CN116231176A - Mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing air source - Google Patents
Mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing air source Download PDFInfo
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- CN116231176A CN116231176A CN202310227426.XA CN202310227426A CN116231176A CN 116231176 A CN116231176 A CN 116231176A CN 202310227426 A CN202310227426 A CN 202310227426A CN 116231176 A CN116231176 A CN 116231176A
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- carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
Abstract
The invention discloses a movable metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing an air source, which comprises movable electric equipment, a direct air trapping device and a metal-carbon dioxide battery. The invention collects gas by utilizing the air flow in the moving process of the movable electric equipment, thereby avoiding the energy consumption caused by using an electric fan; after capturing carbon dioxide by the adsorption material, utilizing a large amount of heat carried by high-temperature exhaust gas of the engine to realize carbon dioxide desorption; the desorbed carbon dioxide is used as a reactant of the metal-carbon dioxide battery to generate electricity, the generated electric energy can be transmitted back to the movable electric equipment, and meanwhile, the solid carbonate obtained by conversion can be used for preparing a battery anode material. The invention not only improves the utilization rate of the heat of the system and reduces the energy loss, but also reduces the accumulation of carbon dioxide and increases the economy of carbon dioxide capture, thereby having the effect of multiple purposes in the energy storage and carbon neutralization application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide utilization, in particular to a mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing an air source.
Background
The combustion of fossil fuels results in the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide, and climate change and greenhouse effect due to carbon dioxide accumulation are seriously affecting the global sustainable development. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage technology is considered as an important strategy for realizing low-carbon economy, and lithium ion batteries are the most mature energy storage and conversion technology at present, and through an ion intercalation negative electrode, the lithium ion batteries can store enough energy and can be used in small electronic equipment and even vehicles. Although the mass energy density of the commercial lithium ion battery is close to the theoretical limit at present, the low specific capacity of the commercial lithium ion battery makes the commercial lithium ion battery still difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale energy storage such as a smart grid. In order to break through the capacity limitation caused by the ion intercalation type negative electrode in the lithium ion battery, a battery based on a conversion type negative electrode is attracting attention. Lithium-air batteries with "gas permeable" positive and transition negative electrodes have high specific capacities, but most lithium-air batteries currently operate in pure oxygen atmosphere, carbon dioxide and moisture in the air will react with the discharge product Li 2 O 2 Reaction to finally form Li on the negative electrode 2 CO 3 . Due to Li during charging 2 CO 3 Ratio Li 2 O 2 Is difficult to oxidize, and therefore Li during battery cycling 2 CO 3 Will accumulate on the electrode, resulting in poor cycling performance of the lithium-air battery.
The direct air trapping technology is a technology for directly trapping carbon dioxide from air, the power industry and industry are used as centralized and stable emission sources of the carbon dioxide, the emitted carbon dioxide accounts for about 50% of the total amount, and carbon emission reduction is realized by mainly utilizing carbon trapping, utilizing and sealing technologies aiming at the carbon dioxide emitted by the fixed point sources. In addition, nearly 50% of carbon dioxide emissions come from distributed point sources, and high-concentration carbon dioxide can be directly captured and obtained from air by utilizing a direct air capture technology, so that the carbon dioxide can be further utilized. The direct air trapping technology has the characteristics of small occupied area, flexible site selection, no limitation in aspects of infrastructure, geological conditions and the like, modularization construction and the like, and is an ideal negative emission technology applicable to daily life. At present, most direct air trapping technologies need to use a large fan to enable air to pass through a carbon dioxide adsorbing material, and finally release trapped carbon dioxide in a heating regeneration mode, and still need larger energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
To this end, embodiments of the present invention provide a mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing an air source.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing an air source, comprising:
the direct air trapping device comprises a first shell and a second shell sleeved outside the first shell, wherein an adsorption material is contained in the first shell, a gap is formed between the first shell and the second shell, a high-temperature gas inflow pipeline and a high-temperature gas outflow pipeline are communicated with the gap, and an air inflow pipeline, an air outflow pipeline and a carbon dioxide outflow pipeline are communicated with the inside of the first shell;
a metal-carbon dioxide cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by the diaphragm, and an outlet end of the carbon dioxide outflow pipeline is connected with the negative electrode;
the movable electric equipment comprises an engine, and the direct air trapping device and the metal-carbon dioxide battery are arranged on the movable electric equipment.
In some embodiments, a mass flow control valve is disposed on the air inflow conduit proximate the air outlet end.
In some embodiments, the mass flow control valve is utilized to control the flow rate of air to within 10L/min.
In some embodiments, the air inlet end of the air inflow conduit is provided with an air inlet cover.
In some embodiments, the air inflow conduit is provided with packing or multi-stage baffles.
In some embodiments, the adsorbent material is a solid amine, a zeolite molecular sieve, or a metal organic framework.
In some embodiments, the metal-carbon dioxide cell is one of a lithium-carbon dioxide cell, a sodium-carbon dioxide cell, a zinc-carbon dioxide cell, an aluminum-carbon dioxide cell, a magnesium-carbon dioxide cell, or a potassium-carbon dioxide cell.
In some embodiments, the metal-carbon dioxide battery may provide electrical energy to the mobile powered device, movement of the mobile powered device causing air to flow to provide flowing air to the direct air capture device.
In some embodiments, an exhaust port of the engine is connected to an intake end of the high temperature gas inflow conduit.
In some embodiments, high temperature exhaust gas is generated during operation of the engine and flows into the void via the high temperature gas inflow conduit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the direct air trapping device with the metal-carbon dioxide battery and loads the direct air trapping device on the movable electric equipment, and collects gas by utilizing air flow in the moving process of the movable electric equipment, thereby avoiding energy consumption caused by using an electric fan; after capturing carbon dioxide by the adsorption material, utilizing a large amount of heat carried by high-temperature exhaust gas of the engine to realize carbon dioxide desorption; the desorbed carbon dioxide is used as a reactant of the metal-carbon dioxide battery to generate electricity, the generated electric energy can be transmitted back to the movable electric equipment, and meanwhile, the solid carbonate obtained by conversion can be used for preparing a battery anode material.
The metal-carbon dioxide battery taking carbon dioxide as a reactant can provide higher theoretical voltage and higher theoretical energy density than a lithium ion battery, and avoids the limitation that the lithium-air battery needs to work under pure oxygen atmosphere to reduce side reactions. The direct air trapping technology is combined with the metal-carbon dioxide battery and applied to the existing movable electric equipment, so that on one hand, energy storage, conversion and efficient utilization can be promoted, on the other hand, the economy of carbon dioxide trapping can be improved, the accumulation of carbon dioxide is reduced, and the multi-purpose effect is achieved in the energy storage and carbon neutralization application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing an air source in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of an air inflow conduit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an air inflow duct structure according to another embodiment;
reference numerals illustrate:
the direct air capturing device 1, the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2, the air inflow pipe 3, the air outflow pipe 4, the carbon dioxide outflow pipe 5, the high-temperature gas inflow pipe 6, the high-temperature gas outflow pipe 7, the adsorbing material 8, the engine 9, the air intake cover 10, the partition 11, the mass flow control valve 12, the packing 13, the first casing 14, and the second casing 15.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
A mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system using an air source according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system using an air source of the present invention includes a direct air capture device 1, a metal-carbon dioxide battery 2, and mobile electric devices, wherein the direct air capture device 1 provides carbon dioxide required for the reaction of the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2.
The direct air trapping device 1 comprises a first shell 14 and a second shell 15 sleeved outside the first shell 14, wherein the adsorption material 8 is contained in the first shell 14, a gap is formed between the first shell 14 and the second shell 15, the high-temperature gas inflow pipeline 6 and the high-temperature gas outflow pipeline 7 are communicated with the gap, and the air inflow pipeline 3, the air outflow pipeline 4 and the carbon dioxide outflow pipeline 5 are communicated with the inside of the first shell 14.
Specifically, the direct air capturing device 1 includes a first housing 14 and a second housing 15, wherein the second housing 15 is sleeved outside the first housing 14, the first housing 14 and the second housing 15 form a double-layer housing structure, and a gap is formed between the first housing 14 and the second housing 15. The adsorption material 8 is disposed inside the first housing 14, the adsorption material 8 is used for adsorbing carbon dioxide in air, and the adsorption material 8 is generally solid materials such as solid amine, zeolite molecular sieve or metal-organic framework, and has a loose porous block structure. The air outlet end of the air inflow pipeline 3 is communicated with the interior of the first shell 14, and the air inlet end of the air inflow pipeline 3 is communicated with the atmosphere; the air inlet end of the air outflow pipeline 4 is communicated with the inside of the first shell 14, the air outlet end of the air outflow pipeline 4 is communicated with the atmosphere, air enters the inside of the first shell 14 through the air inflow pipeline 3, the carbon dioxide in the air is adsorbed by the adsorbing material 8, and the air after the carbon dioxide is adsorbed flows to the outside atmosphere through the air outflow pipeline 4. The air outlet end of the high-temperature air inflow pipeline 6 is communicated with a gap between the first shell 14 and the second shell 15, and the air inlet end of the high-temperature air inflow pipeline 6 is communicated with a high Wen Qiyuan; the air inlet end of the high-temperature air outflow pipeline 7 is communicated with a gap between the first shell 14 and the second shell 15, and the air outlet end of the high-temperature air outflow pipeline 7 is communicated with the external atmosphere. The high-temperature gas enters the gap between the first housing 14 and the second housing 15 through the high-temperature gas inflow pipe 6, and the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the adsorbent 8 is desorbed by heating, and then discharged through the high-temperature gas outflow pipe 7. The air inlet end of the carbon dioxide outflow pipeline 5 is communicated with the inside of the first shell 14, and the air outlet end of the carbon dioxide outflow pipeline 5 is connected with the cathode of the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 to provide carbon dioxide required by the reaction for the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2. It will be appreciated that the air stream is independent of the hot gas stream, and that the two streams do not intersect and do not contact.
Valves are arranged on the air inflow pipeline 3, the air outflow pipeline 4, the carbon dioxide outflow pipeline 5, the high-temperature gas inflow pipeline 6 and the high-temperature gas outflow pipeline 7 to control the on-off of the gas flow paths. It is understood that the valve and the controller are matched to realize the automatic on-off of the gas flow path.
In some embodiments, a mass flow control valve 12 is provided on the air inflow conduit 3 near the air outlet end. The flow rate of air is controlled to be within 10L/min by means of a mass flow control valve 12.
In some embodiments, the air inlet end of the air inflow conduit 3 is provided with an air inlet cover 10, i.e. the air inlet cover 10 is provided at the front end of the air inflow conduit 3, and the air inlet cover 10 may be provided to collect more air for the direct air capture device 1.
In some embodiments, the filler 13 or the multi-stage separator 11 is disposed in the air inflow pipe 3, and the filler 13 or the multi-stage separator 11 can reduce the flow velocity of the air, so that the air flow is distributed more uniformly. When the multistage partition plate 11 is arranged in the air inflow pipeline 3, one end of the partition plate 11 is fixed on the inner wall of the air inflow pipeline 3, and the other end is suspended.
The metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, the positive electrode and the negative electrode being separated by the separator. The metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 is one of a lithium-carbon dioxide battery, a sodium-carbon dioxide battery, a zinc-carbon dioxide battery, an aluminum-carbon dioxide battery, a magnesium-carbon dioxide battery, or a potassium-carbon dioxide battery. The metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 typified by a lithium-carbon dioxide battery can overcome the capacity limitation of a lithium ion battery and a lithium-air batteryThe limitation that the cell needs to operate under pure oxygen atmosphere can be provided far higher than that of a lithium ion battery<350Wh kg -1 ) When combined with direct air capture technology and loaded onto existing mobile powered devices, can provide a new platform for both generation of electrical energy and utilization conversion of carbon dioxide. The metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 can simultaneously realize the generation of electric energy and the utilization conversion of carbon dioxide. The metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 takes carbon dioxide as a reactant, and the battery has a simple structure and low price, so that the carbon dioxide can be utilized while generating electric energy. Meanwhile, the solid carbonate obtained by carbon dioxide conversion can be used for preparing a future battery anode material, so that carbon dioxide emission is reduced, and the economy of carbon dioxide capture is improved.
The direct air trapping device 1 and the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 are arranged on the movable electric equipment, and the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 provides electric energy for the movable electric equipment. The movable electric equipment is provided with an engine 9, an exhaust port of the engine 9 is connected with an air inlet end of the high-temperature gas inflow pipeline 6, high-temperature waste gas is generated in the working process of the engine 9, and the high-temperature waste gas flows into a gap between the first shell 14 and the second shell 15 through the high-temperature gas inflow pipeline 6 to heat the adsorption material to realize carbon dioxide desorption.
Specifically, an electric fan is needed in the conventional direct air trapping device 1, and the electric fan converts mechanical energy of rotation of the blades into pressure energy and kinetic energy of gas by means of input electric energy, so that the gas is enriched and conveyed to the adsorption material 8. According to the invention, the direct air trapping device 1 is arranged on the movable electric equipment, and the movable electric equipment moves to drive air to flow, so that flowing air is provided for the direct air trapping device 1, the direct air trapping device 1 can collect air without installing an electric fan, and the consumption of electric energy caused by the use of the electric fan is avoided. Taking an automobile as an example, the automobile promotes air to flow quickly in the moving process, the quickly flowing air can be directly conveyed into the direct air trapping device 1, the requirement of the direct air trapping device 1 on an electric fan is avoided, carbon dioxide is adsorbed in the process, the rest of air is discharged, and after adsorption saturation, the valves of the air inflow pipeline 3 and the air outflow pipeline 4 are closed. The exhaust port of the automobile engine 9 is connected with the air inlet end of the high-temperature gas inflow pipeline 6, high-temperature waste gas is generated in the working process of the engine 9, the high-temperature waste gas flows into a gap through the high-temperature gas inflow pipeline 6 to heat the adsorption material to realize carbon dioxide desorption, the desorbed carbon dioxide enters the cathode of the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 to react for power generation, and the generated electric energy is used for an automobile.
The invention utilizes the high-temperature waste gas generated in the working process of the engine to heat the adsorption material to realize carbon dioxide desorption, thereby improving the energy utilization rate and reducing the energy consumption. The direct air trapping technology is used for being movable, the air trapping device can be installed on the existing movable electric equipment, air is collected by air flowing in the running process of the movable electric equipment, and the requirement on a fan system is avoided. Considering that most of energy can be lost through the emission of high-temperature tail gas in the process of the engine doing work through the combustion of fuel, the energy can be recycled, the trapped high-concentration carbon dioxide is desorbed through the high-temperature waste gas leaving the engine, the high-concentration carbon dioxide is used as a reactant of the metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 for generating electricity, and the generated electric energy can be recycled to movable electric equipment. The movable metal-carbon dioxide battery 2 device utilizing the air source not only improves the heat utilization rate of the movable electric equipment engine and reduces the energy loss, but also avoids the power consumption requirement of an electric fan, increases the economy of carbon dioxide capture, reduces the accumulation of carbon dioxide, and can achieve the effect of multiple purposes in energy storage and carbon neutralization application. The technology has wide application prospect in the future development of Mars detection and nuclear submarine industry.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms may be directed to different embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing an air source, comprising:
the direct air trapping device comprises a first shell and a second shell sleeved outside the first shell, wherein an adsorption material is contained in the first shell, a gap is formed between the first shell and the second shell, a high-temperature gas inflow pipeline and a high-temperature gas outflow pipeline are communicated with the gap, and an air inflow pipeline, an air outflow pipeline and a carbon dioxide outflow pipeline are communicated with the inside of the first shell;
a metal-carbon dioxide cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by the diaphragm, and an outlet end of the carbon dioxide outflow pipeline is connected with the negative electrode;
the movable electric equipment comprises an engine, and the direct air trapping device and the metal-carbon dioxide battery are arranged on the movable electric equipment.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the air inflow conduit is provided with a mass flow control valve proximate the air outlet end.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the mass flow control valve is utilized to control the flow rate of air to within 10L/min.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the air inflow conduit has an air intake shroud at an air intake end thereof.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein a packing or multi-stage baffle is disposed within the air inflow conduit.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent material is a solid amine, a zeolite molecular sieve, or a metal organic framework.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the metal-carbon dioxide cell is one of a lithium-carbon dioxide cell, a sodium-carbon dioxide cell, a zinc-carbon dioxide cell, an aluminum-carbon dioxide cell, a magnesium-carbon dioxide cell, or a potassium-carbon dioxide cell.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the metal-carbon dioxide battery provides electrical energy to the mobile powered device, movement of the mobile powered device causing air to flow to provide flowing air to the direct air capture device.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein an exhaust port of the engine is connected to an intake end of the high temperature gas inflow conduit.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein high temperature exhaust gas is generated during operation of the engine, the high temperature exhaust gas flowing into the void via the high temperature gas inflow conduit.
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| CN202310227426.XA CN116231176A (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing air source |
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| CN202310227426.XA CN116231176A (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | Mobile metal-carbon dioxide battery system utilizing air source |
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