CN204204328U - Interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus - Google Patents
Interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN204204328U CN204204328U CN201420732171.9U CN201420732171U CN204204328U CN 204204328 U CN204204328 U CN 204204328U CN 201420732171 U CN201420732171 U CN 201420732171U CN 204204328 U CN204204328 U CN 204204328U
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Abstract
Interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus, comprise that one or more horizontal model units (1) are transversely arranged to be formed with one or more longitudinal model unit (2) longitudinal stack combinations, simulated fire flue gas flow expansion situation in floor, in lift well, in escape stair is observed by placing smoke generator in analogue means, record different time fire smoke flow process and temperature simultaneously, the flow velocity of different time fire smoke can be calculated; Horizontal model unit (1) all adopts water white transparency rectangle box body as room model with longitudinal model unit (2).The utility model can simulate the fire smoke flowing in the lift well run when diverse location catches fire; Below neutral surface and the above floor of neutral surface can be simulated to catch fire the flowing of fire smoke in vertical shaft and floor under chimney effect.If arrange closing or opening-wide state of multiple horizontal room, vertically room and escape stair, the kind that can simulate is more.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to interior of building fire smoke flow simulating field, particularly relates to interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus.
Background technology
Burning or the suspension that produces of pyrolysis solid in the gas phase and liquid particle are called cigarette or smoke particle, and the vaporous thing containing smoke particle on the scene of a fire is called fire smoke.Fire smoke has toxicity, high temperatures, dim light and flow expansion, has considerable influence to evacuating personnel and fire attack.
Because fire smoke has flow expansion, during interior of building fire, fire smoke spreads along corridor and vertical shaft, by flame range flow to non-ignition zone, those with play corridors, stair and elevator etc. that flame range is connected and all will be filled with flue gas.The driving force causing fire smoke to flow is more, as the impact etc. of taking out pressure effect and natural wind of the buoyancy of chimney effect, combustion gas and bulging force, elevator piston effect, ventilating system ventilation blower.Chimney effect and elevator piston effect more significantly to interior of building fire smoke flow effect.Chimney effect refers in vertical fender, due to gaseous exchange, impels in the gentle flow direction of flue dust or the effect flowed downward.Interior of building chimney effect is made a general reference is having shared Zhongting, vertical ventilation (smoke evacuation) air channel, staircase, lift well etc. to have similar chimney feature---and namely have in the buildings of unobstructed free air space, structures from bottom to top, fire smoke carries out along passage the phenomenon spreading or discharge buildings.Make when elevator piston effect refers to that elevator moves in the elevator shaft in well, to occur that instantaneous pressure change produces the phenomenon of outwards exhaust and inside air-breathing.
The main mode of learning of current interior of building fire smoke flowing law is mainly grasped by theories of learning knowledge, due to theoretical property, nature static, the non-intuitive of written knowledge, make learner be difficult to system and slap this knowledge point, especially different more than neutral surface and below neutral surface to inverse chimney effect, fire smoke flowing law indigestibilities, causes results of learning not good.For improving learning efficiency, theoretical knowledge is presented intuitively, and applicant have developed interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus, in teaching, teacher's coupling apparatus carries out teaching demonstration, enhances practice, shorten learning time, improve results of learning and learning efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is merely able to rely on the defect of books teaching presence just in order to overcome existing structure interior fires flow of flue gas, and provide one for interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus, model is made according to certain ratio after building simplification, can suppose during experiment that any one room catches fire, thus carry out the experimental verification of fire smoke flowing law.The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical solution:
Interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus, the utility model feature is, comprise that one or more horizontal model units are transversely arranged to be formed with the longitudinal stack combinations of one or more longitudinal model units, simulated fire flue gas flow expansion situation in floor, in lift well, in escape stair is observed by placing smoke generator in analogue means, record different time fire smoke flow process and temperature simultaneously, the flow velocity of different time fire smoke can be calculated; Horizontal model unit and longitudinal model unit all adopt water white transparency rectangle box body as room model; Wherein:
Horizontal model unit is provided with the shifting board model space be separated between room and horizontal corridor two in box body, is carved with rule A, and is provided with electronic thermometer A at room model top board at model top; The side inner walls in horizontal corridor is hung with the Smoke prevention check apron of sliding sash with disappearing screen window (left and right active type) structure;
Longitudinal model unit in box body, simulate escape stair and elevator is carved with rule B in side, front end, simulant elevator room; Offer a groove in simulation rear end, escape stair room, be provided with a rectangular cylinder adapted with it as simulation escape stair at groove internal fixtion; In simulant elevator room, front center offers an arc groove, arc groove is fixed with a circular cylinder body as between simulant elevator, and in circular cylinder body, be provided with a piston that can move up and down in cylindrical shell as simulant elevator, be fixed with electronic thermometer B at circular cylinder body outer wall.
The utility model uses water white material to make several horizontal and vertical model units in advance, and the needs according to simulation just as spelling building blocks during experiment are freely assembled.
As Fig. 1-3, horizontal model unit A model is rectangular parallelepiped transparent boxes, and be divided into two parts with active clapboard, front portion is divided into corridor, and rear portion is divided into room, and active clapboard can be closed and also can open wide, and corridor upper limb is carved with rule, is used for measuring the flow process of fire smoke.Active clapboard is fixed by the groove that upper and lower two boards is arranged, and can twitch back and forth, during extraction, room is in opening-wide state, and room state need preset when model is assembled.B model, on the basis of A model, corridor increases electronic thermometer, is used for measuring the Fire Smoke Temperature in corridor.Electron temperature is counted and is inserted pen type fast reading thermometer, and on corridor, reserved aperture, inserts temperature during measurement.C model is on the basis of A model, and right flank is hung with the Smoke prevention check apron of sliding sash with disappearing screen window (left and right active type) structure, can horizontal anomalous movement, and this check apron is fixed by screw, both can pull open and also can receive cage, is used for simulation every cigarette fire fighting device.
Longitudinal model unit is basic model as Fig. 4-5, A model, is rectangular parallelepiped transparent boxes, front end analogue elevator motion, rear end simulation escape stair, and radio station and escape stair seccotine and room bonding, form one.Model has scale mark on the left of front end, is used for measuring fire smoke flow process.Model front end centre is provided with an arc groove, arc groove is fixed with the cylinder simulation lift well in a band crack, results of fracture simulation elevator crack between a door and its frame, and in cylinder, be provided with a piston that can move up and down in cylindrical shell, under piston mountain, motion rope draws, simulant elevator moves, and is used for studying fire smoke motion in the elevator shaft and the diffusion to room.Model rear end offers a groove, the rectangular cylinder simulation escape stair adapted with it is provided with at groove internal fixtion, there is one piece of portable plate in stair and room, portable plate is fixed by groove, can upwards extract out completely, represent that when portable plate is extracted out staircase opens wide, when portable plate is closed, represent that staircase is closed, be used for studying the motion of fire smoke in staircase and floor.B model, on the basis of A model, aperture is reserved by lift well and escape stair wall, is used for inserting pen type fast reading thermometer, measures the temperature of fire smoke.
Mounted cast can free assembling combination.Horizontal model unit and the upper and lower two ends of longitudinal model unit can be provided with and be similar to modular construction bayonet socket, according to simulation needs, the free assembling combination buildings of the unit that uses a model, as Fig. 6, smoke generator is placed in any one room, i.e. observable fire smoke flow expansion situation in floor, in lift well, in escape stair, records different time fire smoke flow process and temperature simultaneously, can calculate the flow velocity of different time fire smoke.
Beneficial effect
The utility model, owing to have employed above technical scheme, has significant technique effect, if according to Fig. 6 assembled model, only considers the running status of model, can simulate the fire smoke tangential movement in 32 class situations, vertical movement.Model state and combination are in table 1.The flow process of any time fire smoke, flow velocity and temperature can be measured.The fire smoke flowing in the lift well run when diverse location catches fire can be simulated; Below neutral surface and the above floor of neutral surface can be simulated to catch fire the flowing of fire smoke in vertical shaft and floor under chimney effect.If arrange closing or opening-wide state of multiple horizontal room, vertically room and escape stair, the kind that can simulate is more.
Table 1 model state and interior of building fire smoke flow simulating
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the utility model horizontal model unit A model structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the utility model horizontal model unit B model structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the utility model horizontal model unit C model structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the utility model longitudinal model unit A model structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the utility model longitudinal model unit B model structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the utility model model splicing structure schematic diagram.
Number in the figure is: 1, horizontal model unit; 1.1, room; 1.2, horizontal corridor; 1.3, shifting board; 1.4, electronic thermometer A; 1.5, Smoke prevention check apron; 1.6, rule A; 2, longitudinal model unit; 2.1, escape stair; 2.2, simulant elevator room; 2.3, groove; 2.4, rectangular cylinder; 2.5, arc groove; 2.6, circular cylinder body; 2.7, piston; 2.8, electronic thermometer B; 2.9, rule B; 3, fire smoke source; 4, hall; 5, elevator.
Embodiment
As shown in figures 1 to 6, interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus, the utility model feature is, comprise that one or more horizontal model units 1 are transversely arranged to be formed with the longitudinal stack combinations of one or more longitudinal model units 2, simulated fire flue gas flow expansion situation in floor, in lift well, in escape stair is observed by placing smoke generator in analogue means, record different time fire smoke flow process and temperature simultaneously, the flow velocity of different time fire smoke can be calculated; Horizontal model unit 1 all adopts water white transparency rectangle box body as room model with longitudinal model unit 2; Wherein:
Horizontal model unit 1 is provided with the shifting board 1.3 model space be separated between room 1.1 and horizontal corridor 1.2 two in box body, is carved with rule A 1.6, and is provided with electronic thermometer B 1.4 at room model top board at model top; The side inner walls in horizontal corridor 1.2 is hung with the Smoke prevention check apron 1.5 of sliding sash with disappearing screen window (left and right active type) structure;
Longitudinal model unit 2 in box body, simulate escape stair 2.1 and elevator 2.2 is carved with rule B 2.9 in side, front end, simulant elevator room 2.2; Offer a groove 2.3 in simulation rear end, escape stair room 2.1, be provided with a rectangular cylinder adapted with it 2.4 as simulation escape stair at groove 2.3 internal fixtion; An arc groove 2.5 is offered in simulant elevator room 2.2 front center, arc groove 2.5 is fixed with a circular cylinder body 2.6 as simulant elevator between, and in circular cylinder body 2.6, be provided with a piston that can move up and down in cylindrical shell 2.7 as simulant elevator, be fixed with electronic thermometer B 2.8 at circular cylinder body 2.6 outer wall.
Embodiment
1. between horizontal room (from left to right) first, open wide that all the other are all closed, smoke damper is opened, vertically room is all closed, elevator runs, escape stair odd-level opens wide even level and closes, place smoke generator in first room of level, can observe in model:
(1) horizontal direction: fire smoke flows out from room, assemble at top, horizontal corridor, constantly push ahead until smoke damper place, flue gas thickness constantly increases, constantly sinks, until overflow from smoke damper edge, at flow forward.Any time fire smoke flow process can be measured by rule, calculate the horizontal flow velocity of fire smoke.Electronic thermometer demonstrates Fire Smoke Temperature at any time, can record the temperature of any time diverse location fire smoke.
(2) vertical direction:
Elevator piston effect: lift well has flue gas, during ascending for elevator, gettering effect is obvious, accelerates the rapid ascension of fire smoke; When elevator is descending, compression exhaust effect is obvious, and fire smoke is flowed in corridor by lift port gap.Any time fire smoke flow process and temperature can be recorded.
Chimney effect: escape stair is full of fire smoke from down to up gradually, fire smoke is by after neutral surface, flowed to floor by the fire escape opened wide, open wide and evacuate logical floor and be full of fire smoke gradually, the following floor of neutral surface is not or only have a small amount of fire smoke.Any time fire smoke flow process and temperature can be recorded, the flow velocity of fire smoke can be calculated.
2. all close in horizontal room, smoke damper is opened, vertically room is all closed, elevator runs, escape stair odd-level opens wide even level and closes, vertical neutral surface once the second layer place smoke generator containing any room more than second layer, can observe in model:
(1) horizontal direction: horizontal constructions is not or only have little fire smoke.
(2) vertical direction:
Elevator piston effect: lift well has flue gas, ascending for elevator and the descending flow expansion can accelerating fire smoke.Any time fire smoke flow process and temperature can be recorded.
Chimney effect: above cigarette source, escape stair is full of fire smoke gradually, fire smoke is by after neutral surface, flowed to floor by the fire escape opened wide, open wide and evacuate logical floor and be full of fire smoke gradually, the following floor of neutral surface is not or only have a small amount of fire smoke.Any time fire smoke flow process and temperature can be recorded, the flow velocity of fire smoke can be calculated.
3. all close in horizontal room, smoke damper is opened, vertically room is all closed, elevator runs, escape stair odd-level opens wide even level and closes, smoke generator is placed in any room more than the neutral surface of vertical buildings, can observe in model:
(1) horizontal direction: horizontal constructions is not or only have little fire smoke.
(2) vertical direction:
Elevator piston effect: lift well has flue gas, ascending for elevator and the descending flow expansion can accelerating fire smoke.Any time fire smoke flow process and temperature can be recorded.
Chimney effect: when smoke which is less, only in smoke generator floor flow expansion; Smoke which is more, when temperature is higher, above floor of being fuming, escape stair is full of fire smoke gradually, is flowed to floor by the fire escape opened wide, the floor that unlimited evacuation is led to is full of fire smoke gradually, and the following floor of neutral surface is not or only have a small amount of fire smoke.Any time fire smoke flow process and temperature can be recorded, the flow velocity of fire smoke can be calculated.
Claims (1)
1. interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus, it is characterized in that, comprise that one or more horizontal model units (1) are transversely arranged to be formed with one or more longitudinal model unit (2) longitudinal stack combinations, simulated fire flue gas flow expansion situation in floor, in lift well, in escape stair is observed by placing smoke generator in analogue means, record different time fire smoke flow process and temperature simultaneously, the flow velocity of different time fire smoke can be calculated; Horizontal model unit (1) all adopts water white transparency rectangle box body as room model with longitudinal model unit (2); Wherein:
Horizontal model unit (1) is provided with the shifting board (1.3) model space be separated between room (1.1) and horizontal corridor (1.2) two in box body, be carved with rule A (1.6) at model top, and be provided with electronic thermometer A (1.4) at room model top board; The side inner walls of horizontal corridor (1.2) is hung with the Smoke prevention check apron (1.5) of built-in screen window structure;
Longitudinal model unit (2) simulates escape stair (2.1) and simulant elevator room (2.2) in box body, is carved with rule B (2.9) in simulant elevator room (2.2) side, front end; Offer a groove (2.3) in simulation escape stair room (2.1) rear end, be provided with a rectangular cylinder adapted with it (2.4) as simulation escape stair at groove (2.3) internal fixtion; An arc groove (2.5) is offered in simulant elevator room (2.2) front center, arc groove (2.5) is fixed with a circular cylinder body (2.6) as simulant elevator between, and in circular cylinder body (2.6), be provided with a piston that can move up and down in cylindrical shell (2.7) as simulant elevator, be fixed with electronic thermometer B (2.8) at circular cylinder body (2.6) outer wall.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420732171.9U CN204204328U (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | Interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201420732171.9U CN204204328U (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | Interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus |
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| CN204204328U true CN204204328U (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105321419A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-02-10 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | Testbed for studying smoke flow law and control technique of high-rise building fire under action of multiple driving forces |
| CN106251766A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-21 | 西安科技大学 | Visual mine heat power disaster fire and smoke spread simulated experiment platform and experimental technique |
| CN108693077A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Multifunctional buildings plume dispersion experimental provision and its experimental method |
| CN108872467A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-11-23 | 华侨大学 | A kind of building exterior wall heat preserving plate fire spread characteristic test device and test method |
| CN109308383A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-02-05 | 深圳市赛为智能股份有限公司 | Smoke modelling method, terminal and storage medium based on BIM |
-
2014
- 2014-11-26 CN CN201420732171.9U patent/CN204204328U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105321419A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-02-10 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | Testbed for studying smoke flow law and control technique of high-rise building fire under action of multiple driving forces |
| CN106251766A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-12-21 | 西安科技大学 | Visual mine heat power disaster fire and smoke spread simulated experiment platform and experimental technique |
| CN106251766B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2022-03-22 | 西安科技大学 | Visual mine thermal power disaster smoke spreading simulation experiment table and experiment method |
| CN108693077A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-10-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Multifunctional buildings plume dispersion experimental provision and its experimental method |
| CN108872467A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-11-23 | 华侨大学 | A kind of building exterior wall heat preserving plate fire spread characteristic test device and test method |
| CN109308383A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-02-05 | 深圳市赛为智能股份有限公司 | Smoke modelling method, terminal and storage medium based on BIM |
| CN109308383B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2023-04-28 | 深圳市赛为智能股份有限公司 | BIM-based flue gas simulation method, terminal and storage medium |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150311 Termination date: 20151126 |