CN204383180U - A kind of stroke-increasing electric automobile driving device with flywheel energy storage - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of electric vehicle engineering and relates to a range-extended electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage. Including main power transmission system, flywheel energy storage system and on-board charging system; main power transmission system includes electric motor, planetary mechanism, transmission, final reducer; flywheel energy storage system includes flywheel, clutch, passive gear and driving gear; on-board charging system includes Internal combustion engine, generator, motor controller, generator controller and external charging interface; planetary mechanism includes sun gear, planetary gear, planetary carrier, ring gear and ring gear brake; flywheel is installed on the flywheel shaft, output of planetary carrier and planetary mechanism The shaft is connected, the ring gear is connected with the motor; the input shaft of the transmission is connected with the output shaft of the planetary mechanism, and the output shaft is connected with the input shaft of the final reducer; the generator is connected with the internal combustion engine and the flywheel shaft respectively; it solves the braking energy recovery of the extended-range electric vehicle The problem of low utilization efficiency and short service life of the battery.

Description

A range-extended electric vehicle transmission with flywheel energy storage

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of electric vehicle engineering and relates to a range-extended electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage.

Background technique

The types of electric vehicles mainly include pure electric vehicles (Pure Electric Vehicle, PEV), hybrid electric vehicles (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV) and fuel cell vehicles (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle, FCEV). Among them, the extended-range electric vehicle is a pure electric drive electric vehicle with on-board and ground charging functions. The power system of an extended-range electric vehicle is mainly composed of a battery pack and battery management system, a main drive motor and controller, an engine and a generator system, etc. The battery pack can be charged by a ground charging pile or a vehicle charger, and the engine can be fuel-based or gas-fired. According to the operating conditions, it can operate in pure electric mode, extended range mode or hybrid mode. However, due to the low specific energy, specific power and other performance indicators of the current storage battery, the mileage and acceleration performance of electric vehicles are limited. Therefore, improving energy utilization efficiency is one of the important ways to improve the performance of electric vehicles. In existing electric vehicles, the kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy of the vehicle is generally converted into electrical energy for feedback and stored in the battery during braking or downhill operation of the vehicle. Relevant studies have shown that electric vehicles can increase their driving range by 10%-15% by using electric energy recovery to store braking energy.

There are still some deficiencies in the above methods: First, the vehicle only uses the charging method of the battery to recycle the kinetic energy in the braking process, and there are two conversions of energy forms, namely mechanical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy, which leads to energy loss and affects energy saving. efficiency; second, when the vehicle brakes and starts frequently, the battery is also in a state of repeated charging and discharging, which will have an adverse effect on the service life of the battery; third, when the car brakes in an emergency, the charging characteristics of the battery The limitation of electric energy recovery and storage is limited, so the efficiency of energy recovery and utilization is not high.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to propose a motor/flywheel hybrid drive that can be used for range-extended electric vehicles, using the flywheel to recover the energy in the braking process of the electric vehicle, and to couple the stored energy of the flywheel with the energy of the motor during the acceleration process. device.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is: the described extended-range electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage includes a main power transmission system, a flywheel energy storage system and a vehicle charging system; the main power transmission system includes a motor, a planetary mechanism, Transmission, final reducer; flywheel energy storage system includes flywheel, clutch, passive gear and driving gear; on-board charging system includes internal combustion engine, generator, motor controller, generator controller and external charging interface; planetary mechanism includes sun gear, planetary gear, planetary carrier, ring gear and ring gear brake; flywheel is installed on the flywheel shaft which is integrated with the sun gear, the planetary carrier is connected with the output shaft of the planetary mechanism, and the ring gear passes through the large gear, pinion, coupling and clutch Connected with the motor; transmission connection between the motor, planetary mechanism, flywheel, generator, and internal combustion engine; the transmission has forward gear, neutral gear and reverse gear, the input shaft of the transmission is connected with the output shaft of the planetary mechanism, and the output shaft of the transmission is connected with the final drive The output shaft of the internal combustion engine is connected with the input shaft of the generator through a clutch, and the output shaft of the generator is connected with the flywheel shaft through a coupling, a driving gear, a driven gear and a clutch. The main power transmission system, flywheel energy storage system and on-board charging system have a variety of different operating modes under the control of the whole vehicle, including vehicle starting mode, vehicle constant speed or acceleration mode, vehicle coasting deceleration mode, vehicle braking deceleration mode, parking Rear flywheel residual energy utilization mode and vehicle charging mode.

The working principle that the utility model adopts technical scheme is:

First, in the vehicle starting mode, the motor outputs power to drive the vehicle; at this time, the motor drives the ring gear to rotate, and transmits the power to the output shaft of the planetary mechanism. Since the flywheel may be in two states when the car starts, that is, the stationary state or the rotating state, the two states of the flywheel at rest or rotating are described separately:

(1) When the flywheel is in a static state, the sun gear coaxially installed with it is also in a static state, and the clutch is controlled to engage, and the flywheel is mechanically connected with the internal combustion engine and generator in a static state; the output shaft of the planetary mechanism connected with the planet carrier, Compared with the ring gear as the input end, the gear train transmission state of the sun gear brake is to output power in a speed-up manner and transmit it to the transmission input shaft, and make the vehicle move forward or backward according to the gear state of the transmission.

(2) When the flywheel is in the rotating state, that is, the flywheel has stored the energy recovered during the braking process before the vehicle starts, and has not yet released it; because the flywheel has stored a certain amount of energy, the sun gear installed coaxially with the flywheel also Rotate and output the corresponding power; at this time, the ring gear and the sun gear in the planetary mechanism provide input power at the same time, and the planet carrier coupled with the planetary gear outputs the driving force of the two input members, that is, the vehicle is in the hybrid power of the motor/flywheel The operating state of the drive; hybrid power is transmitted to the transmission input shaft, driving the vehicle forward or reverse depending on the gear state of the transmission.

(3) When the stored energy of the flywheel is sufficient to drive the vehicle to start, the ring gear brake stops the ring gear, and uses the energy stored by the flywheel to directly and independently drive the vehicle to start.

Second, the constant speed or acceleration mode of the vehicle is also divided into the operating state driven by the electric motor independently or by the motor/flywheel hybrid drive according to the two states of the flywheel being stationary or rotating. The process is the same.

The third is the vehicle coasting deceleration mode. The vehicle coasting is to use the kinetic energy of the vehicle's motion state to drive the vehicle, and the coasting process is a process of efficient energy utilization for the vehicle. When the vehicle installed with the device described in the utility model slides, firstly stop supplying power to the motor, that is, do not step on the accelerator pedal, and do not step on the brake pedal at the same time, and put the transmission in the neutral position. At this time, all the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be used for driving. The vehicle slides; or put the transmission in the forward gear position and stop the ring gear through the ring gear brake. Part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle can drive the flywheel to rotate through the planetary mechanism to recover energy, but the sliding distance will be reduced.

Fourth, the vehicle braking deceleration mode. The general process of vehicle braking is to convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle into heat energy through the friction generated by the wheel brakes and dissipate it, resulting in insufficient use of the kinetic energy of the vehicle; During the vehicle braking and deceleration process of the device described in the utility model, when the brake pedal is stepped on, the ring gear is first braked and fixed by the ring gear brake, and the kinetic energy of the vehicle passes through the wheels, the final reducer, the transmission, the planet carrier and the The planetary gear drives the sun gear to drive the flywheel to rotate, which converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into the kinetic energy of the flywheel, recovers and stores it, and at the same time decelerates the vehicle.

Fifth, the flywheel residual energy utilization mode after parking, if the flywheel still rotates after parking, that is, the flywheel still has remaining energy storage, the clutch connecting the generator and the flywheel is engaged, the clutch connecting the generator and the internal combustion engine is separated, and the clutch connecting the motor and the internal combustion engine is separated. The clutch of the pinion is separated, the ring gear brake releases the ring gear, and the flywheel drives the generator to run through the gear transmission pair, and the generator is in the state of generating electricity to charge the battery. Therefore, after parking, the remaining stored energy of the flywheel is fully utilized by the generator to charge the battery.

The beneficial effects of the technical solution proposed by the utility model are as follows: first, the energy of the automobile during braking can be directly recovered and utilized through the way of flywheel energy storage; The running state drives the vehicle to improve the power performance of the vehicle; third, after the vehicle stops, the remaining energy stored in the flywheel is used to drive the generator to charge the battery; fourth, under the premise of meeting the power output required by the charging load, the internal combustion engine can also drive Flywheel energy storage can make the internal combustion engine operate within the range of the best energy-saving conditions by increasing the load rate of the internal combustion engine.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawing is a structural schematic diagram of an extended-range electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage according to the utility model.

In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the wheel; 2 is the main reducer; 3 is the transmission; 4 is the planet carrier; 5 is the planetary gear; 6 is the ring gear; 7 is the sun gear; 8 is the pinion; 9 is the bearing; Gear; 11 is a clutch; 12 is a shaft coupling; 13 is a motor; 14 is a motor controller; 15 is a storage battery; 16 is an external charger interface; 17 is a generator controller; 18 is a clutch; 19 is a flywheel shaft; 20 21 is an internal combustion engine; 22 is a clutch; 23 is a generator; 24 is a coupling; 25 is a bearing; 26 is a driving gear; 27 is a driven gear; 28 is a bearing I; 29 is a flywheel; 30 is a ring gear brake ; 31 is the bearing II; 32 is the bearing; 33 is the casing; 34 is the bearing.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in the drawings, in the range-extended electric vehicle transmission device with a flywheel energy storage device described in the present invention, the planet carrier 4 is connected to the output shaft of the planetary mechanism, and the input shaft of the transmission 3 is connected to the output shaft of the planetary mechanism. Connection, the output shaft of the transmission 3 is connected with the input shaft of the final reducer 2; the output shaft in the planetary mechanism is supported by the bearing 34 installed on the box body 33; the planetary gear 5 is installed on the planet carrier 4, and the ring gear 6 And the sun gear 7 transmits motion in the form of gear meshing; the flywheel shaft 19 integrated with the sun gear 7 is supported by the bearing I28 and bearing II31 installed on the box body 33; the flywheel 29 is fixedly installed between the bearing I28 and the bearing II31 on the flywheel shaft 19; the ring gear 6 is supported by the bearing 32 installed on the flywheel shaft 19; the bull gear 10 is coaxially connected with the ring gear 6, and transmits motion with the pinion gear 8 in the form of gear meshing; it is made with the pinion gear 8 The integrated gear shaft is supported by the bearing 9 installed on the box body 33, and is connected with the motor 13 by the coupling 12 through the clutch 11; the input shaft of the generator 23 is connected with the internal combustion engine 21 through the clutch 22, and the output shaft is connected through the coupling 24 is connected with the shaft of the driving gear 26; the shaft of the driving gear 26 is supported by the bearing 25 installed on the box body 33; the driven gear 27 is supported on the flywheel shaft 19 by the bearing 20, and the driving gear 26 transmits motion through gear meshing ; One end of the clutch 18 is fixedly installed on the flywheel shaft 19, and the other end is fixed on the driven gear 27.

(1) Vehicle starting mode. When the extended-range electric vehicle with the device described in the utility model is installed to start, the motor 13 outputs power to drive the vehicle; at this time, the clutch 11 connected with the output shaft of the motor 13 transmits power to the ring gear through the pinion 10 and the bull gear 8 6 on. Because flywheel 29 may be in two states when automobile starts, i.e. stationary state or rotating state. Therefore, the flywheel 29 will be described in two states of being stationary or rotating respectively:

(a) When the flywheel 29 was in a stationary state, the sun gear 7 coaxially installed with the flywheel 29 was also in a stationary state, and the output shaft of the planetary mechanism connected with the planet carrier 4 transmitted power to the input shaft of the speed changer 3, and according to the speed changer The gear state of 3 makes the vehicle go forward or backward.

(b) When the flywheel 29 is in a rotating state, that is, the flywheel 29 has stored the recovered energy of the braking process before the vehicle starts, and has not released it yet, the sun gear 7 coaxially installed with the flywheel 29 also rotates together and outputs The corresponding power stored in the flywheel 29; at this time, the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 7 provide power at the same time, and the planet carrier 4 couples the power of the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 7 to output, that is, the vehicle is in the running state driven by the electric motor/flywheel hybrid The hybrid power is transmitted to the input shaft of the transmission 3, and the vehicle is moved forward or backward according to the gear state of the transmission 3.

(c) When the stored energy of the flywheel 29 is enough to drive the vehicle to start, the ring gear 6 is braked and fixed by the brake 22, and the sun gear 7 installed coaxially with the flywheel 29 drives the planetary gear 5 to revolve around the ring gear 6 and drives the planet carrier 4 rotating output power. Therefore, the stored energy of the flywheel 29 is directly and independently driven to start the vehicle.

(2) Vehicle constant speed or accelerated running mode. The range-extending type electric vehicle that installs the utility model described device, equally according to flywheel 29 is static or rotates two kinds of states, is divided into the running state that provides power independently with electric motor 13 or drives with electric motor/flywheel hybrid power, its power transmission process and The working process of the aforementioned vehicle when starting is the same.

(3) Vehicle coasting deceleration mode. When the extended-range electric vehicle with the device described in the utility model is installed to slide, it can be divided into two different ways to slide:

(a) Stop supplying power to the motor 13 through the motor regulator 14, and place the transmission 3 in a neutral position; at this moment, all the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be used to drive the vehicle to coast.

(b) stop the power supply to the motor 13 through the motor controller 14, place the transmission 3 in the forward gear position, and use the ring gear brake 30 to brake the ring gear 6, and part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle can pass through the planetary carrier 4 and the planetary gear. 5 drives the sun gear 7 to drive the flywheel 29 to rotate, so that energy is recovered.

(4) Vehicle braking deceleration operation mode. When the extended-range electric vehicle with the device described in the utility model is installed for braking and deceleration, when the brake pedal is stepped on, the ring gear 6 is first braked and fixed by the ring gear brake 30, and the kinetic energy of the vehicle passes through the wheel 1, the final reducer 2, The transmission 3, the planet carrier 4 and the planetary gear 5 drive the sun gear 7 to drive the flywheel 29 to rotate, convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle into the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel 29, recover and store it, and simultaneously decelerate the vehicle.

(5) The utilization mode of the remaining energy of the flywheel after parking. After the extended-range electric vehicle of the device described in the utility model is installed, if the flywheel 29 still has residual energy, that is, when the flywheel 29 is still rotating, the generator 23 is in the power generation operation state by the generator controller 17. Since the vehicle is at rest, the planet carrier 4 is also at rest. At this time, the ring gear brake 30 releases the ring gear 6, the clutch 11 is released, the clutch 18 is engaged, and the power generated by the stored energy of the flywheel 29 passes through the driven gear 27, The driving gear 26 drives the generator 23 to rotate, that is, the generator 23 is in the power generation running state, and the generator regulator 17 is regulated and controlled to charge the storage battery 15 .

(6) Vehicle charging mode. When the electric quantity stored in the storage battery 15 is less than the specified index, the internal combustion engine 21 is automatically started, and the clutch 22 is engaged to drive the generator 23 to generate electricity, and the generator regulator 17 regulates and controls to charge the storage battery 15 .

Although the preferred embodiments of the present utility model have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, which are only illustrative and not limiting. Under the inspiration of the utility model, many similar representations can be made without violating the purpose and claims of the utility model, and such transformations all fall within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (5)

1. A range-extended electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage, comprising a main power transmission system, a flywheel energy storage system and an on-board charging system, characterized in that: the main power transmission system includes an electric motor (13), a planetary mechanism, transmission (3) and final drive (2); the flywheel energy storage system includes a flywheel (29), a clutch (18), a driven gear (27) and a driving gear (26); the on-board charging system includes an internal combustion engine (21 ), the generator (23), the motor controller (14), the generator controller (17) and the external charging interface (16); the motor (13), the planetary mechanism, the flywheel (29), the The transmission connection between the generator (23) and the internal combustion engine (21). 2. A kind of range-extended electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission (3) has forward gear, neutral gear and reverse gear, and the input of the transmission (3) The shaft is coupled with the output shaft of the planetary mechanism, and the output shaft of the transmission (3) is coupled with the input shaft of the final reducer (2). 3. A kind of extended-range electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planetary mechanism includes a sun gear (7), a planetary gear (5), a planetary carrier (4), The ring gear (6) and the ring gear brake (30); the flywheel (29) is installed on the flywheel shaft (19) integrated with the sun gear (7), and the flywheel (29) is installed on the bearing I (28) and bearing II (31); the planet carrier (4) is connected with the output shaft of the planetary mechanism; The shaft device (12) and the clutch (11) are coupled with the motor (13); the large gear (10) is coaxially coupled with the ring gear (6). 4. A kind of range-extended electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output shaft of the internal combustion engine (21) and the input shaft of the generator (23) pass through the clutch ( 22) coupling; the output shaft of the generator (23) and the flywheel shaft (19) pass through the coupling (24), the driving gear (26), the driven gear (27) and the clutch (18) Coupling; one end of the clutch (18) is fixedly mounted on the flywheel shaft (19), and the other end is fixed on the driven gear (27). 5. A range-extended electric vehicle transmission device with flywheel energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main power transmission system, the flywheel energy storage system and the on-board charging system are controlled by the vehicle There are a variety of different operating modes, including vehicle start mode, vehicle constant speed or acceleration mode, vehicle coasting deceleration mode, vehicle braking deceleration mode, flywheel residual energy utilization mode after parking and on-board charging mode.