CN103170798B - A kind of processing method of high-quality large-diameter thin-wall metal cylinder - Google Patents
A kind of processing method of high-quality large-diameter thin-wall metal cylinder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103170798B CN103170798B CN201110433173.9A CN201110433173A CN103170798B CN 103170798 B CN103170798 B CN 103170798B CN 201110433173 A CN201110433173 A CN 201110433173A CN 103170798 B CN103170798 B CN 103170798B
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- spinning
- finished
- processing
- cylindrical shell
- quality
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metals Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011257 shell materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000047 products Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011265 semifinished products Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000956 alloys Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002131 composite materials Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001069 Ti alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solutions Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound 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Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of high-quality large-diameter thin-wall metal cylinder, belong to metal working technical area.
Background technology
Metal cylinder is widely used at industrial circles such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, oil, chemical industry, electric power, nuclear energy.The processing method of large diameter thin wall metal cylinder mainly contains and 1. utilizes sheet material roll bending to weld direct forming, 2. sheet material roll bending welding, flow turning, cylinder end welding forming, 3. sheet-metal press working, flow turning is shaped, the 4. direct mould pressing of plate, 5. centrifugal casting pipe, flow turning, welding forming at the bottom of cylinder, 6. vacuum pressing and casting cylinder base, heat etc. is pressed silently, and flow turning is shaped.Conventional panels roll bending welding direct forming method, can be used for the cylindrical shell processing of most of metal material, but the existence of weld seam reduces the combination property of cylindrical shell; For high-strength steel, nickel-base alloy, titanium alloy etc materials that resistance of deformation is larger, utilize the direct mould pressing processing of sheet material quite difficulty; It is short that centrifugal casting+spinning process prepares large-diameter cylinder body flow process, but be not suitable for the larger material of alloying element difference of specific gravity and need at the bottom of welding cylinder; Although casting-heat and other static pressuring processes can eliminate the defects such as blow hole, be difficult to eliminate thick cast sturcture, the uniformity of spinning cylinder base tissue is poor; The operation that sheet metal forming prepares spinning cylinder base is many, the difficult-to-deformation materials such as nickel-base alloy, high-strength steel and titanium alloy that resistance of deformation is larger are shaped quite difficult, and preparation of plates work flow is long, cause the operation of the method processing large-diameter cylinder body of sheet metal forming+flow turning shaping and direct mould pressing quite loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of preparation method of high-quality major diameter no-welding-seam thin-wall metal barrel is provided, its preparation technology's flow process is short, it is laborsaving, energy-conservation to be shaped, stock utilization is high, applicability is strong, cylindrical shell even tissue, tiny, good combination property, can solve traditional diamond-making technique and have that weld seam affects cylindrical shell combination property, work flow is long and operation is many, shape the problems such as difficulty.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A processing method for high-quality large-diameter thin-wall metal cylinder, comprises the steps:
(1) adopt isothermal or hot-die backward extrusion technology, involutory bodkin rod carries out backward extrusion, prepares spinning cylinder base;
(2) machining steps (1) gained spinning cylinder base surfaces externally and internally, and the inner surface at the bottom of finish turning cylinder base cylinder, obtain machined spinning cylindrical shell;
(3) by step (2) accurately machined spinning cylinder base, carry out the powerful flow turning of multi-pass, described spinning is that heat is revolved or coldly to be revolved, and obtains spinning semi-finished product;
(4) step (3) spinning semi-finished product are carried out intermediate heat-treatment, described intermediate heat-treatment is annealing or solution treatment;
(5) step (3) and (4) are hocketed repeatedly, and carry out finished product spinning;
(6) to the cylindrical shell of step (5) gained, pickling and cleaning after, carry out finished product heat treatment;
(7) surfaces externally and internally polishing is carried out to step (6) heat treated cylindrical shell, obtain finished product cylindrical shell.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: described alloy is deforming alloy, the deforming alloy and the discontinuous body that comprise ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal strengthen metallic composite, require that higher nickel-base alloy, high-strength steel, titanium alloy, zircaloy, aluminium alloy, copper alloy and discontinuous body strengthen metallic composite etc. mainly for serviceability.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, is characterized in that: in step (1), and the diameter of described alloy forging rod is Φ 180mm ~ Φ 1000mm; Extrusion temperature adopts hot-die backward extrusion higher than 1050 DEG C, and adopt isothermal backward extrusion lower than this temperature, the extrusion ratio of described backward extrusion is 1.5 ~ 10, and extrusion speed is 0.01mm/s ~ 5mm/s.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: in step (2), the wall thickness of described machined spinning cylindrical shell is 10mm ~ 50mm, and external diameter is Φ 200mm ~ Φ 1000mm.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: in step (3), described heat is revolved mainly for the poor material of temperature-room type plasticity, as titanium alloy and discontinuous body strengthen metallic composite etc., namely when described alloy be titanium alloy or discontinuous body strengthen metallic composite time, adopt the powerful flow turning of hot precession row multi-pass.The passage reduction of described flow turning is 10% ~ 40%, and feed ratio is 0.5mm/n ~ 2mm/n.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, is characterized in that: in step (4), and the deflection between described intermediate heat-treatment (annealing or solution treatment) is 45% ~ 75%.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: in step (5), the passage reduction of described finished product spinning is 10% ~ 40%, and feed ratio is 0.5mm/n ~ 2mm/n.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: in step (6), described heat treatment is vacuum annealing or solid solution+Ageing Treatment, can adopt the standard heat treatment system that material is conventional.
A kind of preferred technical scheme, it is characterized in that: in step (7), the diameter of described finished product cylindrical shell is Φ 200mm ~ Φ 1000mm, and wall thickness is 1mm ~ 10mm, and length is 300mm ~ 3000mm.
The invention provides a kind of large-diameter cylinder body even tissue and tiny, that combination property is high, flow process is short, stock utilization is high new method for processing, major advantage has:
(1) in extrusion process, material is subject to three-dimensional compressive stress and has played the formability of material greatly, adopt isothermal or hot-die backward extrusion, blank temperature is consistent with mold temperature or be close, material deformation homogeneous temperature, distortion is evenly, spinning cylinder base even tissue, tiny.
(2) extrusion molding strain rate is less, and deformation temperature is high, and almost do not have the cold effect of mould, material deformation drag is less, significantly reduces force in extrusion, is shaped laborsaving, energy-conservation.
(3) adopt isothermal/hot-die backward extrusion technology directly to prepare spinning cylinder base, avoid that operation is many, the multi-pass of the sheet fabrication of long flow path and cylinder base is stamping, shorten technological process greatly.
(4) applicability of the present invention is very strong, almost can be used for the processing of all deforming alloy cylindrical shells, and the discontinuous body that also can be used for plasticity lower strengthens shaping of metallic composite cylindrical shell.
Adopt the present invention processing major diameter no-welding-seam thin-wall metal barrel, even tissue and tiny, combination property is high, flow process is short, added value of product is high.The present invention is high-performance, the processing of high-quality, large diameter thin wall cylindrical shell provides new way, the cylindrical shell of processing can be used for all trades and professions of the high-tech area such as Aeronautics and Astronautics and nuclear industry and normal domestic, application prospect is good, has certain economic benefit and social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of high-quality large-diameter thin-wall metal cylinder processing method of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Be processed as example mainly through nickel-base alloy thin-wall barrel that is large to resistance of deformation, forming difficulty below, the present invention will be further described, but and do not mean that limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, be process chart of the present invention.The processing process of high-quality large-diameter thin-wall metal cylinder of the present invention, comprising: forge excellent blanking, isothermal/hot-die backward extrusion, inner surface at the bottom of machined cylindrical shell surfaces externally and internally and finish turning cylinder, flow turning, intermediate heat-treatment, finished product spinning, finished product heat treatment, polishing inside and outside cylindrical shell.
(1) adopt isothermal or hot-die backward extrusion technology, involutory bodkin rod carries out backward extrusion, prepares spinning cylinder base.Alloy is deforming alloy, the deforming alloy and the discontinuous body that comprise ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal strengthen metallic composite, require that higher nickel-base alloy, high-strength steel, titanium alloy, zircaloy, aluminium alloy, copper alloy and discontinuous body strengthen metallic composite etc. mainly for serviceability.The diameter of alloy forging rod can be Φ 180mm ~ Φ 1000mm; Extrusion temperature adopts hot-die backward extrusion higher than 1050 DEG C, and adopt isothermal backward extrusion lower than this temperature, the extrusion ratio of backward extrusion is 1.5 ~ 10, and extrusion speed is 0.01mm/s ~ 5mm/s.
(2) machining steps (1) gained spinning cylinder base surfaces externally and internally, and the inner surface at the bottom of finish turning cylinder base cylinder, obtain machined spinning cylindrical shell.The wall thickness of machined spinning cylindrical shell is 10mm ~ 50mm, and external diameter is Φ 200mm ~ Φ 1000mm.
(3) by step (2) accurately machined spinning cylinder base, carry out the powerful flow turning of multi-pass, spinning is that heat is revolved or coldly to be revolved, and obtains spinning semi-finished product.Heat is revolved mainly for the poor material of temperature-room type plasticity, and as titanium alloy and discontinuous body strengthen metallic composite etc., the passage reduction of flow turning is 10% ~ 40%, and feed ratio is 0.5mm/n ~ 2mm/n.
(4) step (3) spinning semi-finished product are carried out intermediate heat-treatment, described intermediate heat-treatment is annealing or solution treatment.Deflection between intermediate heat-treatment (annealing or solution treatment) is 45% ~ 75%.
(5) step (3) and (4) are hocketed repeatedly, and carry out finished product spinning.The passage reduction of finished product spinning is 10% ~ 40%, and feed ratio is 0.5mm/n ~ 2mm/n.
(6) to the cylindrical shell of step (5) gained, pickling and cleaning after-baking.Heat treatment is vacuum annealing or solid solution+Ageing Treatment, can adopt the standard heat treatment system that material is conventional.
(7) carry out surfaces externally and internally polishing to step (6) heat treated cylindrical shell, the diameter of gained finished product cylindrical shell is Φ 200mm ~ Φ 1000mm, and wall thickness is 1mm ~ 10mm, and length is 300mm ~ 3000mm.
Embodiment 1
Processing object is HastelloyC alloy cylinder, and be the forging rod blanking of 300mm by diameter, after machined, be the common carbon steel| jacket of 10mm, be heated to 890 DEG C with wall thickness, insulation 3h, continues to be warmed up to 1220 DEG C, insulation 4h; Then cover and be coated with glass lubrication powder, put into recipient and carry out hot-die backward extrusion, extrusion speed is 1.5mm/s, and extrusion ratio is 3.5, and extruding tool and mould temperature is 950 DEG C.Remove sheath material, machined cylindrical shell surfaces externally and internally, and inner surface at the bottom of finish turning cylinder, spinning cylinder base external diameter is 294mm, and wall thickness is 10mm.Three-wheel power spinning machine is adopted to carry out flow turning, the wall cut rate of the first passage is 20%, back pass reduction is 26%, the feed ratio 0.7mm/n of two passages before finished product, the feed ratio of other passages is 1.3mm/n, and the deflection between solution heat treatment is 65%, and solid solubility temperature is 1180 DEG C, insulation 1.5h, shrend.Finished product cylindrical shell adopts vacuum annealing, and annealing temperature is 1120 DEG C.External diameter through polishing rear cylinder body is 276mm, and wall thickness is 1mm.
Embodiment 2
Processing object is GH4698 alloy cylinder, and be the forging rod blanking of 260mm by diameter, after machined, be the common carbon steel| jacket of 10mm, be heated to 860 DEG C with wall thickness, insulation 2h, continues to be warmed up to 1220 DEG C, insulation 3h; Then cover and be coated with glass lubrication powder, put into recipient and carry out hot-die backward extrusion, extrusion speed is 1.5mm/s, and extrusion ratio is 3.1, and extruding tool and mould temperature is 950 DEG C.Remove sheath material, machined cylindrical shell surfaces externally and internally, and inner surface at the bottom of finish turning cylinder, spinning cylinder base external diameter is 255mm, and wall thickness is 10mm.Three-wheel power spinning machine is adopted to carry out flow turning, the wall cut rate of the first passage is 21%, back pass reduction is 27%, before finished product, the feed ratio of two passages is 0.6mm/n, the feed ratio of other passages is 1.1mm/n, and the deflection between solution heat treatment is 65%, and solid solubility temperature is 1100 DEG C, insulation 1h, shrend.Finished product tubing employing standard heat treatment system is: solid solubility temperature is 1120 ± 10 DEG C, 8h, air cooling+1000 ± 10 DEG C, 4h, air cooling+775 ± 10 DEG C, 16h, air cooling.External diameter through polishing rear cylinder body is 239mm, and wall thickness is 2mm.
Embodiment 3
Processing object is Inconel718 alloy cylinder, and be the forging rod blanking of 300mm by diameter, after machined, be preheating to 260 DEG C of anti-oxidation glass lubricants of spraying high temperature, be heated to 850 DEG C subsequently, insulation 2h, continues to be warmed up to 1050 DEG C, insulation 4h; Then cover and be coated with glass lubrication powder, put into recipient and carry out isothermal backward extrusion, extrusion speed is 1mm/s, and extrusion ratio is 4.Machined cylindrical shell surfaces externally and internally, and inner surface at the bottom of finish turning cylinder, the external diameter of machined rear cylinder body is 295mm, and wall thickness is 15mm.Three-wheel power spinning machine is adopted to carry out flow turning, the reduction of the first passage is 18%, back pass reduction is 25%, before finished product, the feed ratio of two passages is 0.7mm/n, the feed ratio of other passages is 1.2mm/n, and the deflection between solution treatment is 70%, and solid solubility temperature is 1065 DEG C, insulation 2h, shrend.Finished product cylindrical shell adopts standard heat treatment system II:980 ± 10 DEG C, and 1h, air cooling+720 ± 5 DEG C, 8h, is chilled to 620 ± 5 DEG C with 50 DEG C/stove, 8h, air cooling.External diameter through polishing rear cylinder body is 267mm, and wall thickness is 1mm.
Embodiment 4
Processing object is Mone400 alloy cylinder, and be the forging rod blanking of 400mm by diameter, after machined, be preheating to 200 DEG C of anti-oxidation glass lubricants of spraying high temperature, be heated to 980 DEG C subsequently, insulation 4h, covers and be coated with glass lubrication powder; Put into recipient and carry out isothermal backward extrusion, extrusion speed is 0.5mm/s, and extrusion ratio is 5.3.Machined cylindrical shell surfaces externally and internally, and inner surface at the bottom of finish turning cylinder, the external diameter of machined rear cylinder body is 395mm, and wall thickness is 15mm.Adopt three-wheel power spinning machine to carry out flow turning, the reduction of the first passage is 20%, and back pass reduction is 25 ~ 30%, and before finished product, the feed ratio of two passages is 0.8mm/n, and the feed ratio of other passages is 1.6mm/n.Between annealing, deflection is 70%, and annealing temperature is 920 DEG C.Finished products temperature is 615 DEG C, insulation 1h.External diameter through polishing rear cylinder body is 370mm, and wall thickness is 2.5mm.
Adopt the major diameter no-welding-seam thin-wall metal barrel of the inventive method processing, even tissue and tiny, combination property is high, flow process is short, added value of product is high, to have a good promotion prospects and certain economic benefit and social benefit.
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