CN204665229U - 改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉 - Google Patents
改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN204665229U CN204665229U CN201520372999.2U CN201520372999U CN204665229U CN 204665229 U CN204665229 U CN 204665229U CN 201520372999 U CN201520372999 U CN 201520372999U CN 204665229 U CN204665229 U CN 204665229U
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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，所述的前下集箱(9)通过若干对流管(22)与锅筒(1)连接，各对流管(22)之间设有隔板(31)，对流管(22)和隔板(31)把炉腔分隔成燃烧室(19)和热交换室(33)，燃烧室(19)位于锅筒(1)的侧下方，热交换室(33)位于锅筒(1)的正下方，隔板(31)上设有进火口(29)；所述的燃烧室(19)内设有下倾的阶梯式炉排(17)和下倾的预热干馏板(16)，预热干馏板(16)上固定有煤层厚度控制管(7)，前炉墙(15)上设有三次进风及加煤口(11)、二次进风口(12)和一次进风及出渣口(13)，使煤层同时具备上烧、平烧和下烧三种燃烧方式。采用本上述结构后，具有结构简单合理、操作使用方便、热效率高、环境污染小、达标排放等特点。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明创造涉及一种单锅筒燃煤锅炉，特别是一种节能、环保、高效的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉。
背景技术
[0002] 单锅筒燃煤蒸汽锅炉是一种用来供应蒸汽的锅炉，主要用于工业、种养植业、居民供暖等行业，用途十分广泛。现有的单锅筒燃煤锅炉一般采用固定炉排、链条护排，均为上烧或反烧方式，炉膛位于锅筒的下方，结构简单，操作使用方便，但在使用过程中存在以下不足之处:一是结构不合理，通风不均匀，对煤种有选择，不能用结渣煤和细煤，手工加煤时司炉工劳动强度大；二是燃烧不充分，会冒烟，强制通风，有过量空气，热交换距离短，热效率低，耗电量大；三是排烟温度高，煤灰余热不能利用；四是废气排放达不到要求，黑度和烟尘超标严重，黑度和烟尘水处理后有水污染，还是不能达标排放；四是除尘需用专门设备。为此，许多生产厂家和有识之士专门进行开发和研制，但至今尚未有较理想的产品面世。
发明内容
[0003] 为了克服现有单锅筒燃煤蒸汽锅炉存在的上述的问题，本发明创造的第一目的是提供一种燃烧室位于锅筒的侧下方，热交换室位于锅筒的正下方，上烧、平烧和下烧三种燃烧方式相结合的锅炉，第二目的是提供结构简单合理、操作使用方便、燃烧完全充分、煤灰余热利用、热效率高、环境污染小、无水污染、能达标排放的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉。
[0004] 本发明创造解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案，它包括锅筒、炉墙、底座、前下集箱、后下集箱、左右集箱，后下集箱和左右集箱通过水冷壁与锅筒连接，锅筒内设有若干烟管，所述的前下集箱通过若干对流管与锅筒连接，各对流管之间设有隔板，对流管和隔板把炉腔分隔成燃烧室和热交换室，燃烧室位于锅筒的侧下方，热交换室位于锅筒的正下方，隔板上设有连通燃烧室和热交换室的进火口 ；所述的燃烧室内设有下倾的阶梯式炉排和下倾的预热干馏板，预热干馏板上固定有煤层厚度控制管，前炉墙上设有与燃烧室相通的三次进风及加煤口和一次进风及出渣口，三次进风及加煤口使煤层从上往下进风燃烧，一次进风及出渣口使煤层从下往上进风燃烧。
[0005] 本发明创造的进一步方案，所述的前炉墙上设有与燃烧室相通的二次进风口，二次进风口底部与炉排之间设有隔风和分风板，二次进风口使煤层水平进风燃烧。
[0006] 本发明创造的进一步方案，所述的预热干馏板上固定有预热干馏板温控管，煤层厚度控制管和预热干馏板温控管上部通过对流管与锅筒连接、下部通过对流管与左右集箱连接。
[0007] 本发明创造的进一步方案，所述的燃烧室上设有与进火口相对应的四次进风口。
[0008] 本发明创造的进一步方案，所述的热交换室内至少设有一根中间下集箱，中间下集箱通过对流管与锅筒连接，中间下集箱的对流管之间设有隔板，中间下集箱的对流管及隔板使热交换室内形成至少一次折返的热交换通道，热交换通道的进口与进火口相连，热交换通道的出口与烟管的进烟口连接，烟管的出烟口与排烟口相连。
[0009] 本发明创造的进一步方案，所述的热交换通道上设有中集箱，中集箱通过对流管与锅筒连接。
[0010] 本发明创造的进一步方案，所述左右两侧的炉墙上设有与热交换通道相对应的清灰口。
[0011] 采用上述结构后，与现有技术比较有如下优点和效果:一是由于采用三次通风，使燃烧室实现下烧、平烧和上烧相结构的燃烧方式，出火口四次通风完全燃烧，煤在燃烧室内预热干馏、气化、燃烧，燃烧充分，无烟无尘、无一氧化碳排放。二是锅炉通过一次出渣、在热交换通道上沉降清灰设计，可以使排尘达到燃气锅炉排放标准。三是在二次进风口与炉排之间设置隔风和分风板，可以控制进风走向，保证进风不会上下串通，使燃烧室内煤较少或锅炉小功率运动时热效率影响小。四是在四次进风作用下可以将一氧化碳充分烧尽，无一氧化碳排放。五是热交换室内的热交换通道可以根据锅炉的集热面积设计一次折返、二次折返或多次折返，确保锅炉高效运行。四是也可以使用生物质颗粒燃烧，也可以干柴、垃圾与煤一起混烧。
附图说明
[0012] 图1为本发明创造的主视结构示意图。
[0013] 图2为本发明创造图1的A-A剖面结构示意图。
[0014] 图3为本发明创造锅炉本体的右视结构示意图。
[0015] 图4为本发明创造图2的B-B剖面结构示意图。
[0016] 图5为本发明创造图3的C-C剖面结构示意图。
[0017] 其中I锅筒，2压力表，3安全阀，4排烟口，5进水管，6预热干馏板温控管，7煤层厚度控制管，8中集箱，9前下集箱，10排污口，11三次进风及加煤口，12 二次进风口，13 —次进风及出渣口，14烟管，15炉墙，16预热干馏板，17炉排，18隔风和分风板，19燃烧室，20底座，21四次进风口，22对流管，23中间下集箱，24水冷壁，25后下集箱，26左右集箱，27清灰口，28液位计，29进火口，30进烟口，31隔板，32热交换通道，33热交换室，34煤层。
具体实施方式
[0018]图1至图5所示，为本发明创造一种改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉的具体实施方案，它包括锅筒1、炉墙15、底座20、前下集箱9、后下集箱25、左右集箱26，后下集箱25和左右集箱26通过水冷壁24与锅筒I连接，锅筒I内设有若干烟管14，所述的前下集箱9通过若干对流管22与锅筒I连接，各对流管22之间设有隔板31，对流管22和隔板31把炉腔分隔成燃烧室19和热交换室33，燃烧室19位于锅筒I的侧下方，热交换室33位于锅筒I的正下方，隔板31上设有连通燃烧室19和热交换室33的进火口 29 ;所述的燃烧室19内设有下倾的阶梯式炉排17和下倾的预热干馏板16，预热干馏板16上固定有煤层厚度控制管7，前炉墙15上设有与燃烧室19相通的三次进风及加煤口 11和一次进风及出渣口 13，三次进风及加煤口 11使煤层34从上往下进风燃烧，一次进风及出渣口 13使煤层34从下往上进风燃烧；所述的前炉墙15上设有与燃烧室19相通的二次进风口 12，二次进风口 12底部与炉排17之间设有隔风和分风板18，二次进风口 12使煤层34水平进风燃烧；使锅炉同时具备上烧、平烧和下烧三种燃烧方式，煤层的下方是煤层，前下集箱9可以充分利用煤灰余热。
[0019] 为了快速进行热交换，提高热效率，所述的预热干馏板16上固定有预热干馏板温控管6，煤层厚度控制管7和预热干馏板温控管6上部通过对流管22与锅筒I连接、下部通过对流管22与左右集箱26连接。为了进一步提高热效率，减少一氧化碳排放，所述的燃烧室19上设有与进火口 29相对应的四次进风口 21。
[0020] 为了有效提高热效率和集热面积，所述的热交换室33内至少设有一根中间下集箱23，中间下集箱23通过对流管22与锅筒I连接，中间下集箱23的对流管22之间设有隔板31，中间下集箱23的对流管22及隔板31使热交换室33内形成至少一次折返的热交换通道32，热交换通道32的进口与进火口 29相连，热交换通道32的出口与烟管14的进烟口30连接，烟管14的出烟口与排烟口 4相连。所述的热交换通道32上设有中集箱8，中集箱8通过对流管22与锅筒I连接。
[0021] 为了方便热交换室33清灰，所述左右两侧的炉墙15上设有与热交换通道32相对应的清灰口 27。
[0022] 为了保证锅炉安全运行，所述的锅筒I上设有安全阀3和压力表2、测量水位的的液位计28以及蒸汽出口。
[0023] 为了便于锅炉进水和排污，所述的锅筒I上连接有进水管5，所述的锅筒1、前下集箱9、后下集箱25、中间下集箱23、左右集箱26和中集箱8上对应连接有排污口 10。
[0024] 以上所述，只是本发明创造的具体实施例，并非对本发明创造作出任何形式上的限制，在不脱离本发明创造的技术方案基础上，所作出的简单修改、等同变化或修饰，均落入本发明创造的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，包括锅筒(1)、炉墙(15)、底座(20)、前下集箱(9)、后下集箱(25)、左右集箱(26)，后下集箱(25)和左右集箱(26)通过水冷壁(24)与锅筒⑴连接，锅筒⑴内设有若干烟管(14)，其特征是:所述的前下集箱(9)通过若干对流管(22)与锅筒(I)连接，各对流管(22)之间设有隔板(31)，对流管(22)和隔板(31)把炉腔分隔成燃烧室(19)和热交换室(33)，燃烧室(19)位于锅筒(I)的侧下方，热交换室(33)位于锅筒(I)的正下方，隔板(31)上设有连通燃烧室(19)和热交换室(33)的进火口(29);所述的燃烧室(19)内设有下倾的阶梯式炉排(17)和下倾的预热干馏板(16)，预热干馏板(16)上固定有煤层厚度控制管(7)，前炉墙(15)上设有与燃烧室(19)相通的三次进风及加煤口(11)和一次进风及出渣口(13)，三次进风及加煤口(11)使煤层(34)从上往下进风燃烧，一次进风及出渣口(13)使煤层(34)从下往上进风燃烧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，其特征是:所述的前炉墙(15)上设有与燃烧室(19)相通的二次进风口(12)，二次进风口(12)底部与炉排(17)之间设有隔风和分风板(18)，二次进风口(12)使煤层(34)水平进风燃烧。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，其特征是:所述的预热干馏板(16)上固定有预热干馏板温控管¢)，煤层厚度控制管(7)和预热干馏板温控管(6)上部通过对流管(22)与锅筒(I)连接、下部通过对流管(22)与左右集箱(26)连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，其特征是:所述的燃烧室(19)上设有与进火口(29)相对应的四次进风口(21)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，其特征是:所述的热交换室(33)内至少设有一根中间下集箱(23)，中间下集箱(23)通过对流管(22)与锅筒(I)连接，中间下集箱(23)的对流管(22)之间设有隔板(31)，中间下集箱(23)的对流管(22)及隔板(31)使热交换室(33)内形成至少一次折返的热交换通道(32)，热交换通道(32)的进口与进火口(29)相连，热交换通道(32)的出口与烟管(14)的进烟口(30)连接，烟管(14)的出烟口与排烟口(4)相连。
6.根据权利要求5所述的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，其特征是:所述的热交换通道(32)上设有中集箱(8)，中集箱⑶通过对流管(22)与锅筒⑴连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的改进型单锅筒卧式燃煤蒸汽锅炉，其特征是:所述左右两侧的炉墙(15)上设有与热交换通道(32)相对应的清灰口(27)。
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