CN204460190U - A kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains - Google Patents
A kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains Download PDFInfo
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- CN204460190U CN204460190U CN201520055865.8U CN201520055865U CN204460190U CN 204460190 U CN204460190 U CN 204460190U CN 201520055865 U CN201520055865 U CN 201520055865U CN 204460190 U CN204460190 U CN 204460190U
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- low wall
- transfer surface
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 50
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 48
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010884 boiler slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The utility model discloses the system that a kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves the contamination of high sodium coal combustion, mainly low wall temperature heat exchange area is set before the heat convection region of boiler, the flue gas obtained through separator in boiler is after flue, again through too low wall temperature heat-transfer surface low-temperature heat exchange, sodium salt in flue gas is separated out solidification in a large number, significantly can reduce the sodium salt content in flue gas, thus be easy to remove, thus under the condition affecting boiler efficiency not significantly, can slow down or solve the problem of convection heating surface contamination; The utility model can available protecting heating surface, make boiler can safely, stable, run continuously, add the running time of boiler, improve the benefit of power plant, ensure heating surface exchange capability of heat; The utility model is changed little to boiler body, is easy to arrange, increases power plant's operating cost hardly.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the system that the contamination technology, particularly a kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface that reduce the generation of high sodium coal combustion solve the contamination of high sodium coal combustion.
Background technology
CHINESE COAL resource relative abundance, coal is China's main body energy, in primary energy structure, account for 70%.By the end of the year 2010, national coal will be possessed and will be found out resource reserve 13,412 hundred million tons, and the low-grade coal being wherein representative with low-order coal and high alkalinity coal occupies larger proportion, and wherein high alkalinity coal accounts for 20% of coal resources in China recoverable amount.High alkalinity coal is mainly distributed in Xinjiang region, wherein accurate eastern coalfield resources reserves reach 3,900 hundred million tons, adding up at present to verify coal resources reserves is 2,136 hundred million tons, based on high sodium coal, accurate eastern coal has calorific value middle gray to divide few advantage, but accurate eastern coal is due to the special physical geographic environment of coal-forming history and locality, and grey neutral and alkali material if potassium, sodium equal size are far above common coal, and has serious contamination.
Domestic power plant also lacks engineering operation experience for the high sodium coal of burning, the multiple power plant in Xinjiang region directly burn high basic metal coal time, the convection heating surface brought out by gaseous alkali metal stains adhesion problem, heating surface heat-transfer capability is caused to decline, cause exhaust gas temperature to raise, finally make burner hearth exert oneself and greatly reduce.Boiler of power plant runs at full capacity continuously must blowing out cleaning once week.After convection heating surface contamination bonding, limited space, cleaning bonding is very difficult, has had a strong impact on the long-term safety of boiler, efficient, continuous and steady operation.
Utilize main employing to mix the weak coal mode of burning contamination to the burning of high sodium coal at present, but this control method can only slow down contamination, cannot tackle the problem at its root.When outer coal mixed-fuel burning proportion is excessive, the demand of outer coal is larger, but be subject to the restriction of traffic condition, greatly add operating cost, and the mixed-fuel burning proportion of accurate eastern coal must control in less scope when mixing burning, the extensive efficient pure burning limiting accurate eastern coal utilizes, cause that a large amount of cost of winning is low, combustion activity good, low stain, low emission high sodium coal can not get utilizing well.Also the method utilizing the mode improving boiler structure to reduce contamination is had, such as publication number is CN202813354U, publication date is the Chinese utility model patent document of on 03 20th, 2013, disclose " a kind of flue gas recirculation that utilizes reduces the active device of high sodium coal contamination ", be installed on pulverized-coal fired boiler, at the bottom of the screen of pulverized-coal fired boiler panel superheater and after screen, position is provided with cold flue gas access point, cold flue gas access point is connected with recirculation blower by circulating fan exhaust pass, recirculation blower is connected with the cold flue gas leading point of deduster through recirculation blower inlet flue duct, recirculation blower inlet flue duct is provided with damper, this technical scheme mainly cold flue gas chilling shields the high-temperature flue gas in the end or the region after shielding, and then it is active to reduce the contamination of high sodium coal, and make it be attached in fly ash granule, thus the problem such as contamination, abrasion and corrosion avoiding or alleviate afterbody convection heating surface to occur, but or can not tackle the problem at its root.
Domestic and international research institution in power plant combustion height sodium coal time heating surface stain mechanism carried out large quantifier elimination.It is complicated physical-chemical reaction process that research shows to stain, and is again a dynamic process, both relevant with fuel characteristic, also relevant with service condition with the structure of boiler.In power plant's running, during high alkalinity coal dust firing, in coal, alkali metal generates multiple salt (sodium salt, sylvite) under the high temperature conditions, and obviously can strengthen the contamination of coal ash, heating surface stains to be affected greatly by flue-gas temperature.Found by theoretical and experimental study: it is cigarette temperature and the coefficient result of wall temperature that heating surface occurs to stain phenomenon, the effect of cigarette temperature makes sodium element from coal, separate out (existing with liquid or gaseous form) or do not separate out, and whether sodium salt stains to heating surface then depends on the solidification process of sodium salt.Specific as follows:
1, when flue-gas temperature is interval 700 DEG C of (low temperature) ~ 1100 DEG C (high temperature), when heating surface outside wall surface temperature is in interval 550 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C, in flue gas, sodium salt is easily attached on the tube wall of heating surface, and condenses on heating surface, constantly thicken, accumulate, finally formed and stain and corrosion.
2, when flue-gas temperature is lower than 700 DEG C, when heating surface outside wall surface temperature is in any range, in flue gas, sodium salt exists in solid form, if be attached on heating surface wall, easily remove by purging, heating surface stains and do not occur.
3, when flue-gas temperature is interval 700 DEG C of (low temperature) ~ 1100 DEG C (high temperature), when heating surface outside wall surface temperature is less than 550 DEG C, now sodium salt exists with liquid or gaseous state in flue gas, when sodium salt contacts with heating surface, because heating surface outside wall temperature is lower, the sodium salt of contact can be become solid-state (non-adherent state) from liquid or gaseous state (bonding state), and now heating surface does not stain.
From above result of study, if convection heating surface wall temperature is lower than 550 DEG C, even if flue-gas temperature is in contamination temperature range (700 DEG C ~ 1100 DEG C), the dust stratification that heating surface is formed easily is removed by purging.
Therefore, can take to set low at high cigarette temperature area cloth the mode that sodium salt to be separated out solidification by wall temperature heat-transfer surface and subtract or the contamination in the face that keeps from heat, thus realize pure the burnings utilization of high sodium coal, realize accurate eastern coal resource and utilize on a large scale.
Utility model content
The utility model is the contamination problems solving the existence of existing power boiler burning height sodium coal heating surface, provide the system that a kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves the contamination of high sodium coal combustion, this system is that portion arranges one section of low wall temperature (outer wall temperature <550 DEG C) low wall temperature heat exchange area in face of boiler flue heat convection, by low wall temperature heat-transfer surface and flue gas heat exchange, sodium salt is made to separate out solidification, on heat-transfer surface, sodium salt and dust stratification purge by soot blower, the face that keeps from heat is stain, simultaneously, improve the energy that in low wall temperature heat exchanger tube, medium temperature consumes can effectively utilize, declining to a great extent of boiler efficiency can be avoided.Thus, under the prerequisite affecting boiler efficiency not significantly, can effectively alleviate or solve the heating surface that high sodium coal is pure when burning stain phenomenon, make boiler can for a long time, safe, run efficiently; The utility model effectively can solve existing station boiler convection heating surface contamination problems, ensure the abundant heat exchange of boiler heating surface, stablize boiler output, solve combustion product gases greenhouse cooling heat-transfer surface wall to stain, ensure that heat-transfer surface region wall does not bond, stablize boiler heat exchange ability, the extensive pure burning realizing high alkalinity coal utilizes.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains, it is characterized in that: before the convection current heat affected zone of boiler, be provided with low wall temperature heat exchange area, low wall temperature heat-transfer surface region includes low wall temperature heat-transfer surface, low wall temperature heat-transfer surface comprises hollow cavity and temperature lower than the outer wall of 550 DEG C, arranges heat transferring medium in hollow cavity.
It can be Low Temperature Steam that heat exchange in described hollow cavity is situated between, and also can being boiler feedwater, all for absorbing the heat of high-temperature flue gas, carrying out exchange heat, improves heating efficiency.
Described low wall temperature heat-transfer surface is tubular structure, or low wall temperature heat-transfer surface is coiled structure, is all for sodium salt in flue gas is separated out solidification, reduces sodium salt content in flue gas.
Described system may be used for multiple boiler, and its technical process is as follows:
Step one, enters in boiler by high alkalinity coal;
Step 2, in boiler furnace, high alkalinity coal and air mixed combustion, the high-temperature flue gas generated after burning;
Step 3, the high-temperature flue gas entering follow-up flue, by carrying out heat exchange with the low wall temperature heat-transfer surface of low wall temperature heat exchange area, makes the sodium salt in high-temperature flue gas separate out solidification, by purging or gathering-device removing;
Step 5, the flue gas after removing sodium with low wall temperature heat exchange area heat exchange enters convection current heat affected zone, and heating surface does not stain, and flue gas, after the heat exchange of convection current heat affected zone, enters economizer and air preheater, finally discharges.
Described system goes for fluidized-bed combustion boiler, also be applicable to coal-powder boiler boiler and grate furnace boiler etc., all that high-temperature flue gas is after too low wall temperature heat-transfer surface, separate out a large amount of sodium salts in solidification flue gas, under the condition affecting boiler efficiency not significantly, significantly reduce the sodium salt content in flue gas, thus slow down or solve the problem of convection heating surface contamination.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
(1) the utility model is keeping adopting low wall temperature heat-transfer surface under the constant prerequisite of boiler citation form, when flue-gas temperature is interval 700 DEG C of (low temperature) ~ 1100 DEG C (high temperature), when low wall temperature heat-transfer surface temperature is less than 550 DEG C, now sodium salt exists with liquid or gaseous state in flue gas, and when sodium salt contacts with heating surface, because temperature is lower, the sodium salt of contact can be become solid-state (non-adherent state) from liquid or gaseous state (bonding state), be easy to remove, the sodium salt in flue gas is removed under the condition that flue-gas temperature is higher, sodium salt content in flue gas is significantly reduced, through heating surface, heating surface does not stain, available protecting heating surface, make boiler can safety, stable, continuous operation, add the running time of boiler, improve the benefit of power plant,
(2) the utility model can ensure that convection heating surface contamination not easily occurs, and ensures heating surface exchange capability of heat;
(2) in low wall temperature heat exchange wall of the present utility model, heat transferring medium can take Low Temperature Steam (or boiler feedwater, other cooling mediums), absorbs the heat of high-temperature flue gas, improves vapor (steam) temperature, improves heating efficiency, less on boiler efficiency impact;
(3) the utility model is changed little to boiler body, is easy to arrange, increases power plant's operating cost hardly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system architecture schematic diagram that the utility model is applicable to fluidized-bed combustion boiler;
Fig. 2 is the system architecture schematic diagram that the utility model is applicable to coal-powder boiler boiler;
Fig. 3 is the system architecture schematic diagram that the utility model is applicable to grate furnace boiler;
The side structure schematic diagram of Fig. 4 to be the outer wall of the low wall temperature heat-transfer surface of the utility model be shell and tube;
Fig. 5 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of outer wall in Fig. 4;
The side structure schematic diagram of Fig. 6 to be the outer wall of the low wall temperature heat-transfer surface of the utility model be coiled;
Fig. 7 is the plan structure schematic diagram of outer wall in Fig. 6;
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 air compartment, 2 material inlets, 3 fluid beds, 4 separators, 5 material returning devices, 6 flues, 7 low wall temperature heat-transfer surfaces, 8 heating surfaces, 9 economizers, 10 air preheaters, 11 dedusters, 12 pressure fan, 13 feed bins, 14 material inlets, 15 Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnaces, 16 convection pass, 17 air-introduced machines, 18 pressure fan, 19 air compartments, 20 fire grates, 21 material mouths, 22 combustion chambers, 23 flues, 24 exhanst gas outlets.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and detailed description of the invention, the utility model is described in further detail.
embodiment 1
The utility model low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves system that high sodium coal combustion stains when being applicable to fluidized-bed combustion boiler, as shown in Figure 1.This structure comprises air compartment 1, material inlet 2, fluid bed 3, separator 4, material returning device 5, flue 6, flue 6 is provided with low wall temperature heat exchange area and convection current heat affected zone below, low wall temperature heat exchange area is set before convection current heat affected zone, below convection current heat affected zone, is disposed with economizer 9, air preheater 10, deduster 11.
Wherein, described low wall temperature heat-transfer surface region includes low wall temperature heat-transfer surface, low wall temperature heat-transfer surface comprises hollow cavity and temperature lower than the outer wall of 550 DEG C, low wall temperature heat-transfer surface comprises outer wall and hollow cavity, arrange heat transferring medium in hollow cavity, outer wall can adopt tubular structure, as illustrated in figures 4-5, or coiled structure etc., as shown in fig. 6-7.
It can be Low Temperature Steam that heat exchange in described low wall temperature heat-transfer surface is situated between, and also can be boiler feedwater, all for absorbing the heat of high-temperature flue gas, carry out exchange heat, providing heating efficiency.
Described convection current heat affected zone is provided with heating surface 8.
The course of work of whole system is: boiler normal operating phase, raw coal enters the burner hearth of fluid bed 3 from material inlet 2, burn in burner hearth with the air carrying out air compartment 1, the flue gas of generation enters separator 4 and carries out gas solid separation, is separated the flue gas obtained and enters sky flue 6, after low wall temperature heat-transfer surface 7, flow to heat-transfer surface 8 and carry out heat convection, flue gas enters into economizer 9 after heat exchange, and air preheater 10, enter deduster 11 after completing heat exchange, enter chimney through air-introduced machine.The coal ash particle that separation obtains falls into material returning device 5 and returns fluid bed 3 burner hearth.Boiler slag removal carries out in the bottom of fluid bed 3.High-temperature flue gas is after too low wall temperature heat-transfer surface 7, and the sodium salt in flue gas separates out solidification in a large number, significantly can reduce the sodium salt content in flue gas, thus under the condition affecting boiler efficiency not significantly, can slow down or solve the problem of convection heating surface contamination.
embodiment 2
The utility model low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves system that high sodium coal combustion stains when being applicable to coal-powder boiler boiler, as shown in Figure 2.
This structure comprises pressure fan 12, feed bin 13, material inlet 14, Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 15, convection pass 16, low wall temperature heat-transfer surface 7, heating surface 8, economizer 9, air preheater 10, deduster 11, air-introduced machine 17.
The course of work of whole system is: boiler normal operating phase, raw coal enters Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 15 through coal spread wind by material inlet 14 from feed bin 13, burn in Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 15 with the air from pressure fan 12, combustion product gases enters convection pass 16, after too low wall temperature heat-transfer surface 7, be passed to two heating surfaces 8 and carry out heat convection, flue gas enters into economizer 9 and air preheater 10 after heat exchange, enter deduster 11 after completing heat exchange, enter chimney through air-introduced machine 17.High-temperature flue gas is after too low wall temperature heat-transfer surface 7, and the sodium salt in flue gas separates out solidification in a large number, significantly can reduce the sodium salt content in flue gas, thus under the condition affecting boiler efficiency not significantly, can slow down or solve the problem of convection heating surface contamination.
embodiment 3
The utility model low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves system that high sodium coal combustion stains when being applicable to grate furnace boiler, as shown in Figure 3.
This structure comprises pressure fan 18, air compartment 19, fire grate 20, material mouth 21, combustion chamber 22, flue 23, low wall temperature heat-transfer surface 7, convection heating surface 8, economizer 9, air preheater 10, exhanst gas outlet 24.
The course of work of whole system is: grate furnace normal operating phase, raw coal feeds fire grate 20 from material mouth 21 and enters combustion chamber 22, with the air from pressure fan 18, after air compartment 19 cloth wind, burn in combustion chamber 22, combustion product gases enters flue 23, after too low wall temperature heat-transfer surface 7, be passed to heating surface 8 and carry out heat convection, flue gas enters into economizer 9 and air preheater 10 after convection heating surface heat exchange, discharges after completing heat exchange from exhanst gas outlet 24.High-temperature flue gas is after too low wall temperature heat-transfer surface, and the sodium salt in flue gas separates out solidification in a large number, significantly can reduce the sodium salt content in flue gas, thus under the condition affecting boiler efficiency not significantly, can slow down or solve the problem of convection heating surface contamination.
Claims (5)
1. one kind low wall temperature heat-transfer surface solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains, it is characterized in that: before the convection current heat affected zone of boiler, be provided with low wall temperature heat exchange area, low wall temperature heat exchange area includes low wall temperature heat-transfer surface (7), low wall temperature heat-transfer surface (7) comprises hollow cavity and temperature lower than the outer wall of 550 DEG C, arranges heat transferring medium in hollow cavity.
2. a kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface according to claim 1 solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains, and it is characterized in that: the heat transferring medium in described hollow cavity is Low Temperature Steam.
3. a kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface according to claim 1 solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains, and it is characterized in that: the heat transferring medium in described hollow cavity is boiler feedwater.
4. a kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface according to claim 1 solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains, and it is characterized in that: described low wall temperature heat-transfer surface (7) is tubular structure.
5. a kind of low wall temperature heat-transfer surface according to claim 1 solves the system that high sodium coal combustion stains, and it is characterized in that: described low wall temperature heat-transfer surface (7) is coiled structure.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110006052A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-07-12 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of waste incineration afterheat utilizing system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110006052A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-07-12 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of waste incineration afterheat utilizing system |
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Effective date of registration: 20180428 Address after: 610000 18 West core road, hi-tech West District, Chengdu, Sichuan Patentee after: Dongfang Electric Co., Ltd. Address before: 610036 Shu Han Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, No. 333 Patentee before: Dongfang Electric Corporation |