CN204848572U - 一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置 - Google Patents
一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN204848572U CN204848572U CN201520470712.XU CN201520470712U CN204848572U CN 204848572 U CN204848572 U CN 204848572U CN 201520470712 U CN201520470712 U CN 201520470712U CN 204848572 U CN204848572 U CN 204848572U
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- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 title abstract 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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[N].N CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，从进水口到出水口依次包括：预脱氨反应池、初沉池、水解酸化池、好氧池、中间沉淀池、厌氧池、接触氧化缺氧段、接触氧化好氧段、二沉池、脱色装置、深度过滤器、消毒器。本实用新型与现行的禽畜养殖废水处理工艺相比，采用了预脱氨反应池进行预脱氨处理，降低后续生化处理阶段，高浓度氨氮对微生物的毒害和抑制，采用两级生化处理单元，具有较好的脱氮除磷效果，且两段式接触氧化池将传统缺氧池与好氧池合建，利用好氧段空气搅拌达到混合液回流目的，省掉了硝化液回流泵和缺氧池搅拌器，降低了运行能耗。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于废水处理及资源化领域，具体涉及一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置。
背景技术
[0002] 养殖业是我国农村发展的重要产业。近些年来，随着养殖规模的不断扩大、饲养数量的急剧增加，使得大量的畜禽粪便污水成为污染源，这些养殖场产生的污染如得不到及时处理，必将对环境造成极大危害，造成生态环境恶化、畜禽产品品质下降并危及人体健康，养殖业污染治理技术的滞后将严重制约养殖业的可持续发展。
[0003] 禽畜养殖废水中含有大量的毛、粪便、食物残渣及溶出物等污染物质。氮、磷及水溶性有机物等含量很高；畜禽粪便中的悬浮物、有机质、盐、沉积物、气体、细菌、病毒与微生物和N、P、K及其他养分，在干湿分离的过程中进入到废水中；畜禽饲料中大量添加的无机磷，各饲料厂和养殖场均普遍采用高铜、高铁、高锌等微量元素添加剂，由于吸收率和利用率都很低易随粪便排出体外进入到废水中，致使养殖废水呈现“三高”，高C0D、高氨氮、高SS0
[0004]目前，国内外对规模化畜禽场粪水的处理方法主要有综合利用和处理达标排放两大类。综合利用是生物质能多层次利用、建设生态农业和保证农业可持续发展的好途径。但是，目前由于我国畜禽场饲养管理方式落后，加上综合利用前厌氧处理的不到位，常使畜禽粪水在综合利用的过程中产生许多问题，如废水产生量大、成分复杂、处理后污染物浓度仍很高、所用稀释水量多和受季节灌溉影响等。
[0005] 对于处理达标排放的来讲，国内外所用的工艺流程大致相同，即固液分离-厌氧消化-好氧处理。无论畜禽养殖场废水采用什么系统或综合措施进行处理，都必须首先进行固液分离，这是一道必不可少的工艺环节，其重要性及意义主要在于:首先，一般养殖场排放出来的废水中固体悬浮物含量很高，最高可达160000mg/L，相应的有机物含量也很高，通过固液分离可使液体部分的污染物负荷量大大降低；其次，通过固液分离可防止较大的固体物进入后续处理环节，防止设备的堵塞损坏等。此外，在厌氧消化处理前进行固液分离也能增加厌氧消化运转的可靠性，减小厌氧反应器的尺寸及所需的停留时间，降低设施投资并提高COD的去除效率。固液分离技术一般包括:筛滤、离心、过滤、浮除、沉降、沉淀、絮凝等工序。目前，我国已有成熟的固液分离技术和相应的设备，其设备类型主要有筛网式、卧式离心机、压滤机以及水力旋流器、旋转锥形筛和离心盘式分离机等。
[0006] 由于养殖业废水属于高有机物浓度、高N、P含量和高有害微生物数量的“三高”废水。因此厌氧技术成为畜禽养殖场粪污处理中不可缺少的关键技术。对于养殖场这种高浓度的有机废水，采用厌氧消化工艺可在较低的运行成本下有效地去除大量的可溶性有机物，COD去除率达85%〜90%，而且能杀死传染病菌，有利于养殖场的防疫。如果直接采用好氧工艺处理固液分离后的养殖业废水，虽然一次性投资可节省20%，但由于其消耗的动力大，电力流水消耗是厌氧处理的10倍之多，因此长期的运行费用将给养殖场带来沉重的经济负担。目前用于处理养殖场粪污的厌氧工艺很多，其中较为常用的有以下几种:厌氧滤器(AF)、上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、复合厌氧反应器(UASB + AF)、两段厌氧消化法和升流式污泥床反应器(USR)等。近年来，厌氧消化即沼气发酵技术已被广泛地应用于养殖场废物处理中，到2002年底我国畜禽养殖场大中型沼气工程数量已经达到2000余处，是世界上拥有沼气装置数量最多的国家之一。虽然，在我国的沼气工程建设中也不乏失败的例子，工程建设成功率仅为85%，但这一技术成为目前解决畜禽粪便污水的无害化和资源化问题的最有效的技术方案。畜禽粪便和养殖场产生的废水是有价值的资源，经过厌氧消化处理既可以实现无害化，同时还可以回收沼气和有机肥料，因此建设沼气工程将是中小型养殖场粪便污水治理的最佳选择。
[0007] 好氧处理是指利用好氧微生物处理养殖废水的一种工艺。好氧生物处理法可分为天然好氧处理和人工好氧处理两大类。天然好氧生物处理法是利用天然的水体和土壤中的微生物来净化废水的方法，亦称自然生物处理法，主要有水体净化和土壤净化两种。前者主要有氧化塘(好氧塘、兼性塘、厌氧塘)和养殖塘等；后者主要有土地处理(慢速渗滤、快速法滤、地面漫流)和人工湿地等。自然生物处理法不仅基建费用低，动力消耗少，该法对难生化降解的有机物、氮磷等营养物和细菌的去除率也高于常规的二级处理，部分可达到三级处理的效果。此外，在一定条件下，该法配合污水灌溉可实现污水资源化利用。该法的缺点主要是占地面积大和处理效果易受季节影响等。但如果养殖场规模小且附近有废弃的沟塘和滩涂可供利用时，应尽量选择该方法以节约投资和处理费用。人工好氧生物处理是采取人工强化供氧以提高好氧微生物活力的废水处理方法。该方法主要有活性污泥法、生物滤池、生物转盘、生物接触氧化法、序批式活性污泥法(SBR)、厌氧/好氧(A/0)及氧化沟法等。就处理效果来讲，接触氧化法和生物转盘的处理效果要好于活性污泥法，虽然生物滤池的处理效果也很好，但易于出现滤池堵塞现象。氧化沟、SBR和A/0工艺均属于改进的活性污泥法。氧化沟出水水质好、产生泥量少，也可对污水进行脱氮处理，但其处理的BOD负荷小、占地面积大、运行费用高。SBR法自动化控制程度高，能够对污水进行深度处理，但其缺点是BOD负荷较小，一次性投资也大。A/0体是一种兼有去除BOD和脱氮双重作用的活性污泥处理工艺，其投资虽然偏大，但经该法处理后的水易于达标排放。因此对于那些养殖规模大、废水产生量多且有较强经济能力的养殖场可选择A/0法，而对于中等规模的养殖场可选择接触氧化和生物转盘等好氧处理工艺。
[0008] 尽管禽畜养殖废水在处理工艺上有较大发展和研究，但是，目前大多数禽畜养殖工艺和设备对养殖废水的处理效率较低，再加上对于我国处于微利经营的养殖行业来讲，建设该类粪污处理设施所需的投资太大、运行费用过高。因此，探寻设施投资少、运行费用低和处理高效的养殖业粪污处理方法，已成为解决养殖业污染的关键所在。
实用新型内容
[0009] 本实用新型的目的是针对禽畜养殖废水的特点，提出一种处理效率高的禽畜养殖废水处理装置。该装置包括:预脱氨反应池、初沉池、水解酸化池、好氧池、中间沉淀池、厌氧池、接触氧化缺氧段、接触氧化好氧段、二沉池、脱色装置、深度过滤器、消毒器。在上述单元的综合作用下，本实用新型禽畜养殖废水处理装置可以达到国家污水综合排放标准一级要求。
[0010] 为实现上述目的，本实用新型采用如下技术方案:
[0011] 一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，从进水口到出水口依次包括:预脱氨反应池、初沉池、水解酸化池、好氧池、中间沉淀池、厌氧池、接触氧化缺氧段、接触氧化好氧段、二沉池、脱色装置、深度过滤器、消毒器。污水通过设置在预脱氨反应池顶部的穿孔布水管进入预脱氨反应池，在预脱氨反应池的进水管道上设置有碱液投加器，用于调整污水的PH值，在预脱氨反应池的底部布置有曝气管道，下降的污水与上升的空气在预脱氨反应池内充分反应，达到吹脱氨氮的目的；预脱氨后的污水通过布置在预脱氨反应池底部的收集管道进入初沉池，在初沉池内进行泥水分离后，污水通过初沉池的出水溢流堰流向水解酸化池；水解酸化池自底部进水，上部出水溢流堰溢流出水；水解酸化池出水流向好氧池，通过设置在好池进水端的进水管进入好氧池，通过设置在好氧池后端的出水溢流堰进入中间沉淀池；中间沉淀池的底部设置有污泥栗，污泥栗的一个输出连接污泥排放管，另一个输出连接污泥回流管，污泥回流管的另一端进入好氧池；中间沉淀池的出水口设置有出水溢流堰，且通过管道连接进入厌氧池；厌氧池出水进入接触氧化池，接触氧化池通过出水溢流堰出水；接触氧化池出水进入二沉池，二沉池的底部设置有污泥栗，污泥栗的一个输出连接污泥排放管，另一个输出连接污泥回流管，污泥回流管的另一端进入厌氧池；二沉池出水进入深度过滤器，在二沉池出水溢流堰和深度过滤器之间的管道上连接有脱色装置加药管，脱色装置加药管一端连接计量栗，一端通过斜三通连接污水管；深度过滤器出水通过消毒器连接到出水管。
[0012] 在上述技术方案中，所述预脱氨反应池内设置有填料，所述填料为聚丙烯多面空心球填料。
[0013] 在上述技术方案中，所述水解酸化池内设置有填料，所述填料为组合填料。
[0014] 在上述技术方案中，所述好氧池底部设置有曝气管，曝气管的一端连接到送气装置。
[0015] 在上述技术方案中，所述厌氧池内设置有低速推流搅拌器。
[0016] 在上述技术方案中，所述接触氧化池包括缺氧段和好氧段，所述缺氧段与好氧段之间无间隔。
[0017] 在上述技术方案中，所述接触氧化池的进水端设置在缺氧段的底部，所述接触氧化池的出水端设置在好氧段的顶部。
[0018] 在上述技术方案中，所述缺氧段与好氧段的空间比为3:7。
[0019] 在上述技术方案中，所述好氧段的底部设置有曝气管，曝气管的一端连接到送气
目.ο
[0020] 一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置的污水处理工艺，包括以下流程:
[0021] 经过预处理的污水进入预脱氨反应池进行预脱氨处理，进水方式采用从预脱氨反应池顶部的穿孔布水管均匀进水；在预脱氨反应池的进水管道上设置有碱液投加器，用于调整污水的PH值；在预脱氨反应池的底部布置有曝气管道，下降的污水与上升的空气在预脱氨反应池内充分反应，达到吹脱氨氮的目的；预脱氨反应池内设置有聚丙烯多面空心球填料。
[0022] 预脱氨反应池的出水经过初沉池沉淀后，进入水解酸化池进行水解酸化处理，进水方式采用从水解酸化池底部的穿孔布水管均匀进水，使得水与污泥能均匀混合；水解酸化池内设置有组合填料。
[0023] 水解酸化池出水进入好氧池，好氧池底部的曝气器向好氧段内提供空气搅拌产生好氧生化发应所需的溶解氧。
[0024] 好氧池出水进入中间沉淀池进行泥水分离，中间沉淀池的底部设置有污泥栗，污泥栗的一个输出连接污泥排放管，另一个输出连接污泥回流管，污泥回流管的另一端进入好氧池。
[0025] 中间沉淀池的出水进入厌氧池，厌氧池内设置有低速推流搅拌器，保证泥水的充分混合。
[0026] 厌氧池出水进入接触氧化池，接触氧化池按照空间比为3:7的比例分为缺氧段和好氧段，厌氧池的出水从缺氧段的底部均匀进入接触氧化池；好氧段底部的曝气器向好氧段内提供空气搅拌产生好氧生化发应所需的溶解氧；接触氧化池好氧段曝气器提供空气搅拌的同时，使得硝化液在接触氧化池内向缺氧段的回流；接触氧化池中处理完的水流向二沉池，在二沉池中沉淀的污泥一部分排除，一部分回流到厌氧池，回流的污泥出口与厌氧池的进水口相邻，使得进水与回流污泥能均匀混合；
[0027] 二沉池上层的水通过管道进入深度过滤器，在二沉池出水溢流堰和深度过滤器之间的管道上连接有脱色装置加药管，脱色装置加药管一端连接计量栗，另一端通过斜三通连接污水管。
[0028] 深度过滤器出水通过消毒器连接到出水管。
[0029] 综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本实用新型的有益效果是:第一，本实用新型与现行的禽畜养殖废水处理工艺相比，采用了预脱氨反应池进行预脱氨处理，降低后续生化处理阶段，高浓度氨氮对微生物的毒害和抑制；第二，采用两级生化处理单元，第一级为水解酸化工艺与好氧结合，在去除小分子有机物的同时，分解高分子难降解有机物，第二级为厌氧池与两段式接触氧化工艺相结合，在进一步去除有机物的同时，具有较好的脱氮除磷效果，且两段式接触氧化池将传统缺氧池与好氧池合建，利用好氧段空气搅拌达到混合液回流目的，省掉了硝化液回流栗和缺氧池搅拌器，降低了运行能耗；第三，采用末端脱色装置对二沉池出水中的色度进行去除，脱色装置的脱色剂投加于二沉池与深度过滤器之间的管道上，利用管道内水的紊流达到脱色剂与待处理水的充分混合，同时脱色产生的絮凝体通过深度过滤器进行过滤，保证了出水的效果。
附图说明
[0030] 本实用新型将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明，其中:
[0031] 图1是本实用新型的结构示意图。
[0032] 其中:1是预脱氨反应池、2是初沉池、3是水解酸化池、4是好氧池、5是中间沉淀池、6是厌氧池、7是接触氧化池缺氧段、8是接触氧化池好氧段、9是二沉池、10是脱色装置、11是深度过滤器、12是紫外线消毒器、13是出水管、14是污泥栗、15是污泥回流管、16是进水管、17是污泥排放管。
具体实施方式
[0033] 如图1所示，本实用新型所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，从进水口到出水口依次包括:预脱氨反应池、初沉池、水解酸化池、好氧池、中间沉淀池、厌氧池、接触氧化缺氧段、接触氧化好氧段、二沉池、脱色装置、深度过滤器、消毒器。污水通过设置在预脱氨反应池顶部的穿孔布水管进入预脱氨反应池，在预脱氨反应池的进水管道上设置有碱液投加器，用于调整污水的PH值，在预脱氨反应池的底部布置有曝气管道，下降的污水与上升的空气在预脱氨反应池内充分反应，达到吹脱氨氮的目的；预脱氨后的污水通过布置在预脱氨反应池底部的收集管道进入初沉池，在初沉池内进行泥水分离后，污水通过初沉池的出水溢流堰流向水解酸化池；水解酸化池自底部进水，上部出水溢流堰溢流出水；水解酸化池出水流向好氧池，通过设置在好池进水端的进水管进入好氧池，通过设置在好氧池后端的出水溢流堰进入中间沉淀池；中间沉淀池的底部设置有污泥栗，污泥栗的一个输出连接污泥排放管，另一个输出连接污泥回流管，污泥回流管的另一端进入好氧池；中间沉淀池的出水口设置有出水溢流堰，且通过管道连接进入厌氧池；厌氧池出水进入接触氧化池，接触氧化池通过出水溢流堰出水；接触氧化池出水进入二沉池，二沉池的底部设置有污泥栗，污泥栗的一个输出连接污泥排放管，另一个输出连接污泥回流管，污泥回流管的另一端进入厌氧池；二沉池出水进入深度过滤器，在二沉池出水溢流堰和深度过滤器之间的管道上连接有脱色装置加药管，脱色装置加药管一端连接计量栗，一端通过斜三通连接污水管；深度过滤器出水通过消毒器连接到出水管。
[0034] 本实用新型中的预脱氨反应池在传统吹脱塔的基础上，通过碱液投加器投加碱液，调节废水PH值在碱性的条件下(PH在9以上)，然后通过空气吹脱的方式将废水中的氨氮进行预处理。
[0035] 本实用新型中的水解酸化池中主要采用水解酸化工艺，该工艺具有去除悬浮物和降解高分子有机物的特点，在工艺开发初期主要应用于污水、污泥处理方面；近年来，又用于去除高悬浮物和脂类物质，如酒糟废液、活性污泥、乳制品废水和畜禽粪便废水等；本实用新型中的水解酸化池能替代传统污水处理工艺中的初沉池和厌氧池，实现对污水中的高分子有机物进行分解。与传统的污水处理装置相比，本实用新型中的水解酸化池可以替代初沉池，提高污水可生化性，同时也可以在一定程度上降低COD总量、将污水中不易生物降解的大分子有机物降解为易于生物降解的小分子有机物，这对于难降解有机废水的治理十分重要。
[0036] 本实用新型中水解酸化池、好氧池和中间沉淀池组成第一级生化处理单元，该单元在较高负荷下运行，通过中间沉淀池中的污泥回流至好氧池以补充好氧池中流失的微生物；该单元对污水中有机物有较高的去除率，有效的降低了第二级处理单元的处理负荷。
[0037] 本实用新型中的厌氧池、接触氧化池和二沉池组成第二级生化处理单元，该单元通过厌氧、缺氧、好氧的组合工艺，在去除有机物的同时具有较高的脱氮除磷效果。
[0038] 本实用新型中的接触氧化池前端为缺氧段，后端为好氧段，两段空间比为3: 7，两段之间为全联通形式，不设置挡水墙；接触氧化池前端底部设置进水管道，进水管道采用穿孔布水管，保证进水均匀，后端上部采用溢流堰出水；好氧段底部设置进气管道，通过空气搅拌达到硝化液在接触氧化池内的回流；接触氧化池内部设置填料；沉淀池污泥回流至接触氧化池前端，保证污泥浓度；接触氧化池底部设置污泥排空管。接触氧化池缺氧段是相对厌氧和好氧来讲，一般是指溶解氧控制在0.2-0.5mg/l之间的生化系统，利于缺氧微生物生长。其作用是活性污泥吸附、降解有机物。通过将接触氧化池好氧段空气搅拌混合液中的亚硝酸盐氮及硝酸盐氮在反硝化菌的作用下生成氮气释放，达到脱氮的目的。接触氧化池好氧段仅需控制溶解氧在2-4mg/L，其需要满足的气水比仅为5:1。其作用是利用好氧微生物作用降解污水中的有机物，同时将污水中的氨态氮转化为硝态氮。
[0039] 本实用新型中脱色装置、深度过滤器和消毒器组成本系统的深度处理单元，通过脱色装置对脱色剂的投加，利用脱色剂的絮凝和脱色机理降低养殖废水出水中的色度，同时还具有进一步降低COD和氨氮的效果；脱色剂产生的絮凝体通过深度过滤器进行过滤，而后通过消毒器进行消毒，保证了出水的效果和安全。
[0040] 本实用新型中预脱氨反应池通过顶部的穿孔配水管、聚丙烯多面空心球填料和底部的曝气管的有机组合，达到下行水和上升空气的充分接触；水解酸化池通过底部穿孔配水管达到进水与污泥的均匀混合；接触氧化池内通过好氧段微孔曝气器的空气搅拌即达到好氧生化发应所需的溶解氧，也起到了硝化液在接触氧化池内向缺氧段的回流。
[0041] 本实用新型并不局限于前述的具体实施方式。本实用新型扩展到任何在本说明书中披露的新特征或任何新的组合，以及披露的任一新的方法或过程的步骤或任何新的组入口 ο
Claims (8)
1.一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，从进水口到出水口依次包括:预脱氨反应池、初沉池、水解酸化池、好氧池、中间沉淀池、厌氧池、接触氧化缺氧段、接触氧化好氧段、二沉池、脱色装置、深度过滤器、消毒器； 在预脱氨反应池顶部设置有穿孔布水管，在预脱氨反应池的进水管道上设置有碱液投加器，在预脱氨反应池的底部布置有曝气管道；预脱氨反应池、初沉池、水解酸化池、好氧池、中间沉淀池每两两之间设置为溢流堰；中间沉淀池的底部设置有污泥栗，污泥栗的一个输出连接污泥排放管，另一个输出连接污泥回流管，污泥回流管的另一端进入好氧池；中间沉淀池的出水口设置有出水溢流堰，且通过管道连接进入厌氧池；厌氧池出水进入接触氧化池，接触氧化池通过出水溢流堰出水；接触氧化池出水进入二沉池，二沉池的底部设置有污泥栗，污泥栗的一个输出连接污泥排放管，另一个输出连接污泥回流管，污泥回流管的另一端进入厌氧池；二沉池出水进入深度过滤器，在二沉池出水溢流堰和深度过滤器之间的管道上连接有脱色装置加药管，脱色装置加药管一端连接计量栗，一端通过斜三通连接污水管；深度过滤器出水通过消毒器连接到出水管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，其特征在于所述预脱氨反应池内设置有填料，所述填料为聚丙烯多面空心球填料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，所述好氧池底部设置有曝气管，曝气管的一端连接到送气装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，所述厌氧池内设置有低速推流搅拌器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，所述接触氧化池包括缺氧段和好氧段，所述缺氧段与好氧段之间无间隔设置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，所述缺氧段与好氧段的空间比为 3:7。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，所述接触氧化池的进水端设置在缺氧段的底部，所述接触氧化池的出水端设置在好氧段的顶部。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种禽畜养殖废水处理装置，所述好氧段的底部设置有曝气管，曝气管的一端连接到送气装置。
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| CN105541003A (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛清科环保科技有限公司 | 一种养殖废水处理方法 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105540999A (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 凯天环保科技股份有限公司 | 养殖废水一体化处理装置 |
| CN105541003A (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛清科环保科技有限公司 | 一种养殖废水处理方法 |
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