CN1238920C - U-shaped gas collection-parellel current combined sprue of proton exchange membrance fuel cell - Google Patents
U-shaped gas collection-parellel current combined sprue of proton exchange membrance fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN1238920C CN1238920C CNB2004100171919A CN200410017191A CN1238920C CN 1238920 C CN1238920 C CN 1238920C CN B2004100171919 A CNB2004100171919 A CN B2004100171919A CN 200410017191 A CN200410017191 A CN 200410017191A CN 1238920 C CN1238920 C CN 1238920C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The present invention relates to a U-shaped gas collection-parallel current combined flow channel for proton exchange membrane fuel batteries. A negative electrode adopts a U-shaped gas collecting flow channel, and a positive electrode adopts parallel flow channels. The U-shaped gas collecting flow channel of the negative electrode is divided into a parallel gas inlet flow channel and a U-shaped gas discharging flow channel, wherein the U-shaped gas discharging flow channel of the negative electrode is arranged at both sides and the lowest part of the end surface of a battery to surround the gas inlet flow channel of the negative electrode. The parallel flow channels of the positive electrode are arranged between a gas inlet and a gas outlet of the positive electrode. The U-shaped gas collecting flow channel of the negative electrode of the present invention is convenient to discharge liquid water generated in electrochemical reaction, and the gas sealing property is also improved. The parallel flow channels of the positive electrode are convenient to deliver gas and can also reduce the resistance of gas flow in the flow channels of the positive electrode. Due to the existence of the pressure difference of working media of the negative electrode and the positive electrode, part of generated water is convenient to diffuse from the negative electrode to the positive electrode to continuously humidify a proton exchange membrane.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a proton exchanging film fuel battery U type gas collection-concurrent flow combined flow channel, is a kind of novel Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells gas flow, belongs to using energy source fuel cell technology field.
Background technology
Along with the growing tension of resource and running down of environment, countries in the world are all at the novel generation technology of research and development.Fuel battery energy is converted into electric energy with chemical energy and is not subjected to the restriction of Carnot cycle, and efficient is very high, and very friendly to environment.Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells has compact conformation, in light weight, advantage such as current density is big, working temperature is low, toggle speed is fast, and use avirulent solid electrolyte membrane, all have wide practical use in fields such as aviation, traffic, portable power sources, therefore become the fastest fuel cell of development in recent years.
A typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells comprises: negative electrode and anode gas flow channels, negative electrode and anode gas diffusion layer, negative electrode and anode catalyst layer, proton exchange membrane.When operation, reacting gas flows along gas flow, by gas diffusion layers, arrives catalyst surface and reacts, and the gas flowfield that adopts is a parallel flow field usually.But under the high power work condition, the operative liquid water that the negative electrode air flue produces can't in time be discharged, and the diffusion layer surface " is flooded " in meeting, forms gas-liquid two-phase in battery end and flows, and has increased gas diffusion resistance.
The anode and cathode reaction characteristics of fuel cell is also different, and anode-side need produce hydrogen ion and keep certain humidity, prevents the evaporate to dryness of proton exchange membrane; Cathode side need be discharged the water that generates fast.Therefore, anode and cathode working medium runner has different characteristics, should design respectively.
In some documents a kind of interdigitated flow field (Trung V.Nguyen.A gas distributordesign for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells.Journal of ElectrochemicalSociety has been proposed recently, 1996,143 (5): L103-L105).The air inlet runner end is shut in interdigitated flow field, go deep into diffusion layer inside by forced convection mechanism compulsive reaction gas, improved diffusion velocity, improve reaction rate greatly, and can take the aqueous water of assembling in the diffusion layer out of by air-flow, reduce negative electrode and flooded degree, thereby improved the service behaviour of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.But in interdigitated flow field, most of runner of air inlet and exhaust intersects mutually and is arranged in parallel, and air inlet runner has only half of actual battery area, and the real reaction area is also little, so the effective area of battery is less.
In addition, because proton exchange membrane belongs to hydrate, need keep certain humidity during work, take to add part steam during operation in anodic gas, steam is used for moistening proton exchange membrane, plays the effect of humidification.But the adding of steam has reduced the concentration of reacting gas, has increased the diffusional resistance of reacting gas.Therefore, keep certain anode and cathode pressure reduction, form under the pressure-driven, partial reaction generates water and transports from the negative electrode anode, and is very useful to the safe operation of fuel cell.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency, a proton exchanging film fuel battery U type gas collection-concurrent flow combined flow channel is provided, make reaction more abundant, improve the working medium utilance, improve service behaviour at the existence of existing flow field.
For realizing such purpose, in the technical scheme of the present invention, cell cathode adopts U type gas collection runner, is convenient to discharge the aqueous water that electrochemical reaction produces; Anode adopts parallel fluid channels, is convenient to gas delivery, can also reduce anode flow channel gas inside flow resistance.Negative electrode U type gas collection runner is above battery, and the anode parallel fluid channels is below battery.
Negative electrode U type gas collection runner of the present invention is divided into parallel cathode inlet runner and negative electrode U type grate flow channel two parts, parallel cathode inlet runner is made up of vertical runner of a transverse flow channels and branch, by transverse flow channels vertical runner is pooled together with the fuel battery negative pole gas access to be communicated with.Negative electrode U type grate flow channel is arranged in the both sides of battery end face and below, and the cathode inlet runner is surrounded.Negative electrode U type grate flow channel is made up of a transverse flow channels and the vertical runner that is distributed in the battery both sides, by transverse flow channels vertical runner is pooled together with the fuel battery negative pole gas vent to be communicated with.Anode adopts parallel fluid channels, is parallel anode gas flow channels between anodic gas inlet and the anodic gas outlet promptly.Anode gas flow channels is made up of vertical runner of two transverse flow channels and branch, a transverse flow channels of anode gas flow channels is communicated with the anode of fuel cell gas access, and another transverse flow channels of anode gas flow channels pools together vertical runner with the anode of fuel cell gas vent and is communicated with.
Fuel battery negative pole of the present invention adopt the U type around structure, grate flow channel surrounds air inlet runner.The principle in this flow field and the principle of interdigitated runner are similar a bit.The both belong to force mobile, flow to the end of air flue when gas working medium after because air flue is obstructed, then enter U type gas collection runner by the gas diffusion layers internal capillary that contacts with air flue.But the gas in the air flue of interdigitated flow field can spread to the left and right sides, therefore can bring bad influence to the sealing of battery.And adopt the U type around structure after, by diffusion layer to the gas of both sides diffusion can enter around U type gas collection runner discharge, and can therefore not adopt the sealing of U type circulating type battery to obtain reinforcement again to the diffusion of battery outside.
The negative electrode U type gas collection runner and the interdigitated runner in this combination of the present invention flow field are similar but inequality, illustrate that from the aspect, flow field it is better than interdigitated aspect below.In the interdigitated flow field, air inlet runner and grate flow channel intersect mutually and are arranged in parallel, and air inlet runner has only half of actual battery area, so effecting reaction area and little.In the flow field of the present invention, have only air inlet runner to be arranged in parallel, grate flow channel designs endways, and like this, air inlet runner has occupied the entire cell area, and the real reaction area has just increased greatly.If under the situation identical of interdigitated flow field with flow field of the present invention charge flow rate, because the air inlet runner area in flow field of the present invention is than many one times in interdigitated flow field, intake velocity is littler than interdigitated flow field, therefore the time of staying of gas in runner is than the length in interdigitated flow field, react more abundant, the working medium utilance is higher.
In addition, because flow field end is blocked, reacting gas is compelled to enter inner participation of gas diffusion layers and reacts, reaction rate is improved, and the gas that forced convection enters can be taken the aqueous water that generates in the diffusion layer and assemble out of, reduced negative electrode and flooded degree, so its service behaviour is better than parallel flow field.
Simultaneously, adopt Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells U type gas collection-concurrent flow combined flow channel, because it is mobile that the negative electrode employing forces, the gas flow resistance is big, causes the runner internal pressure to increase, and the flow resistance of anode is little, pressure phase target is little, and the existence of negative and positive gas differential pressure is convenient to water and is spread from the negative electrode anode, the humidification that is of value to proton exchange membrane has guaranteed the safe operation of fuel cell.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fuel battery cathode with proton exchange film U type gas collection runner of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1,1 is the fuel battery negative pole gas access, and 2 is fuel battery negative pole plate outer rim, and 3 is the fuel battery negative pole air inlet runner, and 4 is fuel battery negative pole U type grate flow channel, and 5 is the fuel battery negative pole gas vent.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells anode parallel fluid channels of the present invention.
Among Fig. 2,6 is the anode of fuel cell gas access, and 7 is anode of fuel cell plate outer rim, and 8 is the anode of fuel cell gas flow, and 9 is the anode of fuel cell gas vent.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells U type gas collection of the present invention-concurrent flow combined flow channel.
Among Fig. 3,10 is fuel battery negative pole U type gas collection runner, and 11 is the anode of fuel cell parallel fluid channels, and 12 is cathode gas diffusion layer, and 13 is cathode catalysis layer, and 14 is proton exchange membrane, and 15 is anode catalyst layer, and 16 is anode gas diffusion layer.
Embodiment
For understanding technical scheme of the present invention better, be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
It is provided by the invention that Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells U type gas collection-concurrent flow combined flow channel structure as shown in Figure 3.So-called combined flow channel is exactly the work characteristics of fuel cell anode and cathode, chooses the runner of different shape.Cell cathode of the present invention adopts U type gas collection runner 10, and anode adopts parallel fluid channels 11, and negative electrode U type gas collection runner 10 is above battery, and anode parallel fluid channels 11 is below battery.
Negative electrode U type gas collection runner 10 structures of the present invention are divided into parallel cathode inlet runner 3 and negative electrode U type grate flow channel 4 two parts as shown in Figure 1.Parallel cathode inlet runner 3 is made up of vertical runner of a transverse flow channels and branch, by transverse flow channels vertical runner is pooled together with fuel battery negative pole gas access 1 to be communicated with.Negative electrode U type grate flow channel 4 is arranged in the both sides of battery end face and below, and cathode inlet runner 3 is surrounded.Negative electrode U type grate flow channel 4 is made up of a transverse flow channels and the vertical runner that is distributed in the battery both sides, by transverse flow channels vertical runner is pooled together with fuel battery negative pole gas vent 5 to be communicated with.Because the end of cathode inlet runner 3 blocks, reaction working medium enters from cathode gas inlet 1, when flowing to cathode inlet runner 3 ends, carry the aqueous water that electrochemical reaction generates, be penetrated into cathode gas diffusion layer 12, further be penetrated into cathode catalysis layer 13, proton exchange membrane 14, anode catalyst layer 15, the micropore through anode gas diffusion layer 16 inside is transported to negative electrode U type grate flow channel 4 then, after process negative electrode U type grate flow channel 4 compiles, discharge batteries from cathode gas outlet 5.
Galvanic anode of the present invention adopts parallel fluid channels, and structure is parallel anode gas flow channels 8 between anodic gas inlet 6 and the anodic gas outlet 9 promptly as shown in Figure 2, is convenient to gas delivery, can also reduce gas flow resistance in the anode flow channel.Anode gas flow channels 8 is made up of vertical runner of two transverse flow channels and branch, a transverse flow channels of anode gas flow channels 8 is communicated with anode of fuel cell gas access 6, and another transverse flow channels of anode gas flow channels 8 pools together vertical runner with anode of fuel cell gas vent 9 and is communicated with.
The present invention adopts Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells U type gas collection-concurrent flow combined flow channel, and negative electrode U type gas collection runner 10 is above battery, and anode parallel fluid channels 11 is below battery.Because it is mobile that the negative electrode employing forces, the gas flow resistance is big, cause the runner internal pressure to increase, and the flow resistance of anode is little, and pressure is cloudy relatively less.During work, have certain pressure differential between the anode and cathode working medium, the existence of gas differential pressure has increased the electrochemical reaction product water from the diffusion of negative electrode anode, has played automatically proton exchange membrane is carried out the effect of humidification.
Claims (1)
1, one proton exchanging film fuel battery U type gas collection-concurrent flow combined flow channel, it is characterized in that negative electrode adopts U type gas collection runner (10), anode adopts parallel fluid channels (11), negative electrode U type gas collection runner (10) is above battery, anode parallel fluid channels (11) is below battery, negative electrode U type gas collection runner (10) is divided into parallel cathode inlet runner (3) and negative electrode U type grate flow channel (4) two parts, parallel cathode inlet runner (3) is made up of vertical runner of a transverse flow channels and branch, by transverse flow channels vertical runner is pooled together with fuel battery negative pole gas access (1) and to be communicated with, negative electrode U type grate flow channel (4) is arranged in the both sides of battery end face and below, and cathode inlet runner (3) is surrounded, negative electrode U type grate flow channel (4) is made up of a transverse flow channels and the vertical runner that is distributed in the battery both sides, by transverse flow channels vertical runner is pooled together with fuel battery negative pole gas vent (5) and to be communicated with, between anodic gas inlet (6) and the anodic gas outlet (9) is parallel anode gas flow channels (8), anode gas flow channels (8) is made up of vertical runner of two transverse flow channels and branch, a transverse flow channels of anode gas flow channels (8) is communicated with anode of fuel cell gas access (6), and another transverse flow channels of anode gas flow channels (8) pools together vertical runner with anode of fuel cell gas vent (9) and is communicated with.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100171919A CN1238920C (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2004-03-25 | U-shaped gas collection-parellel current combined sprue of proton exchange membrance fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100171919A CN1238920C (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2004-03-25 | U-shaped gas collection-parellel current combined sprue of proton exchange membrance fuel cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1564352A CN1564352A (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| CN1238920C true CN1238920C (en) | 2006-01-25 |
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| CNB2004100171919A Expired - Fee Related CN1238920C (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2004-03-25 | U-shaped gas collection-parellel current combined sprue of proton exchange membrance fuel cell |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100413134C (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2008-08-20 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Method of selecting non-humidification operating condition for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN101312247B (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2010-07-28 | 富准精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Fuel cell polar plate and fuel cell using same |
| CN113013437B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2023-08-01 | 广西大学 | Fuel cell cathode runner with gradually-reduced slope structure |
| CN113782776B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-04-25 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Parallel fuel cell stack flow channel structure with gas collection cavity |
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