CN103894792A - Method for machining forge piece of large-scale single-flange anti-explosion motor main shaft of all-fiber texture - Google Patents
Method for machining forge piece of large-scale single-flange anti-explosion motor main shaft of all-fiber texture Download PDFInfo
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- CN103894792A CN103894792A CN201410065115.9A CN201410065115A CN103894792A CN 103894792 A CN103894792 A CN 103894792A CN 201410065115 A CN201410065115 A CN 201410065115A CN 103894792 A CN103894792 A CN 103894792A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for machining a forge piece of a large-scale single-flange anti-explosion motor main shaft of an all-fiber texture. The method comprises the specific steps of raw material smelting, heating, first heating number twice upsetting and swaging, second heating number flange and step shaft forging, normalization treatment after forging, workblank detection, nondestructive inspection, mechanical property and metallographic examination, semi-finishing, stabilized heat treatment and the like. According to the method, the all-fiber texture of the forged single-flange anti-explosion motor main shaft is even, the flange root is high in impact-resistant mechanical property, and operation is balanced and free of noise. Meanwhile, the method greatly reduces production cost and is good in economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric machine main shaft forging process method, relate in particular to a kind of complete large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of fibr tissue.
Background technology
The fields such as current nuclear power, petrochemical industry, Coal Chemical Industry are very fast in China's development, demand, instructions for use for large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft are more and more higher, especially very harsh to the requirement of its service life, fault rate, then all have higher requirement in design, production and the manufacture of large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft for forging enterprise.
The forging method of traditional large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft generally has two kinds: one is setting down, forges respectively main shaft and flange arrangement, after completing by flange welding the axle head at main shaft.Flange arrangement after this processing method welding cannot become solid forging with main shaft, more cannot guarantee its fibr tissue uniformity, when flange section welding simultaneously, residual stress can not be removed completely, global tissue is inhomogeneous, cause and in process, occur that flange distortion, balance are poor running up for a long time, produce shake, noise, fracture accident even occurs; Another kind is to chop in flange position with triangle marking knife, then extrudes flange step, reserves larger surplus, then goes out flange stepped portions by lathe grinding.This processing method is directly the fibr tissue of material to be cut off and forces to shape, after the moulding of main shaft forging, its overall fibr tissue does not have continuity, affects its flange root shock resistance mechanics performance, easily makes fracture of root, appearance accident, reduces generator service life.In addition, also there is deficiency in economic performance, problem that production cost is high in above two kinds of processing methods.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of complete large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of fibr tissue, solve existing setting down method and chop that the main shaft forging global tissue of forging method manufacture is inhomogeneous, fibr tissue do not have that continuity, flange root shock resistance mechanics poor performance, flange are easily out of shape, balance is poor, easy shake produces the defect that fracture of root even appears in noise.
In order to realize goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is that a kind of complete large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of fibr tissue, comprises the following steps:
Step a, raw material quality control, adopt the steel ingot of electric arc furnace smelting+external refining+vacuum outgas smelting as raw material.
Step b, steel ingot is inserted to heating furnace be heated to 1250 ± 10 ℃ of initial forging temperatures and be all incubated 8h.
Step c, one heat forging:
The first step: the steel ingot heating in stove is come out of the stove, stand up on upset die, be placed on upper end with large upset plate and suppress jumping-up, stop when upset ratio >2 to forge;
Second step: take out blank along being radially placed on upset die, adopt WRF method radially to suppress along steel ingot, drafts is 28%, stops forging more than 180 seconds, stops forging more than 180 seconds after adopting same method to be depressed into four directions blank half-twist subsequently;
The 3rd step: adopt upper and lower wide anvil pulling to all directions axis body cubic blank.
The 4th step: adopt above-mentioned same method to carry out secondary jumping-up, suppress to all directions axis body, upset ratio >2, radially suppressing drafts is 28%, Temperature Field Control is more than 1050 ℃, the all directions axis body to first base size with upper and lower wide anvil pulling subsequently, print roller number with circular horn and print, fed to boiler is heated to 1150 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 3 hours.
Steps d, the second fiery forging molding;
The first step: the blank that heating and thermal insulation is good is come out of the stove, from flange seal, main shaft section is depressed to pulling with upper and lower flat anvil is first, drafts is 20%, after half-twist, with 20% drafts, main shaft section is depressed to pulling axis body extremely from all directions again, subsequently the flange section of an other side at number seal place is also depressed to pulling to rear round as a ball from all directions;
Second step: by manipulator clamping flange section, main shaft section is pulled out to Step Shaft, round as a ball, finishing, alignment, forging completes, and final forging temperature is 850 ℃.
Step e, by forging winch to heat treatment work area adopt Quick uniform force be cooled to 400 ℃, enter heat-treatment furnace by technique and carry out double normalizing+temper.
Step f, to carrying out inspection of blank through forging the forging of after-baking, detect a flaw for the first time after qualified and carry out roughing, then carry out 100% ultrasonic nondestructive test check, cut body sample and carry out mechanical property, metal lographic examination.
Step g, through after the assay was approved, forging carries out semifinishing, steady heat processing, mark, packing.
Feature of the present invention is also, when in step a, material is selected, in chemical composition, control of deleterious element is: S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cu≤0.20, H≤2p pm, 0≤35ppm, N≤65p pm.
Described step b enters stove heating and takes three sections of heatings to heat, concrete heating process is: pack steel ingot into temperature and be incubated 4h lower than the heating furnace of 450 ℃, after being warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h subsequently, be incubated 4h, after being warming up to 850 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h again, be incubated 5h, samming 2h after being finally warming up to 1250 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h, insulation 6h, begins to forge.
Twice upset ratio sum >4 of described step c, twice pulling is than sum >6.
In described step e, double normalizing+temper detailed process is: first the forging that is excessively chilled to 400 ± 10 ℃ is packed into heat-treatment furnace insulation 4h; Be warming up to 900 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h and be all incubated 6h; Come out of the stove and adopt water smoke, air act of union to force to be chilled to soon 320 ± 10 ℃ to heat treatment work area, enter stove insulation 6h; Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h, be all incubated 2h; Be warming up to 860 ± 10 ℃ of C by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h, be all incubated 6h; Come out of the stove and force to be evenly chilled to soon 320 ± 10 ℃, enter stove insulation 5h; Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h, insulation 50h; Blowing out, is cooled to 200 ℃ by the speed that is not more than 30 ℃ per hour and comes out of the stove below, enters hole heap and is chilled to normal temperature and finishes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First the large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of full fibr tissue of the present invention in the time that material is smelted, has controlled harmful element and the pernicious gas content in material in advance, has guaranteed the degree of purity of material; In the time of twice jumping-up of the first fire time and pulling, strictly controlled upset ratio be greater than 4 and pulling than being greater than 6, make it in the time that just base completes, can form complete, fibr tissue streamline entirely uniformly; Particularly strictly control drafts 20%, can completely densified blank core and the shrinkage cavity that easily exists of seam material itself, the inevitable metallurgical imperfection of raw material such as loose.The second fire is time with the direct forged flange step of upper and lower flat anvil and control drafts, avoid organizing from flange root marking knife cut staple the generation of streamline and drawing crack completely, both guarantee the integrality of full fibr tissue, avoided again heavy reduction to exceed Plastic Deformation Limit of Metals easily causing the appearance of organization internal micro-crack; Both improve production efficiency, improved again product quality and economic benefit.Forging entirety mechanical property is improved more than 30%, is effective road energy-conservation, that lower consumption, reduce production costs, improve the quality of products.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the material that adopts the inventive method to forge single flange fire-proof motor main shaft is smelted flow chart;
Fig. 2 adopts the inventive method to forge the heating process figure of single flange fire-proof motor main shaft;
Fig. 3 adopts the inventive method to forge single flange fire-proof motor main shaft jumping-up front and back structural representation;
Fig. 4 adopts the inventive method to forge single flange fire-proof motor main shaft to suppress pulling process schematic representation;
Fig. 5 adopts the inventive method to forge all directions axis body artwork after single flange fire-proof motor main shaft pulling;
Fig. 6 adopts the inventive method to forge single flange fire-proof motor spindle flange moulding process figure;
Fig. 7 adopts the inventive method to forge single flange fire-proof motor main shaft step shaft molding technique figure;
Fig. 8 adopts the inventive method to forge single flange fire-proof motor main shaft to forge rear double normalizing artwork;
Fig. 9 adopts the inventive method to forge single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging tempering process figure;
Figure 10 is single flange fire-proof motor main shaft finished product process and the internal fiber organization chart that adopts the inventive method to forge.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention is described in detail.
The complete large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft (figure number: Y13T156 of fibr tissue.1) forging process method
Step a, raw material quality control, as shown in Figure 1, adopt the steel ingot of electric arc furnace smelting+external refining+vacuum outgas smelting as raw material, and material adopts 45A, meets Q/HWG-QW07010-2000, and meets JB/T1271-2002I I class standard completely.Control of deleterious element in chemical composition is: S≤0.025, P≤0.025, Cu≤0.20, H≤2p pm, 0≤35p pm, N≤65p pm;
Step b, as shown in Figure 2, steel ingot is entered to stove takes three sections of heatings to heat, concrete heating process is: pack steel ingot into temperature and be incubated 4h lower than the heating furnace of 450 ℃, after being warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h subsequently, be incubated 4h, after being warming up to 850 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h again, be incubated 5h, samming 2h after being finally warming up to 1250 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h, insulation 6h, begins to forge;
Step c, one heat forging:
The first step: the steel ingot heating in stove is come out of the stove, stand up on upset die, be placed on upper end with large upset plate and suppress jumping-up, stop when upset ratio >2 to forge; As shown in Fig. 3 (a), former steel ingot is of a size of H=2200mm, D=φ 850mm, and as shown in Fig. 3 (b), jumping-up is to H=740mm, D=φ 1450mm:
Second step: as shown in Fig. 4 (a), take out blank along being radially placed on upset die, adopt WRF method radially to suppress along steel ingot, drafts is 28%, as shown in Fig. 4 (b), stop forging 180 seconds, adopt same method to stop forging 180 seconds after being depressed into four directions blank half-twist subsequently;
The 3rd step: adopt upper and lower wide anvil pulling to all directions axis body, L=1900mm, D=900mm cubic blank.
The 4th step: adopt above-mentioned same method to carry out secondary jumping-up, suppress to all directions axis body, upset ratio >2, radially suppressing drafts is 28%, Temperature Field Control is more than 1050 ℃, as shown in Figure 5, all directions axis body to first base size (L=1900mm, D=900mm) with upper and lower wide anvil pulling, prints roller number with circular horn and prints subsequently, fed to boiler is heated to 50 ± 10 ℃ of youngsters, is incubated 3 hours.
Twice upset ratio sum >4 of one heat forging, twice pulling is than sum >6, upset ratio sum >4 smashes the inner thick column crystal of steel ingot and pattern segregation in order to solve, while pulling for next step, increase pulling than laying the foundation, fully to guarantee that flange end and axle body position full form help fibre flow simultaneously.Adopting " WRF " forging method and control drafts 28%, is to utilize " three-dimensional compressive stress " principle to forge close the inner uncontrollable remaining shrinkage cavity of steel ingot and loosen and smash the field trash that exceeds standard; Stopping forging more than 180 seconds, is mainly more to heal completely for organizing after forging is closed.
Steps d, the second fire time forging molding;
The first step: the blank that heating and thermal insulation is good is come out of the stove, from flange seal, main shaft section is depressed to pulling (Tu5Zhong B district) with upper and lower flat anvil is first, drafts is 20%, after half-twist, with 20% drafts, main shaft section is depressed to pulling to four directions again, as shown in Figure 6, finally just B district depresses pulling to all directions L=2600mm, D=600mm, subsequently the flange section of an other side at number seal place (Tu5Zhong A district) is also depressed to pulling to from all directions, L=700mm, D=900mm;
Second step: as shown in Figure 7, adopt upper and lower flat-anvils stretching to blank dimension L=750mm, D=870mm the flange section in A district, subsequently by manipulator clamping flange section, the main shaft section in B district is drawn into Step Shaft, finally carry out round as a ball, finishing, alignment, forging completes, and final forging temperature is 850 ℃.
The first step of this step adopts upper and lower flat anvil to depress, and drafts 20% is according to theory of plastic deformation, has both guaranteed core compacting, has avoided again the drawing crack of flange root tissue; Depress to is mainly to guarantee that the fibr tissue flow direction is more even from all directions.
Step e, as shown in Figure 8, winches to heat treatment work area by the forging of 850 ℃ of final forging temperatures and adopts Quick uniform to force to be cooled to 400 ± 10 ℃, is mainly to utilize forging waste heat to increase crystal grain thinning process one time, has saved the energy.Enter heat-treatment furnace by technique subsequently and carry out double normalizing+temper, first the forging that is excessively chilled to 400 ± 10 ℃ is packed into heat-treatment furnace insulation 4h; Be warming up to 900 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h and be all incubated 6h; Come out of the stove and adopt water smoke, air act of union to force to be chilled to soon 320 ± 10 ℃ to heat treatment work area, enter stove insulation 6h; Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h, be all incubated 2h; Be warming up to 860 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h, when being all incubated the Quick uniform of coming out of the stove after 6h and being cooled to 320 ± 10 ℃, carry out forging tempering process; As shown in Figure 9, first forging is forced to be evenly chilled to soon 320 ± 10 ℃, enter stove insulation 6h; Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h, insulation 50h; Blowing out, is cooled to 200 ℃ by the speed that is not more than 30 ℃ per hour and comes out of the stove below, enters hole heap and is chilled to normal temperature and finishes.
Adopting 900 ℃ of normalizings object is once according to " Qi Ernuofu B point " even equi-axed crystal of principle manufacture, creates organization condition, prevents and eliminate Structure Inheritance during for next time again crystallization normalizing.Finally adopt 860 ℃ of normalizings once to make forging grain size reach more than 6 grades, can replace the mechanical property in hardening and tempering process completely.By 650 ℃ annealing holding times to 50h, main purpose be make the recrystallization time increase, allow organize more even; And can diffuse away remaining hydrogen molecule, and effectively reduce the hydrogen content in forging, avoid or prevented the generation of micro-white point.
Step f, the forging after Overheating Treatment is carried out to inspection of blank first flaw detection, qualified rear sawing two ends and rough turn processing, and then carry out 100% ultrasonic flaw detection check.After qualified, cut body sample and carry out mechanical property, metal lographic examination.
Step g, through after the assay was approved, forging carries out semifinishing, steady heat processing, mark, packing, is process and the internal fiber institutional framework schematic diagram of final finished as shown in figure 10.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention; above-mentioned embodiment and description are principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in claimed scope of the present invention.The protection domain that the present invention requires is defined by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. the large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of full fibr tissue, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step a, raw material quality control, adopt the steel ingot of electric arc furnace smelting+external refining+vacuum outgas smelting as raw material.
Step b, steel ingot is inserted to heating furnace be heated to 1250 ± 10 ℃ of initial forging temperatures and be all incubated 8h.
Step c, one heat forging;
The first step: the steel ingot heating in stove is come out of the stove, stand up on upset die, be placed on upper end with large upset plate and suppress jumping-up, stop when upset ratio >2 to forge;
Second step: take out blank along being radially placed on upset die, adopt WRF method radially to suppress along steel ingot, drafts is 28%, stops forging more than 180 seconds, stops forging more than 180 seconds after adopting same method to be depressed into four directions blank half-twist subsequently;
The 3rd step: adopt upper and lower wide anvil pulling to all directions axis body cubic blank.
The 4th step: adopt above-mentioned same method to carry out secondary jumping-up, suppress to all directions axis body, upset ratio >2, radially suppressing drafts is 28%, Temperature Field Control is more than 1050 ℃, the all directions axis body to first base size with upper and lower wide anvil pulling subsequently, print roller number with circular horn and print, fed to boiler is heated to 1150 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 3 hours.
Steps d, the second fiery forging molding;
The first step: the blank that heating and thermal insulation is good is come out of the stove, from flange seal, main shaft section is depressed to pulling with upper and lower flat anvil is first, drafts is 20%, after half-twist, with 20% drafts, main shaft section is depressed to pulling axis body extremely from all directions again, subsequently the flange section of an other side at number seal place is also depressed to pulling to rear round as a ball from all directions;
Second: by manipulator clamping flange section, main shaft section is pulled out to Step Shaft, round as a ball, finishing, alignment, forging completes, and final forging temperature is 850 ℃.
Step e, by forging winch to heat treatment work area adopt Quick uniform force be cooled to 400 ℃, enter heat-treatment furnace by technique and carry out double normalizing+temper.
Step f, to carrying out inspection of blank through forging the forging of after-baking, detect a flaw for the first time after qualified and carry out roughing, then carry out 100% ultrasonic nondestructive test check, cut body sample and carry out mechanical property, metal lographic examination.
Step g, through after the assay was approved, forging carries out semifinishing, steady heat processing, mark, packing.
2. the large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of the full fibr tissue of one as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, when in described step a, material is selected, in chemical composition, control of deleterious element is: S≤0.025、P≤0.025、Cu≤0。20、H≤2ppm、0≤35ppm、N≤65p?pm。
3. the large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of the full fibr tissue of one as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step b enters stove heating and takes three sections of heatings to heat, concrete heating process is: pack steel ingot into temperature and be incubated 4h lower than the heating furnace of 450 ℃, after being warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h subsequently, be incubated 4h, after being warming up to 850 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h again, be incubated 5h, samming 2h after being finally warming up to 1250 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h, insulation 6h, begins to forge.
4. the large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of the full fibr tissue of one as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, twice upset ratio sum >4 of described step c, and twice pulling is than sum >6.
5. the large-scale single flange fire-proof motor main shaft forging process method of the full fibr tissue of one as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step e, double normalizing+temper detailed process is: first the forging that is excessively chilled to 400 ± 10 ℃ is packed into heat-treatment furnace insulation 4h; Be warming up to 900 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h and be all incubated 6h; Come out of the stove and adopt water smoke, air act of union to force to be chilled to soon 320 ± 10 ℃ to heat treatment work area, enter stove insulation 6h; Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h, be all incubated 2h; Be warming up to 860 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 80 ℃/h, be all incubated 6h; Come out of the stove and force to be evenly chilled to soon 320 ± 10 ℃, enter stove insulation 5h; Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ by the programming rate of 60 ℃/h, insulation 50h; Blowing out, is cooled to 200 ℃ by the speed that is not more than 30 ℃ per hour and comes out of the stove below, enters hole heap and is chilled to normal temperature and finishes.
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