of the direct coal fuel battery pack.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near-zero carbon emission is characterized in that the direct coal fuel cell stack is a tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack based on an oxygen ion conductor, and an anode of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack is a porous anode formed by compounding metal nickel and an electrolyte.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission is provided, wherein silver nanoparticles are deposited on the anode of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system is characterized in that the electrolyte is made of a cation conductor ceramic.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission comprises a metal-carbon dioxide battery and a direct coal fuel cell power generation system, wherein the metal-carbon dioxide battery comprises a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte, and the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte are permeable to OH-And H+Are separated by a bipolar membrane.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission further comprises a first heat exchanger, wherein the first heat exchanger is respectively connected with the anode gas outlet end of the direct coal fuel cell stack and the anode side of the metal-carbon dioxide cell; the first heat exchanger is used for cooling gas coming out of an anode gas outlet end of the direct coal fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission is characterized in that the gas outlet end of the metal-carbon dioxide cell is connected with the gas inlet end of the direct coal fuel cell stack through the first heat exchanger.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission further comprises a gasification device for gasifying solid coal fuel, and the gasification device is arranged in the direct coal fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission further comprises a second heat exchanger for heating the oxygen-containing gas entering the direct coal fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near zero carbon emission is adopted, wherein the negative electrode metal of the metal-carbon dioxide battery is zinc or aluminum.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the tubular solid oxide fuel cell group based on the oxygen ion conductor is selected, the Ag nano particles are impregnated on the anode, the length of the three-phase interface of the anode is increased, and more stable nano silver particles are introduced to cover the surface of the anode, so that the electrochemical performance of the cell can be effectively improved, and the high-efficiency and stable output of the direct coal fuel cell is realized. At the same time, the user can select the desired position,the direct coal fuel cell and the metal carbon dioxide cell are combined to convert the carbon dioxide generated in the working process of the direct coal fuel cell into formic acid and carbon monoxide, and the converted tail gas is introduced into the direct coal fuel cell again to ensure that CO in the tail gas and CO which does not react completely are introduced into the direct coal fuel cell2And the carbon is recycled, so that the nearly zero carbon emission is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct coal fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal-carbon dioxide battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of another near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention discloses a low-carbon-emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system, which comprises a direct coal fuel cell set 10 for generating power by using carbon-containing fuel, and a metal-carbon dioxide battery 20. The anode side of the metal-carbon dioxide cell 20 is connected to the anode gas outlet of the direct coal fuel cell stack 10.
In the prior art, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released in the process of generating electricity by utilizing the electrochemical oxidation of coal by a direct coal fuel cell, and the released large amount of carbon dioxide serving as a byproduct of power generation cannot be effectively treated, so that great harm (greenhouse effect) is caused to the environment. In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention adopts a combined power generation technology, namely, a direct coal fuel cell and a metal-carbon dioxide cell are used together, carbon dioxide gas generated in the power generation process of the direct coal fuel cell is introduced into the anode of the metal-carbon dioxide cell, the carbon dioxide gas and the metal cathode are combined to form a cell, and the carbon dioxide gas is converted into carbon monoxide and formic acid with high added values under certain voltage. Thereby well solving the problem that the carbon dioxide gas generated by the direct coal fuel cell power generation can not be effectively treated.
In one or more embodiments, the direct coal fuel cell stack is a tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack based on an oxygen ion conductor, and the anode of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack is a porous anode formed by compounding metal nickel and an electrolyte.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack includes a body 110, an air inlet 1101 disposed at one end of the body, an air outlet 1102 disposed at the other end of the body, and a feed inlet 1103 disposed on the upper surface of the body near the air inlet, where an anode disposed in the body is a porous anode formed by compounding nickel metal and an electrolyte.
In one embodiment, the anode of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack has silver nanoparticles deposited thereon. The length of an anode three-phase interface is increased by soaking silver (Ag) nano particles on the anode, and more stable nano silver particles are introduced to cover the surface of the anode, so that the electrochemical performance of the battery can be effectively improved, and the high-efficiency and stable output of the direct coal fuel battery is realized.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the porous anode compounded by metal nickel and electrolyte includes dissolving silver nitrate salt in deionized water to prepare silver nitrate anode impregnation liquid with a concentration of 0.5 mol/L. The addition of a suitable amount of glycine to the solution serves to complex and promote the formation of the perovskite phase at a lower temperature. Under the vacuum condition, the nitric acid eye impregnation liquid is dripped on the surface of the anode of the battery by a microliter injector, and after five minutes, the redundant impregnation liquid on the surface of the anode is wiped off after the impregnation liquid is infiltrated into the anode framework. The soaked battery is fired at 400 ℃ for 30 minutes, and the heating rate is 2 ℃/minute. The above process was repeated four times and finally sintered at 900 c for 2 hours to obtain the desired nano-silver particle impregnated fuel cell anode.
In one or more embodiments, the metal-carbon dioxide battery includes a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte that are permeable to OH through the positive and negative electrolytes-And H+Are separated by a bipolar membrane.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the metal-carbon dioxide battery includes a positive side 210, a negative side 220, and an OH-permeable disposed therebetween-Ions with H+An ionic bipolar membrane 230. And a gas inlet 2101 and a gas outlet 2102 are also arranged on the positive side, and a gas outlet 1102 of the direct coal fuel cell stack is connected with the gas inlet 2101 on the positive side of the metal-carbon dioxide cell in the using process, namely, carbon dioxide gas generated in the operation of the direct coal fuel cell stack is discharged through 1102 and enters the metal-carbon dioxide cell through 2101.
In one embodiment, the negative metal of the metal-carbon dioxide battery can be zinc or aluminum, and the negative metal can be in the form of powder, foil, plate, etc., or a combination thereof.
Further, the anode electrolyte of the metal-carbon dioxide battery is CO2Saturated 1M KHCO3The electrolyte on the negative electrode side of the battery is 1M KOH +0.1M zinc acetate solution, the electrode is Zn metal, and the electrolytes of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are permeable to OH-and H+Are spaced apart to maintain the respective PH of the bipolar electrolytes. Preferably, the electrolyte on the positive electrode side of the battery can also be NaHCO3The bicarbonate concentration of the solution may be set to 0.5M to 6M.
The whole battery reacts at room temperature to realize CO2Electrochemical reduction of (2):
negative electrode: zn-2 theta-→Zn2+
And (3) positive electrode: CO 22+2H++2e-→HCOOH
CO2+2H++2e-→CO+H2O
Namely, the carbon dioxide is converted into formic acid and carbon monoxide through the zinc-carbon dioxide battery, and the converted carbon monoxide and formic acid cannot affect the environment.
In one or more embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the system further comprises a gasification device 30 for gasifying solid coal fuel, wherein the gasification device 30 is disposed in the direct coal fuel cell stack 10.
Specifically, the coal fuel gas used by the direct coal fuel cell stack may be obtained by separately gasifying coal and introducing the obtained coal fuel gas into the direct coal fuel cell stack to generate electricity. Alternatively, a gasification device may be installed in a direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near-zero carbon emission, and coal may be directly used to generate power. Namely, coal is added into a gasification device, and the coal is converted into gaseous coal fuel gas through the gasification device.
Further, before the coal is added into the gasification device, the coal is pretreated, namely the coal can be subjected to deashing and activating treatment through acid treatment, so that ash accumulation of chemical inertia of the coal at the anode and the graphitization degree of the coal are reduced, and the coal gasification efficiency is improved.
Further, mixing the treated coal with a carbonate auxiliary agent Li2CO3K2CO3，CaCO3The CO-enriched gas fuel is added into the gasification device and gasified under the assistance of carrier gas at the working temperature of 700-800 ℃ to produce CO-enriched gas fuel, and electrochemical reduction is carried out on the anode of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack to realize power generation.
In one or more embodiments, the system further comprises a first heat exchanger 40 connected to the anode gas outlet of the direct coal fuel cell stack and the positive side of the metal-carbon dioxide cell, respectively; the first heat exchanger is used for cooling gas coming out of an anode gas outlet end of the direct coal fuel cell stack. Even if the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas entering the metal-carbon dioxide battery is lowered to facilitate the reforming reaction.
Furthermore, the tail gas after reaction in the metal-carbon dioxide battery pack is cooled by the first heat exchanger and then is introduced into the direct coal fuel battery pack again to be used as reaction gas, and the CO is contained, so that the concentration of CO fuel gas of the anode of the direct coal fuel battery can be increased, the concentration loss is further reduced, and in addition, the cycle of the CO can also increase the formic acid conversion yield in the metal-carbon dioxide battery pack.
In one or more embodiments, the system further includes a second heat exchanger 50 for heating air entering the air pole within the tubes of the direct coal fuel cell stack. Particularly, the temperature rises after the air in the direct coal fuel cell tube is utilized to generate electricity, and the tail gas passes through the second heat exchanger to realize heat exchange with the inlet air, so that the heat efficiency of the direct coal fuel cell set is improved.
In summary, the present invention provides a low carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system, which includes a direct coal fuel cell stack for generating power using coal fuel, a metal-carbon dioxide cell for converting carbon dioxide into formic acid and carbon monoxide; and the anode side of the metal-carbon dioxide battery is connected with an anode gas outlet of the direct coal fuel battery pack.
According to the invention, the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack based on the oxygen ion conductor is selected, the Ag nano particles are impregnated on the anode, the length of the anode three-phase interface is increased, and more stable nano silver particles are introduced to cover the surface of the anode, so that the electrochemical performance of the cell can be effectively improved, and the high-efficiency and stable output of the direct coal fuel cell is realized. Meanwhile, the direct coal fuel cell and the metal carbon dioxide cell are combined to convert carbon dioxide generated in the working process of the direct coal fuel cell into formic acid and carbon monoxide, so that near zero carbon emission is realized.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A near zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system comprising a direct coal fuel cell stack for generating power from a carbonaceous fuel, characterized by further comprising: a metal-carbon dioxide battery for converting carbon dioxide to formic acid and carbon monoxide;
and the anode side of the metal-carbon dioxide battery is connected with an anode gas outlet of the direct coal fuel battery pack.
2. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, wherein the direct coal fuel cell stack is a tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack, and the anode of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack is a porous anode of metallic nickel composited with an electrolyte.
3. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of claim 2, wherein silver nanoparticles are deposited on the anode of the tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack.
4. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of claim 2, wherein the electrolyte is a cationic conductor ceramic.
5. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, wherein the metal-carbon dioxide battery comprises a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte that are permeable to OH through the positive and negative electrolytes-And H+Are separated by a bipolar membrane.
6. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a first heat exchanger connected to an anode gas outlet of the direct coal fuel cell stack and to a positive side of the metal-carbon dioxide cell, respectively; the first heat exchanger is used for cooling gas coming out of an anode gas outlet end of the direct coal fuel cell stack.
7. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of claim 6, wherein the outlet end of the metal-carbon dioxide cell is connected to the inlet end of the direct coal fuel cell stack through the first heat exchanger.
8. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a gasification device for gasifying solid coal fuel, the gasification device being disposed within the direct coal fuel cell stack.
9. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a second heat exchanger for heating the oxygen-containing gas entering the direct coal fuel cell stack.
10. The near-zero carbon emission direct coal fuel cell power generation system of any of claims 1-8, wherein the negative metal of the metal-carbon dioxide cell is zinc or aluminum.
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| CN201911113613.5A CN110957513A (en) | 2019-11-14 | 2019-11-14 | Direct coal fuel cell power generation system with near-zero carbon emission |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116154241A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-23 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Metal-carbon dioxide battery power system coupled with power plant carbon capture and operation method thereof |
| CN116231176A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-06-06 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing air source |
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2019
- 2019-11-14 CN CN201911113613.5A patent/CN110957513A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116154241A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-23 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Metal-carbon dioxide battery power system coupled with power plant carbon capture and operation method thereof |
| CN116231176A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-06-06 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing air source |
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