A kind of induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device, belongs to metallic substance and shapes technical field.
Background technology
The refinement of solidified structure, homogenizing are the key links improving metallic substance performance and quality, are the technical foundation realizing the nearly end form formed machining of metallic substance short route.But the coagulating property intrinsic by metallic substance limits, organize the characteristic distributions usually presenting " three crystal zones ", there is the problems such as coarse grains, component segregation, uneven microstructure, solidify particularly evident for large volume alloy melt.Therefore, how to obtain tiny, rounding, equally distributed solidified structure is the hot issue that material scholars study always.For this problem in science, all attempt both at home and abroad adopting the process of setting applying outfield (induction stirring, mechanical stirring, ultrasonic vibration etc.) and intervene alloy melt, alloy melt is made to produce strong disturbance by applying outfield, impel the temperature field of alloy melt, become branch more even, and then a large amount of forming core while of making alloy melt within the scope of whole melt, thus realize the accurate control of alloy melt solidifying tissue, obtain the solidified structure of fine uniform, final crystal grain thinning tissue.
Wherein, due to electromagnetic stirring method have energy high-density and spatter property, superior responsiveness and controllability, be easy to automatization, capacity usage ratio advantages of higher, so take the lead in realizing industrialization and obtain commercial applications comparatively widely.But traditional electromagnetic agitating technology has an inherent defect, the i.e. surface action of electromagnetic induction: the induced current that the molten metal at high frequencies in agitator produces mainly is gathered in the position near agitator inwall, and the induced current of central position is then very little.Electromagnetic field is stronger, frequency is higher, collection skin layers will be less, this causes stirring action only to concentrate on a very little thin layer on surface, collection skin layers thickness is too little with the ratio of radius, and make center large-area molten metal mixing effect very poor, thus make molten metal cannot obtain uniform stirring, from heart portion to the temperature field of the alloy melt of edge and composition field distribution uneven.For the problems referred to above, the people such as Beijing Non-Ferrous Metal Research General Academy professor Xu Jun develop Novel ring seam electromagnetic stirring method technique (Chinese patent 200810116181.9).The innovation of circular seam type electromagnetic agitating technology is: applying electromagnetism and clearance type are stirred ingenious combination, reduces the radial area of teeter column, adds axial area and built-in cooling system.On the one hand shearing resistance is significantly improved, stir more even; Increase the area of dissipation of melt on the other hand, reduce the temperature head of melt.Its objective is and obtain uniform temperature field and become branch, realize compelling, equal-freezing, and then obtain the solidified structure of fine uniform.
But due to the natural characteristics of induction stirring, electromagnetic force is in the melt by circumference distribution, and the flowing of melt is also based on laminar flow, moves in the circumferential direction, this just inevitably creates the thermograde and component gradient that radially distribute.The shearing resistance of melt is the velocity of variation of melt flow along radial direction, and because the speed difference radially distributed by the melt of traditional induction stirring is less, and direction is identical, so the shearing resistance of melt is less.Simultaneously because electromagnetic stirring equipment temperature control ratio is more difficult, so the more difficult accurate control of the temperature of melt.And the final use properties of the defect alloy such as the oxide inclusion of alloy inside and pore also has very important impact.For in known induction stirring melt treatment equipment, how removing that melt internal oxidition is mingled with gas is also a more loaded down with trivial details difficult problem.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of electromagnet and stirs high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device.This device takes full advantage of the surface action of induction stirring, simultaneously by the ingehious design of stir chamber body structure, melt flow presents turbulent state, makes melt be subject to stirring more even, temperature field is with to become branch to distribute in whole melt volume more even, and the shearing resistance of melt obviously increases.Add the automatic degasification slag removing function of melt simultaneously.
A kind of induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device, this device forms primarily of crucible, magnetic stirrer, melt treatment cavity and temperature control unit.In the apparatus, core apparatus is melt treatment cavity and temperature control unit.Described melt treatment cavity is primarily of shell cavity, flabellum, middle plug, degasifying device and deslagging device composition, and described crucible is controlled to move into or to shift out melt treatment cavity by machinery controls.
Temperature-control device comprises oil duct and oil-in, and described oil duct is arranged at the inside of melt treatment shell cavity, flabellum and middle plug, is passed into the oil of temperature control can be controlled the temperature of melt treatment cavity by oil-in.
Described flabellum comprises outer flabellum and interior flabellum, has four respectively.The upper end of described outer flabellum is connected with shell cavity top, and four outer flabellums are separated by 90 ° and are uniformly distributed; Outer flabellum and shell cavity leave the gap of a fixed width, so that crucible enters, and exterior wing blade face and be 30 ~ 60 ° by the angle of this flabellum between the cylindrical melt treatment cavity shaft section on the limit of shell cavity.The upper end of described interior flabellum is connected with shell cavity top, and interior flabellum and middle core rod touch, four interior flabellums are separated by 90 ° and are uniformly distributed; Interior wing blade face contact with by this flabellum in the middle of plug limit cylindrical melt treatment cavity shaft section between angle be 120 ~ 150 °.And two adjacent limits by plug in the middle of interior flabellum contact and the angle of outer flabellum between the cylindrical melt treatment cavity shaft section on the limit of shell cavity are 45 °.The liquid form of melt controls primarily of plug and the distinctive structure of flabellum, realizes the turbulent flow of melt in whole volume, realizes the Strong shear of melt.
Described degasifying device is by being arranged at the air flue of middle plug, inlet mouth and forming except pore, and melt is automatically except airway dysfunction realizes primarily of the air flue arranged in plug with except pore.
Described deslagging device is be arranged at the filtering net bottom middle plug, and melt self-skimming function realizes primarily of the filtering net arranged bottom plug.
Described melt treatment cavity is the cylindrical structural of lower aperture, and melt treatment cavity top is provided with opening for feed.Described magnetic stirrer is arranged at the outside of melt treatment cavity.
The utility model additionally provides and adopts said apparatus to carry out induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing method.
A kind of induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing method, comprise the steps:
(1) regulate the temperature of oil in oil duct to control the temperature of melt treatment cavity by temperature control unit, after preset temperature to be achieved, the crucible being preheating to certain temperature is put in melt treatment cavity by machinery controls;
(2) pass into degasification gas, pour into metal melt by opening for feed afterwards, start magnetic stirrer, the metal melt in crucible is processed, after having processed, take out crucible by machinery controls.
Metal melt after process is poured into forming mould, carries out die casting, extrusion casting or other molding modes.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the advantage of:
(1) compared with traditional induction stirring, due to the particular design of the utility model stir chamber body structure, the surface action of induction stirring can be made full use of, Strong shear process is carried out to melt, melt can be made to produce turbulent flow, make stirring more even, Temperature Field in Melt with become branch and can not there is the gradient radially distributed, a large amount of forming core while of finally making alloy melt within the scope of whole melt, thus realize the accurate control of alloy melt solidifying tissue, obtain the solidified structure of fine uniform, final crystal grain thinning tissue.
(2) compared with traditional induction stirring, due to the setting of oil duct, stir chamber temperature is controlled more accurate, add degasifying device and deslagging device simultaneously, automatic degasification slagging-off can be realized after melt treatment, omit artificial degasification slagging-off, improve melt treatment efficiency, cost-saving.
By the metal melt forming part fine microstructures of the utility model process, evenly, performance improves greatly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-1 to Fig. 1-2 is induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device schematic diagram, wherein, and Fig. 1-1: melt treatment and self-clearing device; Fig. 1-2: stir cavity primary structure.
Fig. 2-1 to Fig. 2-4 is induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device and shaping schematic view, wherein Fig. 2-1: melt treatment; Fig. 2-2: be disposed; Fig. 2-3: melt is injected into die cavity; Fig. 2-4: die cast.
Fig. 3-1 to Fig. 3-3 is the flow state mimic diagram of alloy melt Different treatments, wherein, and Fig. 3-1: ordinary electromagnetic whipping appts; Fig. 3-2: circular seam type electromagnetic mixing apparatus; Fig. 3-3: the utility model induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device.
Main Reference Numerals:
1 crucible 2 magnetic stirrer
3 (melt treatment) shell cavity 4 oil duct
5 middle plug 6 flabellums
7 oil-in 8 inlet mouths
9 except pore 10 filtering net
11 opening for feed 12 machinery controlss
13 metal melt 14 ventpipes (air flue)
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1-1 and Fig. 1-2, induction stirring high-shear melt treatment of the present utility model and self-clearing device, form primarily of crucible 1, magnetic stirrer 2, melt treatment cavity and temperature control unit.In the apparatus, core apparatus is melt treatment cavity and temperature control unit.Melt treatment cavity is primarily of shell cavity 3, flabellum 6, middle plug 5, degasifying device and deslagging device composition, and crucible 1 is controlled to move into or to shift out melt treatment cavity by automation control device 12.
Temperature-control device comprises oil duct 4 and oil-in 7, and oil duct 4 is arranged on melt treatment shell cavity 3 inside, and middle plug 5 inside and flabellum 6 also arrange oil duct 4.Temperature controls by increasing oil duct 4 in melt treatment inside cavity, passes into and can the oil of the temperature control temperature of carrying out stirring cavity control, accurately control melt temperature.
Flabellum 6 comprises outer flabellum and interior flabellum, has four respectively.The upper end of outer flabellum is connected with shell cavity 3 top, and four outer flabellums are separated by 90 ° and are uniformly distributed; Outer flabellum and shell cavity 3 leave the gap of a fixed width, so that crucible 1 enters, and exterior wing blade face and be 30 ~ 60 ° by the angle of this flabellum between the cylindrical melt treatment cavity shaft section on the limit of shell cavity 3.The upper end of interior flabellum is connected with shell cavity 3 top, and interior flabellum contacts with middle plug 5, and four interior flabellums are separated by 90 ° and are uniformly distributed; Interior wing blade face contact with by this flabellum in the middle of plug 5 limit cylindrical melt treatment cavity shaft section between angle be 120 ~ 150 °.And two adjacent limits by plug 5 in the middle of interior flabellum contact and the angle of outer flabellum between the cylindrical melt treatment cavity shaft section on the limit of shell cavity 3 are 45 °.The liquid form of melt controls primarily of middle plug 5 and the distinctive structure of flabellum 6, realizes the turbulent flow of melt in whole volume, realizes the Strong shear of melt.
Degasifying device is by being arranged at the ventpipe (air flue) 14 of middle plug 5, inlet mouth 8 and forming except pore 9, and melt is automatically except airway dysfunction realizes primarily of the ventpipe 14 arranged in plug with except pore 9.
Deslagging device is be arranged at the filtering net 10 bottom middle plug 5, and melt self-skimming function realizes primarily of the filtering net arranged bottom plug.
Melt treatment cavity is the cylindrical structural of lower aperture, and melt treatment cavity top is provided with opening for feed 11.Magnetic stirrer 2 is arranged at the outside of melt treatment cavity.
As shown in Fig. 2-1 to Fig. 2-4, be the utility model induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device and shaping schematic view.Wherein Fig. 2-1: melt treatment; Fig. 2-2: be disposed; Fig. 2-3: melt is injected into die cavity; Fig. 2-4: die cast.
Oil temperature is regulated by temperature control unit, and by oil-in 7, high temperature oil is passed in the oil duct 4 of shell cavity 3, middle plug 5 and flabellum 6, control melt treatment cavity in certain temperature, be adjusted to after preset temperature until cavity temperature, the crucible 1 being preheating to certain temperature is put in process chambers by machinery controls 12.Degasification gas is passed into by inlet mouth 8, and through air flue 14 from flowing out and carry out degasification to the follow-up melt that pours into except pore 9 bottom plug.Metal melt 13 is poured in melt treatment chamber by opening for feed 11.Start magnetic stirrer 2 alloy to process, impel alloy melt to produce special flowing law by the special shape of middle plug 5 and flabellum 6, realize melt Strong shear, to obtain within the scope of whole melt volume uniform temperature field and become branch.Treat that alloy melt temperature drops to certain temperature, be disposed.Crucible 1 is taken out by machinery controls 12, the oxidation sludge on top layer and be present in the inner larger inclusion of melt and removed by deslagging device 10, the alloy melt after process is poured in compression chamber of die casting machine and carries out die cast.The part fine microstructures obtained is even, and coagulation defect is little, and mechanical property is effectively improved.Fig. 3-1 to Fig. 3-3 for ordinary electromagnetic stir, under circular seam type electromagnetic mixing apparatus and the utility model induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device process, the flow state mimic diagram of alloy melt.
Embodiment 1
Adopt this induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device process 7075 Ultra-High Strength Aluminum Alloys melt, the melt after process carries out die cast, achieves the die cast of Ultra-High Strength Aluminum Alloys, and this die casting also can carry out subsequent heat treatment.
First 7075 high strength alumin ium alloys are melted in resistance furnace, and in 750 DEG C of insulation 2h.By oil-in 7, the high temperature oil that temperature control is 500 DEG C is passed in the oil duct 4 of shell cavity 3, middle plug 5 and flabellum 6, melt treatment cavity temperature is controlled at 400 DEG C.Pass into degasification gas Ar gas by inlet mouth 8 simultaneously, and from flowing out and carry out degasification to the follow-up melt that pours into except pore 9 bottom plug.Alloy melt 13 is poured in melt treatment chamber by opening for feed 11, starts magnetic stirrer 2 alloy and process.Stir current is 20A, and stirring frequency is 50HZ.Treat that alloy melt temperature drops to 650 DEG C, be disposed.Crucible 1 is taken out by machinery controls 12, the alloy melt after process is poured in compression chamber of die casting machine and carries out die cast.
The part fine microstructures obtained is even, and grain-size is reduced into 40% of common die casting, and Segregation of Chemical Composition greatly reduces, and coagulation defect is little, and mechanical property is effectively improved, and is about 120% of common diecast parts.
Embodiment 2
Adopt this induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device process A357 aluminium alloy melt, the melt die cast after process, achieves the die cast of silumin.
First A357 aluminium alloy is melted in resistance furnace, and in 750 DEG C of insulation 2h.By oil-in 7, the high temperature oil that temperature control is 500 DEG C is passed in the oil duct 4 of shell cavity 3, middle plug 5 and flabellum 6, melt treatment cavity temperature is controlled at 400 DEG C.Pass into degasification gas Ar gas by inlet mouth 8 simultaneously, and from flowing out and carry out degasification to the follow-up melt that pours into except pore 9 bottom plug.Alloy melt 13 is poured in melt treatment chamber by opening for feed 11, starts magnetic stirrer 2 alloy and process.Stir current is 20A, and stirring frequency is 50HZ.Treat that alloy melt temperature drops to 620 DEG C, be disposed.Crucible 1 is taken out by machinery controls 12, the alloy melt after process is poured in compression chamber of die casting machine and carries out die cast.
The part fine microstructures obtained, even, rounding, size is reduced into 41% of common die casting, and mechanical property is effectively improved, and is about 125% of common diecast parts.
Embodiment 3
Adopt this induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device process Al-5%Cu alloy melt, the melt die cast after process.
First Al-5%Cu alloy is melted in resistance furnace, and in 800 DEG C of insulation 2h.By oil-in 7, the high temperature oil that temperature control is 500 DEG C is passed in the oil duct 4 of shell cavity 3, middle plug 5 and flabellum 6, melt treatment cavity temperature is controlled at 400 DEG C.Pass into degasification gas Ar gas by inlet mouth 8 simultaneously, and from flowing out and carry out degasification to the follow-up melt that pours into except pore 9 bottom plug.Alloy melt 13 is poured in melt treatment chamber by opening for feed 11, starts magnetic stirrer 2 alloy and process.Stir current is 20A, and stirring frequency is 50HZ.Treat that alloy melt temperature drops to 670 DEG C, be disposed.Crucible 1 is taken out by machinery controls 12, the alloy melt after process is poured in compression chamber of die casting machine and carries out die cast.
The part fine microstructures obtained is even, and grain structure is based on equiax crystal, and grain-size is reduced into 37% of common die casting, and mechanical property is effectively improved, and is about 123% of common diecast parts.
Embodiment 4
Adopt this induction stirring high-shear melt treatment and self-clearing device process A390 aluminium alloy melt, the melt die cast after process.
First A390 aluminium alloy is melted in resistance furnace, and in 750 DEG C of insulation 2h.By oil-in 7, the high temperature oil that temperature control is 500 DEG C is passed in the oil duct 4 of shell cavity 3, middle plug 5 and flabellum 6, melt treatment cavity temperature is controlled at 400 DEG C.Pass into degasification gas Ar gas by inlet mouth 8 simultaneously, and from flowing out and carry out degasification to the follow-up melt that pours into except pore 9 bottom plug.Alloy melt 13 is poured in melt treatment chamber by opening for feed 11, starts magnetic stirrer 2 alloy and process.Stir current is 20A, and stirring frequency is 50HZ.Treat that alloy melt temperature drops to 655 DEG C, be disposed.Crucible 1 is taken out by machinery controls 12, the alloy melt after process is poured in compression chamber of die casting machine and carries out die cast.
The part primary silicon fine microstructures obtained, be evenly distributed in whole cross section, primary silicon size is reduced into 20% of common die casting, and mechanical property is effectively improved.
The utility model regulates the temperature of oil in oil duct to carry out the outlet temperature of accurate control treatment cavity device by temperature control unit, and then accurately controls alloy melt temperature; Simultaneously due to the particular design of stir chamber body structure, make full use of the surface action of induction stirring, Strong shear is carried out to melt, melt can be made to produce turbulent flow, make stirring more even, Temperature Field in Melt and becomes branch can not there is radial gradient, forming core in a large number while of finally making alloy melt within the scope of whole melt, thus realize the accurate control of alloy melt solidifying tissue, obtain the solidified structure of fine uniform; And add degasifying device and deslagging device, automatic degasification slagging-off can be realized after melt treatment, omit artificial degasification slagging-off, improve melt treatment efficiency, cost-saving, by the metal melt forming part fine microstructures of the utility model process, evenly, performance improves greatly.