CN204108008U - By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod - Google Patents
By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN204108008U CN204108008U CN201420488897.2U CN201420488897U CN204108008U CN 204108008 U CN204108008 U CN 204108008U CN 201420488897 U CN201420488897 U CN 201420488897U CN 204108008 U CN204108008 U CN 204108008U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to and a kind ofly carries out coated device by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy to wire rod, Extruding die to be divided on Extruding die piece under piece and Extruding die, Extruding die can form cable channel during piece split under piece and Extruding die, extruding punch passage, blank room, bonding container and working chamber, wherein cable channel, extruding punch channel direction is vertical, blank room, extruding punch passage on one wire, bonding container, working chamber and cable channel are on one wire, a blank room and an extruding punch passage is respectively provided with in the both sides of cable channel, the exit of cable channel is provided with protective gas jet pipe, heating is provided with in described Extruding die.Amorphous alloy can be coated on the surface of wire rod by the utility model, improves the surface quality of wire rod.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to multidirectional extruding and carries out lasting coated device to wire rod, belongs to the coated shaping technical field of amorphous metal.
Background technology
Glassy metal, also known as amorphous alloy, due to the unordered microstructure of its uniqueness, makes the advantage of its existing metal and glass, overcomes again their respective drawbacks.Glass breadks easily, does not have ductility; But the intensity of glassy metal is higher than steel, hardness exceedes high hard tool steel, and has certain toughness and rigidity, so people claim glassy metal to be " king of glass " of " strike not broken, pound not rotten ".Amorphous alloy has mechanics, the process based prediction model preferably such as high strength, high rigidity, good wearability and corrosion resistance, thus determines its field of applying widely, has broad application prospects.
The zirconium-base amorphous requirement for critical cooling rate is lower, can obtain amorphous microstructure completely, thus have multiple forming technology for zirconium-base amorphous part under lower than the cooling velocity of below 100K/s.Patent CN 102877010A " a kind of cast form mode of zirconium-based bulk amorphous alloy foundry goods " discloses a kind of cast moulding method of zirconium-based bulk amorphous alloy foundry goods, the at% of the chemical composition of its foundry goods is: Zr 35-45, Ti 11-16, Cu 10-15, Ni 8-12, Be 16-25, before melting, in alcohol medium, purified treatment is carried out to above-mentioned raw material ultrasonic wave, again each is divided into two parts, by its respective density, repeating cloth from down to up for twice loads in crucible, raw copper and copper crucible will be avoided during cloth to contact, when melting to prevent raw copper and copper crucible bond, then close stove to vacuumize, be filled with the argon shield of 0.05MPa, start to add hot smelting, power is added to 140KW after 60KW, 80KW, 120KW respectively keep 5 minutes and make the temperature of alloy melt reach more than 800 DEG C.What patent CN101164722 " the preparing processing net forming integrated method of a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal workpiece " disclosed a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal workpiece prepares processing net forming integrated method.The inventive method can be burst mould injecting after alloy masterbatch heat fused, after molten alloy cooling, form amorphous alloy, and mould is burst and carried out simple cleaning to test specimen after type and can obtain required workpiece.Utilization mould of can bursting prepares the critical thickness non-crystaline amorphous metal workpiece within the specific limits of any complicated shape by the method for casting, achieves the preparation of complicated non-crystaline amorphous metal workpiece, processing, net forming integrated technology.Patent CN 1199747C " a kind of precision parts made of non-crystalline alloy superplastic die forging building mortion and method " discloses a kind of device for the shaping of bulk amorphous alloys precision parts superplastic die forging and adopts this device to prepare the technique of bulk amorphous alloys precision component.The various Irregular Shaped Parts of the gabarit that can be shaped diameter dimension 0.1 ~ 100mm, gauge 0.1 ~ 50mm, as gear class, solid or solid Step Shaft (taper shaft) class and etc. the flat thin part of axle class etc.The device invented is made up of vacuum drying oven, replaceable pressure head and mould three part.Patent CN 100473472C " manufacturing process of glassy metal " discloses a kind of manufacturing process of glassy metal.The method does not produce the formed products of blemish keeping amorphous shaping of glassy metal simultaneously, even if the formed products of thin-walled or thickness formed products not etc. or complicated shape also can be shaped simply.
Amorphous alloy has high strength, high rigidity and excellent wear-resisting and corrosion resistance, and surface-brightening, attractive in appearance, but the price of amorphous alloy is higher.The price of the materials such as brass, steel, thermosetting plastics is more much lower than amorphous alloy, but their some process based prediction model is compared with amorphous alloy, far short of what is expected.Because amorphous alloy gets final product vitrifying at 300 ~ 450 DEG C, and there is fabulous plasticity, thus amorphous alloy can be coated on the surface of other materials, fully utilize these materials advantage separately, manufacture low cost, high strength, high rigidity, wear-resistant and corrosion resistant part.By amorphous alloy being coated on corresponding part outer surface, improving surface quality of workpieces, wearability, corrosion resistance, improving the service life of part, also the part of coated amorphous alloy can be used for the unaffordable corrosive environment of other parts.
When carrying out coated with amorphous alloy to wire rod or bar, if carry out coated by unidirectionally extruded technique to wire rod or bar, the parts such as diffluence room, bonding container and working chamber must be designed in Extruding die, the complex structure of mould, processing cost is high, and the extruding force needed is comparatively large, the life-span of mould is lower.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind ofly carries out coated device by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy to wire rod, amorphous alloy is coated on the surface of wire rod, improve the surface quality of wire rod, make it have excellent corrosion-resistant and abrasion resistance properties, expand the application of wire rod, extend the service life of wire rod.
The technical scheme that the utility model is taked is:
By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod, comprise wire cut device, wire rod traction and collection apparatus, amorphous alloy blank operating system, Extruding die, extruding punch, workbench, Extruding die to be divided on Extruding die piece under piece and Extruding die, and Extruding die, under piece and Extruding die, piece is respectively equipped with cable channel groove, extruding punch mating groove, blank groove, bonding container groove and working chamber's groove, can form cable channel during both splits, extruding punch passage, blank room, bonding container and working chamber, wherein cable channel, extruding punch channel direction is vertical, blank room, extrude punch passage on one wire, bonding container, working chamber and cable channel on one wire, are respectively provided with a blank room and an extruding punch passage in the both sides of cable channel, on Extruding die, under piece and Extruding die, piece tightens together, and is provided with heating in described Extruding die, temperature measuring equipment, both are all connected with temperature controller.
Coated adiabator layer around described Extruding die, reserves the import and export of extruding punch, wire rod in the relevant position of adiabator layer.
The exit of described cable channel is provided with protective gas jet pipe, and protective gas jet pipe connects oil water separator by air accumulator, and oil water separator is connected with vavuum pump by gas compressor, these composition refrigerating gas systems.
The traction of described wire cut device, wire rod and collection apparatus, Extruding die, extruding punch are all arranged in atmosphere box, and atmosphere box is ined succession vavuum pump.
Thermal insulation board is provided with between described Extruding die and workbench.
On described Extruding die piece and piece under Extruding die by screw together with pin fastener.
Described extruding punch is connected with the plunger of hydraulic system oil cylinder.
Monolateral gap between described cable channel and wire rod is 0.02 ~ 0.04mm.
Blank room, bonding container, working chamber and tube outer diameter amorphous proportion are positioned on same part, blank room and bonding container are the circular hole that radius is identical with the external diameter of amorphous alloy blank, working chamber is the hemispherical dome structure communicated with bonding container, tube outer diameter amorphous proportion is the circular hole communicated with working chamber, and the overall structure of extrusion die is simple.Want coated wire rod between the both ends of the surface that two cylindrical amorphous alloy blanks are corresponding, after the temperature of amorphous alloy reaches crystallization temperature, will plastic deformation be there is in the end face of cylinder blank and wire comes into contact, wire rod will be surrounded by plastic deformation by two blanks, and two compact material will contact with each other and rely on Pressure Welding to be combined.
After the seam of amorphous alloy blank, wire rod will be hold and flow to working chamber together, finally extrude Extruding die along tube outer diameter amorphous proportion.
Utilize said apparatus to carry out coated technique to wire rod, comprise step as follows:
(1) wire rod is inserted the cable channel in Extruding die, and ensure that wire rod exposes from Extruding die outlet, clamp with wire rod traction and collection apparatus the wire ends exposed;
(2) by heating, piece under piece on Extruding die and Extruding die is heated;
(3) several piece amorphous alloy blank is put into atmosphere box, start vavuum pump and extracted out by the air in atmosphere box, the gas of extraction enters in air, and when vacuum reaches 0.001Pa, closes vavuum pump;
(4) open protective gas jet pipe, protective gas is cooled the wire rod outlet of Extruding die and wire rod by protective gas jet pipe;
(5) utilize the plunger rollback of HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM oil cylinder, extruding punch is extracted out from extruding punch passage;
(6) amorphous alloy blank operating system puts into two blocks of amorphous alloy blanks two blank rooms of Extruding die respectively;
(7) utilize the plunger of HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM oil cylinder to stretch out, punch will be extruded and insert Extruding die, and by extruding punch amorphous alloy blank holding;
(8) when the temperature of Extruding die reaches more than vitrification point, and keep temperature constant after 2 ~ 3 minutes, hydraulic system is switched to squeeze mode, by plunger, extruding punch, pressure is passed to amorphous alloy blank; Amorphous alloy blank generation Plastic Flow, seam, the wire rod of coated amorphous alloy is extruded by the wire rod exit position of Extruding die; By to draw and wire rod collection apparatus applies constant tractive force to wire rod in coated process;
(9) if will coated a large amount of wire rod constantly, (5) step be forwarded to; After changing amorphous alloy blank, by the pressure between amorphous alloy interface, utilize temperature and pressure to promote the diffusion of metallic atom, amorphous alloy blank is welded together.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
(1) Extruding die adopts tile configuration, the internal structure of Extruding die is become external structure, is convenient to the processing of Extruding die, is conducive to the machining accuracy and the surface quality that ensure extruding die cavity; After extruding terminates, have some residual blank and can stay blank room, bonding container and working chamber, be convenient to the removing extruding clout.
(2) extract the inert gas in atmosphere box by vavuum pump, then by gas compressor, the inert gas that vavuum pump extracts is transmitted back to protective gas system, realizes the cycling and reutilization of protective gas, reduce production cost; The traction of wire cut device, wire rod and collection apparatus are all arranged in atmosphere box, amorphous alloy namely can be protected not oxidized, can realize again the lasting coated of wire rod.
(3) in extrusion process, at the coated insulation material of Extruding die periphery, reserve the position of extruding punch, wire rod import and export in the relevant position of insulation material, avoid the heat of Extruding die to be delivered to too quickly in atmosphere box.
(4) between Extruding die and workbench, be provided with thermal insulation board, avoid the heat of Extruding die to pass to workbench too quickly.
(5) exit of wire rod is provided with protective gas jet pipe, provides high-pressure inert gas by refrigerating gas system, the temperature of the wire rod having made amorphous alloy coated is down near room temperature as early as possible, avoids the oxidation of amorphous alloy clad; In addition, also cooling being coated on wire surface amorphous alloy, avoiding the amorphous alloy crystallization being coated on wire surface.
(6) extrusion die only has Extruding die and extruding punch composition, and structure is simple, and easy to maintenance, processing cost is low.
(7) in frock, be provided with traction and wire rod collection apparatus, reduce the flow resistance of amorphous alloy in working chamber, accelerate the speed of wire cladding amorphous alloy; Traction and wire rod collection apparatus apply tractive force in the mode of constant force to wire rod.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of the utility model device;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the utility model device mould part;
Fig. 3 is the front view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation in the utility model atmosphere box;
The explosive view of Fig. 6 the utility model device mould part;
Fig. 7 is the installation diagram of the utility model device mould part;
Fig. 8 is refrigerating gas system architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of blank room, bonding container, working chamber and tube outer diameter amorphous proportion;
Wherein, 1, screw, 2, piece on Extruding die, 3, need the wire rod of coated amorphous alloy, 4, piece under Extruding die, 5 and 5a and 5b, extruding punch, 6, amorphous alloy blank, 7, protective gas jet pipe, 8, be coated on the amorphous alloy of wire surface, 9, pin, 10, heating, 11, temperature measuring equipment, 12, Extruding die, 13, wire cut device, 14, wire rod traction and collection apparatus, 15a and 15b, oil cylinder, 16, temperature controller, 17, refrigerating gas system, 18, vavuum pump, 19, atmosphere box, 20, hydraulic system, 21, workbench, 22, thermal insulation board, 23, adiabator layer, 24, gas compressor, 25, oil water separator, 26, air accumulator, 27, Pressure gauge.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention and embodiment.
By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod, comprise wire cut device 13, wire rod traction and collection apparatus 14, amorphous alloy blank operating system, Extruding die 12, extruding punch 5a and 5b, workbench 21, Extruding die to be divided on Extruding die piece 4 under piece 2 and Extruding die, and Extruding die, under piece 2 and Extruding die, piece 4 is respectively equipped with cable channel groove, extruding punch mating groove, blank groove, bonding container groove and working chamber's groove, can form cable channel during both splits, extruding punch passage, blank room, bonding container and working chamber, wherein cable channel, extruding punch channel direction is vertical, blank room, extrude punch passage on one wire, bonding container, working chamber and cable channel on one wire, are respectively provided with a blank room and an extruding punch passage in the both sides of cable channel, on Extruding die, under piece 2 and Extruding die, piece 4 tightens together, and is provided with heating 10 in described Extruding die, temperature measuring equipment 11, both are all connected with temperature controller 16.
Coated adiabator layer 23 around described Extruding die, reserves the import and export of extruding punch, wire rod in the relevant position of adiabator layer 23.
The exit of described cable channel is provided with protective gas jet pipe 7, and protective gas jet pipe 7 connects oil water separator 25 by air accumulator 26, and oil water separator 25 is connected with vavuum pump 18 by gas compressor 24, these composition refrigerating gas systems.
The traction of described wire cut device 13, wire rod and collection apparatus 14, Extruding die 12, extruding punch 5a and 5b are all arranged in atmosphere box 19, and atmosphere box 19 is ined succession vavuum pump 18.
Thermal insulation board 22 is provided with between described Extruding die and workbench.Described extruding punch is connected with the plunger of hydraulic system oil cylinder.
The parts such as the traction of refrigerating gas system, temperature control system, atmosphere box, vavuum pump, wire cut device, wire rod and collection apparatus, extrusion die, hydraulic system all by screw fastening on the table; In extrusion process, in order to ensure the precision of Extruding die, avoiding the effect due to extruding force to cause two pieces of pieces of Extruding die along split face separately, utilizing screw and pin to be tightened together by piece under piece on Extruding die and Extruding die.
Extruding die is provided with heating and temperature measuring equipment in piece under piece and Extruding die.The temperature of piece under piece and Extruding die on the Extruding die that obtains tested by temperature controller according to temperature measuring equipment, control the supply of electric power of heating, thus the temperature of piece under piece on Extruding die and Extruding die is controlled within the scope required.
Extruding die is provided with in piece under piece and Extruding die the passage of the wire rod needing coated amorphous alloy, monolateral gap between passage and wire rod is 0.02 ~ 0.04mm, can ensure that wire rod passes through smoothly, transfer heat to wire rod by Extruding die again, preheating is carried out to wire rod.
Respectively put into one block of amorphous alloy blank two blank rooms, two compact material measure-alike, utilize Extruding die to transfer heat to amorphous alloy blank, thus by more than amorphous alloy blank heating to vitrification point.By hydraulic system for oil cylinder provides hydraulic pressure, apply pressure by extruding punch to amorphous alloy blank, in extrusion process, the pressure suffered by two extruding punch is identical, thus ensures that two blocks of amorphous alloy blanks carry out crimp with identical speed.Two blocks of amorphous alloy blanks fuse into one at bonding container, and are surrounded by wire rod, and the later amorphous alloy blank of seam moves to working chamber together with wire rod, and extrusion molding room constantly.In wire cladding process, determined the thickness of amorphous alloy clad by the size of working chamber and the diameter of wire rod.
By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated technical process carried out to wire rod as follows:
(1) wire rod is inserted the cable channel in Extruding die, and ensure that wire rod exposes from the exit position of working chamber, clamp with wire rod traction and collection apparatus the wire ends exposed.
(2) by heating, piece under piece on Extruding die and Extruding die is heated.
(3) several piece amorphous alloy blank is put into atmosphere box, start vavuum pump and extracted out by the air in atmosphere box, the gas of extraction enters in air, and when vacuum reaches 0.001Pa, closes vavuum pump.
(4) open refrigerating gas system, gas is cooled the wire rod outlet of Extruding die and wire rod by protective gas jet pipe; Open vavuum pump, the protective gas extracted out by vavuum pump flows to gas compressor.
(5) utilize the plunger rollback of HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM oil cylinder, extruding punch is extracted out from extruding punch passage.
(6) by amorphous alloy blank operating system, two blocks of amorphous alloy blanks are put into respectively two blank rooms of Extruding die.
(7) utilize the plunger of HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM oil cylinder to stretch out, punch will be extruded and insert extruding punch passage, and by extruding punch amorphous alloy blank holding.
(8) when the temperature of Extruding die reaches more than vitrification point, and keep temperature constant after 2 ~ 3 minutes, hydraulic system is switched to squeeze mode, by plunger, extruding punch, pressure is passed to amorphous alloy blank; Amorphous alloy blank generation Plastic Flow, seam, the wire rod of coated amorphous alloy is extruded by the wire rod exit position of Extruding die; To be drawn by wire rod in coated process and collection apparatus applies constant tractive force to wire rod.
(9) if will coated a large amount of wire rod constantly, (5) step be forwarded to; After changing blank, by the pressure between amorphous alloy interface, utilize temperature and pressure to promote the diffusion of metallic atom, amorphous alloy blank is welded together.
If extruding terminates, close protective gas system, stop the heating of Extruding die; During etc. mold cools down near room temperature, the exit position of the wire rod of coated amorphous alloy along Extruding die is cut off, extrusion die is unloaded from workbench; Unclamp the secure components such as screw, take Extruding die apart, amorphous alloy blank will be remained and remove; Finally, by extrusion die combination and fastening, in order to next time use.
Embodiment:
The material of wire rod is red copper wire, and diameter is 1mm; The amorphous alloy being coated on red copper wire external layer is Zr58.5Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3Nb2.8.The vitrification point of amorphous alloy Zr58.5Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3Nb2.8 and crystallization temperature are respectively 385 DEG C and 470 DEG C, when heating-up temperature is 405 DEG C, can be incubated 30 minutes and have crystallization phenomenon, can meet the requirement of cladding process.When coated amorphous alloy, the heating and temperature control of recipient and setting being overlapped by temperature controller is at 403 DEG C ~ 407 DEG C.Tractive force used time coated is 100N, and coated amorphous alloy thickness is 0.1mm.Protective gas is nitrogen.
Claims (8)
1. by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod, comprise wire cut device, wire rod traction and collection apparatus, amorphous alloy blank operating system, Extruding die, extruding punch, workbench, is characterized in that, Extruding die to be divided on Extruding die piece under piece and Extruding die, and Extruding die, under piece and Extruding die, piece is respectively equipped with cable channel groove, extruding punch mating groove, blank groove, bonding container groove and working chamber's groove, can form cable channel during both splits, extruding punch passage, blank room, bonding container and working chamber, wherein cable channel, extruding punch channel direction is vertical, blank room, extrude punch passage on one wire, bonding container, working chamber and cable channel are on one wire, a blank room and an extruding punch passage is respectively provided with in the both sides of cable channel, the exit of described cable channel is provided with protective gas jet pipe, on Extruding die, under piece and Extruding die, piece tightens together, and is provided with heating in described Extruding die, temperature measuring equipment, both are all connected with temperature controller.
2. according to claim 1ly by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod, it is characterized in that, coated adiabator layer around described Extruding die, reserve the import and export of extruding punch, wire rod in the relevant position of adiabator layer.
3. according to claim 1ly carry out coated device by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy to wire rod, it is characterized in that, described protective gas jet pipe connects oil water separator by air accumulator, and oil water separator is connected with vavuum pump by gas compressor.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3, by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod, it is characterized in that, the traction of described wire cut device, wire rod and collection apparatus, Extruding die, extruding punch are all arranged in atmosphere box, and atmosphere box is ined succession vavuum pump.
5. according to claim 1,2 or 3, by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod, it is characterized in that, between described Extruding die and workbench, be provided with thermal insulation board.
6. according to claim 1ly carry out coated device by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy to wire rod, it is characterized in that, described extruding punch is connected with the plunger of hydraulic system oil cylinder.
7. according to claim 1ly carry out coated device by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy to wire rod, it is characterized in that, the monolateral gap between described cable channel and wire rod is 0.02 ~ 0.04mm.
8. according to claim 1ly by the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod, it is characterized in that, on described Extruding die piece and piece under Extruding die by screw together with pin fastener.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420488897.2U CN204108008U (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2014-08-27 | By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420488897.2U CN204108008U (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2014-08-27 | By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod |
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| CN204108008U true CN204108008U (en) | 2015-01-21 |
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| CN201420488897.2U Withdrawn - After Issue CN204108008U (en) | 2014-08-27 | 2014-08-27 | By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device is carried out to wire rod |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104174679A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-03 | 山东科技大学 | Device and process for cladding wire rod with amorphous alloy through multidirectional extrusion |
| CN108311549A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-07-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of extrusion forming method of copper piece vacuum temperature adjustment |
-
2014
- 2014-08-27 CN CN201420488897.2U patent/CN204108008U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104174679A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-03 | 山东科技大学 | Device and process for cladding wire rod with amorphous alloy through multidirectional extrusion |
| CN104174679B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-12-09 | 山东科技大学 | By the multidirectional extruding of amorphous alloy, coated device and technique are carried out to wire rod |
| CN108311549A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-07-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of extrusion forming method of copper piece vacuum temperature adjustment |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20150121 Effective date of abandoning: 20151209 |
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| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |