CN204725944U - 连接件 - Google Patents

连接件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN204725944U
CN204725944U CN201520212752.4U CN201520212752U CN204725944U CN 204725944 U CN204725944 U CN 204725944U CN 201520212752 U CN201520212752 U CN 201520212752U CN 204725944 U CN204725944 U CN 204725944U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
composite
connector
spr
button
contact site
Prior art date
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Application number
CN201520212752.4U
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English (en)
Inventor
艾因卓·麦凯尔维·坎贝尔
加勒特·桑基·赫夫
阿曼达·凯·弗赖斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/086—Self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/08—Riveting by applying heat, e.g. to the end parts of the rivets to enable heads to be formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7422—Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
    • B29C66/91941—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/91945—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined lower than said glass transition temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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Abstract

一种连接件，包括：第一元件和第二元件，所述第一元件和第二元件相接触以形成第一接触部和第二接触部，所述第二元件为在室温下的非延展性的纤维复合材料；以及连接构件，所述连接构件连接所述第一元件和第二元件以使得所述连接件和所述第一元件未通过所述第二元件被暴露。本实用新型减小连接件对于腐蚀或过早失效的敏感性。

Description

连接件
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种使用自冲铆接来连接诸如碳纤维复合板的碳纤维复合材料的工艺。
背景技术
诸如复合材料板的复合材料用来制造车辆以及车辆结构和车身面板以及其他产品。复合材料板典型地由通过诸如但不限制于碳纤维、玻璃纤维以及天然纤维的材料来增强的一种或更多种聚合树脂制成。复合材料板典型地由坚固的、轻量化材料制成。在某些应用中，复合材料板连接至由铝、钢或其他复合材料制成的板。可使用诸如但不限制于钉牢连接件或铆钉的紧固件来将不同的板连接在一起。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的在于，提供一种连接件以减小连接件对于腐蚀或过早失效的敏感性。
根据一个实施例，公开了一种连接件。该连接件包括第一元件和第二元件，该第一元件和第二元件相接触以形成第一接触部和第二接触部。该第二元件为在室温下的非延展性的纤维复合材料。连接构件将第一元件和第二元件连接，以使得连接件和第一元件未通过第二元件而被暴露。
根据本实用新型的上述连接件的一个实施例，所述连接构件连接所述第一元件和第二元件以使得所述连接构件和所述第一元件未通过所述第二元件被暴露。
优选地，所述连接构件为自冲铆钉(“SPR”)。
优选地，所述SPR包括头部和杆。
优选地，所述SPR杆接触所述第一元件并且延伸进入所述第一元件一个长度。
优选地，所述第一元件为铝材料。
优选地，所述第二元件为复合材料。
优选地，所述第一元件和第二元件分别为第一板和第二板。
优选地，所述纤维复合材料为碳纤维复合材料。
优选地，所述纤维复合材料在已升高的温度下展示了增加的延展性性能。
根据另一个实施例，公开了一种方法。该方法包括将底部层和顶部层接触以在这两个层之间形成接合点。该底部层为在室温下的非延展性纤维复合材料。该方法还包括提升底部层的紧固部的温度以使得紧固部具有延展性。该方法还包括当紧固部在已升高的温度下时，将该底部层和顶部层连接。
优选地，所述紧固部为所述第一接触部。
优选地，所述连接步骤包括使用一个或更多个铆钉来将第一接触部和第二接触部连接。
优选地，所述已升高的温度在100℃至300℃的范围内。
优选地，所述提升步骤使用辐射热、感应热或对流热来实现。
优选地，所述纤维复合材料包括碳纤维材料和聚合材料。
优选地，所述已升高的温度在所述纤维复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(开尔文温度，Kelvin)的+/-30％的范围内。
在又一个实施例中，公开了一种方法。该方法包括将第一板和第二板接触以在这两个板之间形成接合点。第二板为在室温下的非延展性纤维复合材料。该方法还包括仅提升第二板的紧固部的温度以使得紧固部具有延展性。该方法还包括当第二板在已升高的温度下时，使用一个或更多个铆钉将第一和第二板连接以形成连接部。
优选地，所述已升高的温度在100℃至300℃的范围中。
优选地，所述纤维复合材料包括碳纤维材料和聚合材料。
优选地，所述已升高的温度在所述纤维复合材料的玻璃化转换温度(开尔文温度)的+/-30％的范围内。
本实用新型的有益效果在于，减小连接件对于腐蚀或过早失效的敏感性。
附图说明
图1A为待连接的底部层和顶部层的局部透视图；
图1B为沿着图1A的线1B-1B截取的横截面视图；
图2为使用自冲铆接方法来连接纤维复合材料的工艺的步骤的示意图；
图3A为使用自冲铆接方法而连接至铝板的玻璃纤维复合材料板的横截面视图；
图3B为图3A的钮扣状物(button)的仰视图；
图4A为使用自冲铆接方法而连接至铝板的碳纤维复合材料板的横截面视图；
图4B为图4A的钮扣状物的仰视图；
图5A为使用自冲铆接方法而连接至铝板的碳纤维复合材料板的横截面视图，该方法包括将热能施加至碳纤维复合材料；以及
图5B为图5A的钮扣状物的仰视图。
具体实施方式
按照要求，本文中已披露了本实用新型的详细的实施方式；然而，应当理解的是，所披露的实施例仅为本实用新型的示例性示例并且可以以不同的和替代的形式来实施。该附图并不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可被放大或缩小以示出特定元件的细部。因此，本文中所披露的具体结构和功能的细部并不应当理解为限制性的，而是仅仅作为用于教导本领域的普通技术人员来变化地实施本实用新型的代表性基础。
随着汽车工业努力满足消费者燃油经济性预期和企业平均燃油经济性(CAFE)的要求，在替代性轻量化材料(包括但不局限于纤维复合材料)上的兴趣增加了。常见的钢结构的连接方法传统上使用电阻点焊。在使用铝和混合金属连接应用的车辆的情况中，已经利用了自冲铆钉(SPR)技术。SPR技术的一个益处为能够在大批量的生产组装工艺中实施。进一步地，其与粘合剂连接方法兼容，并且因此两个方法可结合使用。然而，SPR技术经常面临的挑战是被连接的板的材料必须具有足够延伸性以形成适当的钮扣状物。该钮扣状物是产生连接件以及提供合适变形以提供充足的机械互锁以及具有可接受的特征(例如，不可接受的钮扣状物破裂不存在)的钮扣状物的结果。
还未发现复合材料，诸如碳纤维或玻璃纤维复合材料，适用于某些连接工艺以及相关材料。这些复合材料中的某些通常在延伸性上具有限制并且不易受到生产适当的SPR钮扣状物所要求的大的位移和变形的影响。一个问题为增强纤维可突破复合板的表面。如果其突破复合板的表面，则碳或天然纤维增强纤维可吸收湿气。吸收湿气的纤维可令人反感，这是因为其可引起腐蚀并且可削弱连接件。当暴露至湿气时，碳纤维可在纤维与金属零件或紧固件接触时引起电化学腐蚀。
虽然已经使用粘合剂连接工艺来连接复合材料，然而这些工艺的使用可导致较低产量的生产方法。进一步地，直至粘合剂固化，未固化的连接件易受到在被连接的零件或板之间的位移和/或移动的影响。需要一种可结合至大批量生产要求中的连接方案，用于连接低延展性纤维复合材料。本实用新型的一个或更多个实施例涉及一种使用SPR来连接纤维复合材料的方法，其产生具有良好成型特性(以及机械互锁)的钮扣状物。
在一个或更多个实施例中，延展性是指材料在未断裂的情况下可塑性地变形的程度或可塑性。虽然，纤维复合材料具有相对低的延展性，然而金属和金属合金趋向于具有高的延展性。相反地，纤维复合材料在周围环境温度下典型性为非延展性的。在一个或更多个实施例中，本实用新型涉及在自冲铆接连接工艺之前和/或期间，用以改善纤维复合材料的延展性的工艺。
复合材料可包括碳纤维和玻璃纤维复合材料、天然纤维、薄片、或微粒、及其组合。复合材料可使用各种不同的纤维密度和形式来生产。复合材料形式的非限制性示例包括随机分散的纤维或对齐的纤维。复合材料可具有多种基体材料(还称为周边材料)，其包括但不限制于热塑性聚合物，诸如聚酰胺或热固树脂(诸如环氧树脂)。
图1A描绘了要使用SPR连接的底部层10和顶部层12的局部视图。如在下文中更加详细地描述的，当驱使铆钉机械时，底部层邻近于冲模(die)。图1B为沿着图1A的线1B-1B截取的横截面视图并且示出了底部层10的第一接触部14以及顶部层12的第二接触部16。底部层10可由复合材料制成。顶部层12可由铝合金、钢、镁合金制成。底部层和顶部层共同限定了稍后收容紧固件的紧固区18，该紧固件诸如但不限制于SPR。
加热器20可用于提升紧固区18的温度，以使该紧固区18可延展从而当底部层10和顶部层12连接时减少破裂和断裂。当紧固区18的至少一部分处于已升高的温度时，则第一接触部14和第二接触部16被连接。在一个或更多个实施例中，局限于紧固区18并且在底部层和顶部层连接之前，热能被施加至复合材料。在替代性实施例中，底部层10和顶部层12由纤维复合材料制成。
纤维复合材料元件可被加热至邻近复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(glasstransition temperature)的温度，以获得复合材料的足够的延展性。一旦复合材料到达预期的升高温度，则层10和12通过诸如铆接的工艺而连接。在层10和12接触之前或之后，复合材料可被加热。应当理解的是，待紧固的元件可包括一个或更多个纤维复合材料或者可为具有一种或更多种材料(诸如金属)的纤维复合材料。诸如但不限制于铝合金、钢或镁合金的金属用在板材加工中并且由SPR(包括但不限制于盘头铆钉和沉头铆钉)紧固。用以使非延展性的纤维复合材料元件紧固的热量的施加可用于其他连接方法，该其他连接方法包括但不限制于热熔钻螺钉连接(flow-drill screwing)和钉牢，这是因为复合层的延展性的增加还有利于用于这些紧固技术。
当元件在输送带上或静止时，可由辐射传热、感应传热或对流传热来施加热能。辐射热可由热表面(诸如电加热固定材料或光源)来提供。对流传热可由热风枪或热气鼓风机(诸如，在火炉或热空气冲击中所使用的鼓风机)来提供。用以改变材料以显示塑性或延伸性性能的复合材料的升高的温度依赖于基体或树脂材料的类型并且与其玻璃化转变温度有关。环氧树脂材料可需要高达300℃来获得延展性性能。对于纤维复合材料，延展性性能的温度可在25℃至300℃的范围内，并且在一个实施例中，对于碳纤维增加复合材料可在100℃至250℃的范围内。选择不会造成损坏复合材料的风险的热源。在一个实施例中，当热能被施加时，复合元件与其他元件接触。为此，并不会接受高功率激光加热，由于当在强烈的局部加热下时，高功率激光加热可化学地且不可逆转地使复合材料的成分降解。此外，激光器的聚焦光束并不会在整个充分的区域加热复合零件，这是因为其热传导性可显著地低于在金属中发现的热传导性。因此，经由辐射(例如，近红外光源)加热或者对流加热预期在本实用新型的一个或更多个实施例中。
参考图2，提供了根据本实用新型的一个实施例的用于纤维复合材料的自冲铆接的步骤的示意图。步骤1为放置底部层10(例如，纤维复合材料)和顶部层12(例如铝)，使得底部层10和顶部层12可在紧固区18处连接。步骤2示出了施加来自加热器20的热能以提升紧固区18的至少一部分的温度。该热能可分别施加至第一接触部14处的底部层10或者第二接触部16处的顶部层12，或者施加至第一接触部14的底部层10和第二接触部16的顶部层12两者。热能还可仅施加至层10和/或12的外表面以避免层的化学或不可逆转地降解。
非延展性元件吸收热能以提升在紧固区18中的温度。该热能可为辐射热或传导热。热能可从一个或更多个加热器中供给。步骤3示出了围绕待连接的紧固区18放置的铆钉22、冲压机24、压边圈26以及冲模28。在步骤4中，冲压机24降低并且开始使层10和12变形。在步骤5中，铆钉22被插入或刺穿进入顶部层12内并且底部层10材料变形至冲模28中并且形成钮扣状物30。步骤6示出了钮扣状物30和已连接的层10和12。
图3A为使用SPR 36连接至玻璃纤维复合板34的铝板32的横截面视图。SPR 36包括头部38和杆40，其在延伸至板32和34中时变形为椭圆形。SPR36延伸至玻璃纤维复合板34和铝板32两者中。杆40延伸至铝板32中并且相对于铝板32、玻璃纤维复合板34和SPR 36的交集区42成正交水平间距。在杆40的左侧横截面上的间距d1大约为0.20mm并且在杆40的右侧横截面上的间距d2大约为0.19mm。如所示出的，间距d1和d2具有最小差异。通过展示了充分的互锁并且示出了这个最小差异的SPR所形成的连接件形成了坚固且耐用的连接件。参考图3B，示出了图3A的钮扣状物44的仰视图。钮扣状物44为光滑的且没有用于湿气渗透或外出的路径或裂纹以及其他缺陷，其为坚固且耐用的连接件的进一步的特性。
图4A为在室温下使用SPR技术连接至碳纤维复合材料元件50的铝元件48的横截面视图。SPR 52包括头部54和杆56。空隙58形成在SPR 52与铝元件48之间。在图4a中示出了空隙58。该连接件示出了与不对称的SPR杆56的不好的互锁。在杆56的左侧横截面上的正交水平间距d1为大约0.17mm，并且在杆56的右侧横截面上的间距d2为大约0.28mm。如所示的，间距d1与d2具有显著的差异。通过示出了这种显著差异的SPR所形成的连接件展示了不好的机械互锁，其可形成弱连接件，并且此外可展示较低的加工能力和可重复性。
参考图4B，示出了图4A的钮扣状物60的仰视图。钮扣状物60破裂并且示出了用于湿气外出的路径或裂纹，因而使得连接件的材料易受到腐蚀或者过早失效。图4A和图4B中示出的失效的类型还不具有可重复性，并且因此该早失效不能被设计考虑到。如在图4A和图4B中所示出的，钮扣状物60中断裂和/或裂纹61穿透使得铝元件48和SPR 52的一部分或区域被暴露出。这种暴露使得铝元件48和SPR 52易受到腐蚀和/或过早失效。这个结果展示了不可接受的钮扣状物破裂。虽然不对称的互锁可使用不同的铆钉材料来解决，然而不可接受的钮扣状物破裂不能使用不同的材料来解决。相反地，如以下参考图5A和图5B中所描述的，一个或更多个实施例的热铆接方法令人满意地提供了具有可接受的钮扣状物特性的最终连接件。
图5A为在已升高的温度下使用SPR技术而连接至碳纤维复合材料元件64的铝元件62的横截面视图。在所示出的实施例中，碳纤维复合材料元件64在与铝元件62连接之前被加热至在180至210℃之间的温度。SPR 66包括头部68和杆70。在图5A中所示出的连接件的区域74为在SPR 66与铝元件72之间的空隙。SPR 66延伸至碳纤维复合板(碳纤维复合材料元件64的一个示例)和铝板(铝元件62的一个示例)的两者中。杆70延伸至碳纤维复合材料元件64中并且相对于元件62和64以及SPR 66的交集区76成正交水平间距。在杆70的左侧横截面上的间距d1大约为0.19mm，并且在杆70的右侧横截面上的间距d2大约为0.16mm。如所示出的，间距d1与d2具有最小差异。通过展示了充分的互锁并且示出了该最小差异的SPR所形成的连接件形成了坚固且耐用的连接件。通过加热碳纤维复合材料元件64至提升的温度而实现的增强的延展性和材料流动性产生了元件62和64之间的充足的互连、杆70的对称并且减少了图5A和图5B的钮扣状物72的破裂。如在图5A和图5B中所示出的，断裂和/或裂纹78并未穿透使得铝元件62或SPR 66的一部分或区域被暴露。这种未暴露的表面减小了铝元件62或SPR 66对于腐蚀或过早失效的敏感性，并且对于上述所描述的不可接受的钮扣状物破裂提供了可重复的且可靠的解决方案。
虽然上述描述了示例性实施例，然而这些实施例并不旨在描述本实用新型的所有可能的形式。相反地，在说明书中使用的词语仅为描述性的词语而非限制性，并且应理解的是，在未脱离本实用新型的精神和范围的情况下可进行各种改变。另外，各种执行的实施例的特征可以相结合以形成本实用新型的另外的实施例。

Claims (7)

1.一种连接件，其特征在于，包括：
第一元件和第二元件，所述第一元件和第二元件相接触以形成第一接触部和第二接触部，所述第二元件为在室温下的非延展性的纤维复合材料；以及
连接构件，所述连接构件连接所述第一元件和第二元件以使得所述连接构件和所述第一元件未通过所述第二元件被暴露。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连接件，其特征在于，所述连接构件为自冲铆钉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的连接件，其特征在于，所述自冲铆钉包括头部和杆。
4.根据权利要求3所述的连接件，其特征在于，所述自冲铆钉杆接触所述第一元件并且延伸进入所述第一元件一个长度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的连接件，其特征在于，所述第一元件为铝材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的连接件，其特征在于，所述第一元件和第二元件分别为第一板和第二板。
7.根据权利要求1所述的连接件，其特征在于，所述纤维复合材料为碳纤维复合材料。
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