CN204022767U - A kind of vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove Wu dioxin and non-exhaust emission - Google Patents
A kind of vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove Wu dioxin and non-exhaust emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN204022767U CN204022767U CN201420451889.0U CN201420451889U CN204022767U CN 204022767 U CN204022767 U CN 204022767U CN 201420451889 U CN201420451889 U CN 201420451889U CN 204022767 U CN204022767 U CN 204022767U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Abstract
A kind of vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove Wu dioxin and non-exhaust emission, stove adopts vertical structure, combustion zone establishes two-layer fire bars to be separated into burning zone, afterflame section, after-flame and lime-ash section, burner hearth inside forms dryer section, retort section, reduction section, burning zone, afterflame section, after-flame and lime-ash section from top to bottom, the carbide of the heat heat reduction section that burning zone burning produces, the carbide of high temperature is the CO of burning generation
2reduction, generate CO (gasification gas), gasification gas arrives retort section heating rubbish from the fuel chamber's rising around rubbish and makes its destructive distillation, generate dry distillation gas and carbide, carbide drops to burning zone burning, dry distillation gas and gasification gas is collected as recycling with vacuum fan, realize Wu dioxin and non-exhaust emission, opening for feed and slag notch are in micro-vacuum state, can openly slag tap and avoid gas leak, rely on the particular design of fire bars, realize automatically poking fire, maintain with temperature of combustion closed-loop automatic control and be jealous of interior stable burning, body of heater employing modular construction can be combined into large-scale burning and be jealous of.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove not producing dioxin and non-exhaust emission, incinerator adopts vertical structure, the airtight formation of rubbish completely cuts off air condition, by making rubbish generation destructive distillation decompose to rubbish heating, would not produce dioxin; In below, coal compound also can not produce dioxin; The gasification gas of the dry distillation gas and carbide burning generation that extract destructive distillation generation with vacuum fan carries out recycling, the novel process of reburning after utilizing the first destructive distillation of rubbish realizes waste incineration and produces and the ideal of non-exhaust emission Wu dioxin, and technical field belongs to environmental protection and energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Background technology
The main stream approach of current refuse treatment has landfill, comprehensive utilization and burning three kinds.Garbage loading embeading land occupation, contaminate environment, does not declare popularization to reach common understanding, rubbish comprehensive utilization is not when China's rubbish has strict classification, many experts do not approve, successful story is also few, and therefore the view of domestic, external main flow all tends to waste incineration.
But waste incineration inevitably produces dioxin.Dioxin is known as the first under heaven poison, and rubbish constantly burns ， dioxin and constantly accumulates, threat that have to be serious to the healthy formation of the mankind; Current do not have better refuse treatment way just can only landfill, and rubbish constantly produces, constantly accumulate, and cause garbage-surrounded city, lead to rubbish crisis, garbage problem is troubling.Cracking the difficult problem that waste incineration inevitably produces dioxin, is the hope that people thirst for for a long time.
Obviously, crack the difficult problem that waste incineration inevitably produces dioxin, must rely on technological innovation, technological innovation just must be started with from analysis incinerator Problems existing, then finds corresponding terms of settlement, the breakthrough of actualizing technology.According to analysis, the serious problems that waste incineration exists are summarized as follows:
1, rubbish directly burns and inevitably produces dioxin;
2, waste incineration produces a large amount of flying dusts.90% dioxin is just attached to above flying dust, is difficult to harmlessness disposing;
3, waste incineration produces a large amount of harmful waste gas, and contaminate environment also aggravates the Greenhouse effect of the earth;
4, rubbish is not suitable for direct burning, burns and is jealous of design unreasonable, there is rubbish and burns not saturating, insufficient problem of burning.
It is because waste incineration is oxidizing reaction that rubbish is not suitable for directly burning, abundant oxygen supply is needed fully to burn, but rubbish there is no any intensity, stacked not ventilative, rubbish lacks oxygen and just cannot fully burn, and Here it is causes rubbish to burn thoroughly not insufficient with burning major reason; Secondly, rubbish water content is large, need drying garbage to burn, but many incinerators, such as grate furnace design is unreasonable, but the thermal source of oven dry, heating is lacked below dryer section, there is very large difference in ventilation property of the water content of rubbish in incinerator, size, combustibility and position etc., cannot predict and control, some rubbish does not also parch and just enters burning zone, another not only normally can not burn, also the rubbish pressure blazed up may have been gone out, Here it is causes rubbish to burn not thoroughly, burning insufficient is former tired.
Grate furnace design is unreasonable except except but lacking the thermal source of oven dry, heating below dryer section, also be as decomposing dioxin, the heat that the waste incineration of grate furnace burning zone produces is used to heat exhaust gases, spent air temperture is made to reach more than 850 DEG C, having no relation with refuse treatment, is the waste of heat purely; In addition, incinerator can not be banked up a fire, and need the rubbish storing 7-30 days, cause the generation of foul smell, Leachate site, process bothers very much.
Why waste incineration inevitably produce dioxin 0 Cong dioxin molecular structure viewed from ， dioxin be the phenyl ring replaced by chlorine in conjunction with two by one or two Sauerstoffatoms, its generation must possess two necessary conditions as seen: one is have chlorine to exist; Another is that oxidizing reaction occurs.Composting can have chlorine, and burning is oxidizing reaction, and just in time meet two conditions producing dioxin, can conclude accordingly, rubbish directly burns and inevitably produces dioxin.
In fact, waste incineration is a kind of means instead of the object of refuse treatment, and the object of refuse treatment is innoxious, minimizing and the resource utilization of rubbish.Rubbish is not suitable for burning just should not adhere to direct burning.We are used for refuse treatment retorting technique in 2005, have invented high temperature carbonization incinerator, just have the positively effect effectively suppressing dioxin to produce.
What is meant by destructive distillation? destructive distillation is exactly the chemical reaction process of solid organic matters thermal degradation under the state of isolated air, and the result of reaction generates dry distillation gas and the carbide residue of low molecule alkanes.Because destructive distillation is the decomposition reaction under isolated air condition, does not produce oxidizing reaction and would not produce dioxin; And then burn dry distillation gas or carbide, do not have chlorine can not produce dioxin yet, Here it is, and high temperature carbonization incinerator effectively can suppress the generation of dioxin, realize the foundation that junk-free burns, measured data shows that the discharge of dioxin meets national standard, can think that this is the dry-distillation incineration stove of the first-generation.
Although high temperature carbonization incinerator effectively can suppress the generation of dioxin, what adopt is the structure of horizontal tunnel stove, definitely can't eliminate the generation of dioxin, and still have exhaust gas emission.Accordingly, we have invented again rubbish destructive distillation-vapourizing furnace, allow the carbide that to reburn after the first destructive distillation of rubbish, obtain the positively effect stopped dioxin and produce further, the data of actual measurement show, the discharge of dioxin is lower than the standard of European Union, and the carbide that reburns after confirming the first destructive distillation of rubbish can be stopped dioxin and produce, not only theory be correct, practice be also confirmed, this destructive distillation-vapourizing furnace can think the rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove of the s-generation.
The progress of technology can not be just perfect once, although s-generation rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove can stop the generation of dioxin, still there is many defects in Structure and energy process, such as efficiency of combustion be low, burn uncontrollable, sealing imperfection, structure is still needed and is simplified and improve etc.
The purpose of this utility model is just the experience summing up generation in past two dry-distillation incineration stove, in conjunction with defect and the terms of settlement of the incinerator of in-depth analysis main flow, the structure of transformation incinerator and burning process, overcome the defect of incinerator in the past, the vertical structure that a kind of first-generation dry-distillation incineration stove does not possess is provided, adopt the negative-pressure firing mode not available for s-generation destructive distillation-vapourizing furnace, layering is burned and the structure that automatically pokes fire, particularly pass by the temperature of combustion closed-loop automatic control that incinerator cannot realize, employing can the knockdown vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove of unit combination, third generation rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove can be thought.
Utility model content
The utility model is based on summing up the experience of generation in past two dry-distillation incineration stove and analysing in depth on the defect of main flow incinerator and the basis of terms of settlement, the unreasonable structure of modification of original grate furnace garbage horizontal cloth is become the vertical burning furnace structure vertically arranged, but be full of burner hearth with past vertical incinerator unlike stove interior rubbish, and two-layer fire bars is set in incineration firing district, combustion zone is divided into burning zone, afterflame section and after-flame and lime-ash section, so, burner hearth inside forms the dryer section of rubbish from top to bottom, retort section, reduction section, burning zone, afterflame section, the new texture of after-flame and lime-ash section, and adopt negative-pressure firing mode, namely adopt vacuum fan suction mixed gas to carry out recycling, air or oxygen-rich air are drawn into burning zone, afterflame section, after-flame and the section of slagging tap complete for carbide after-flame as vaporized chemical simultaneously, and burner hearth is divided into 3-8 subregion by planimetric position, and the state of combustion of each subregion carbide is controlled automatically by temperature of combustion closed loop automatic control system, ensure flameholding.
This new vertical-type garbage incinerator structure, the airtight condition just in time meeting the isolated air of rubbish destructive distillation needs of rubbish, heat is produced by the burning of below carbide, rubbish occurs with regard to destructive distillation, decomposition, organic substance decomposing in rubbish is low molecule alkanes dry distillation gas and carbide, does not produce oxidizing reaction and would not produce dioxin; Carbide drops to below stove and burns, does not have chlorine to burn and also can not produce dioxin, and the waste incineration novel process of the carbide that reburns after realizing the first destructive distillation of rubbish, does not produce dioxin; Meanwhile, the carbide that the heat direct heating reduction section that the burning of burning zone carbide produces also does not burn, makes its state that reaches a high temperature, and the carbide of high temperature is the CO of burning generation
2reduction, generate CO, i.e. gasification gas, gasification gas to be risen Collection utilization by fuel chamber, the heating of below reduction section pyrocarbon compound is subject on the one hand at retort section rubbish, be subject to the radiation heating of bottom fuel chamber gasification gas around on the other hand, just there is destructive distillation, decomposition reaction, generate dry distillation gas and enter bottom fuel chamber, rise together with gasification gas, in dryer section, rubbish is dried, then from furnace roof Collection utilization, reburn after guaranteeing to realize the first destructive distillation of rubbish carbide residue and the CO that carbide residual burning produces
2be reduced to the technological process of CO, namely realize the CO that rubbish does not directly burn, do not produce dioxin and burning generation
2be reduced into CO, i.e. the great innovation of gasification gas.
In order to realize maximizing, the vertical garbage negative pressure dry-distillation incineration standard cell stove of Proper Design cube form, by the combination of standard cell stove, form large-scale rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove.
The technical scheme in the invention for solving the technical problem is:
The technical scheme of the utility model technical solution problem is horizontally disposed for grate furnace stove pre-heating drying section, burning zone, the structure of after-flame section and the section of slagging tap is changed to vertically arranges formation vertical incinerator, but be full of burner hearth with past vertical incinerator unlike stove interior rubbish, and two-layer fire bars is set in incineration firing district, combustion zone is divided into burning zone, afterflame section and after-flame and lime-ash section, so, burner hearth inside from top to bottom, form dryer section, retort section, reduction section, burning zone, afterflame section, after-flame and the section of slagging tap, for the ease of unit combination from now on, stove burner hearth adopts rectangular cross-sectional, i.e. the furnace binding of the rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove standard cell that formation one is cube shaped, combustion zone arranges two-layer fire bars, object improves the ventilation property of carbide, expand combustion range, the Thorough combustion of strengthening carbide, improve efficiency of combustion, and the particular design by fire bars: the spacing of upper fire bars is wide, the spacing of lower fire bars is narrow, after carbide burning above upper fire bars, volume-diminished just automatically drops to afterflame section on lower fire bars and burns away, the volume later that burns reduces the after-flame just dropped to below again and burns away until after-flame with the section of slagging tap, and realizes the function automatically poked fire, and makes carbide reach Thorough combustion and the object of complete after-flame, stacked airtight at retort section rubbish, just and air exclusion, carbide burning in below produces high temperature, and the carbide of direct heating reduction section, makes the reductive agent that the carbide of reduction section high temperature becomes good on the one hand, the CO that burning produces
2with the reduction of arrival reduction section water vapor, generate CO and CO+H respectively
2also heat the rubbish of retort section simultaneously, gasification gas is risen by the fuel chamber around rubbish on the other hand, the temperature of 600-900 DEG C is approximately also had in retort section, the mode being enough to logical hot overshoot heats to the rubbish of retort section, make rubbish destructive distillation, decomposition, this is that rubbish, carbide are airtight, can not utilize gasification gas rising direct heating and have to take the measure of radiation heating, the inwall of retort section bottom fuel chamber has gap, along with the destructive distillation of rubbish, the dry distillation gas produced also enters fuel chamber, form mixed gas, temperature slightly declines, but the macromolecular substance such as the tar in dry distillation gas, phenol enter bottom fuel chamber, cracking is produced under the environment of bottom fuel chamber high temperature, also micromolecular combustion gas is generated, temperature when arriving dryer section also has 300-600 DEG C, still there is radiation heating ability, be enough to make drying garbage, so just form the complete heating arrangement of incinerator,
In stove, the situation of incineration firing is controlled by a set of temperature of combustion closed loop automatic control system, for this stove is divided into 3-8 subregion by planimetric position, if a certain subregion incineration firing temperature is inadequate, just supplement air or oxygen-rich air by auxiliary tonifying Qi/moisturizing passage, add the burning of strong carbide, improve temperature of combustion; When the temperature of carbide burning is too high, just supplemented the water vapor (obtaining from epimere gas) of drying garbage generation by auxiliary tonifying Qi/moisturizing passage, water vapor absorbed heat before this, cooling, was then reduced by the carbide of high temperature at reduction section, generated H
2with CO (being thermo-negative reaction), reduce temperature of combustion further, keep trouble-free burning, improve the calorific value of combustion gas on the other hand, realize pioneering stove combustion temperature closed loop and automatically control.
In order to reduce the flue dust in combustion gas, adopt gas blower air blast mode (i.e. pressure combustion) to change into past incinerator and adopt vacuum fan exhausting (i.e. negative-pressure firing) mode, while vacuum fan suction mixed gas, air or oxygen-rich air are drawn into burning zone, afterflame section, after-flame and the section of slagging tap complete for carbide after-flame as vaporized chemical, finally slag are released outside stove.Because adopt the negative-pressure firing mode of exhausting, be all in micro-vacuum state at the slag notch of garbage inlet and lime-ash, in stove, stove external pressure is in a basic balance, without the need to taking seal approach, can open to the outside world and can not produce leakage.
The water vapor that drying garbage produces is by the place of fuel chamber's radiator element bent angle, rubbish filling is discontented forms gap, it is the special exhaust passage for discharging water vapor particular design, water vapor rises to furnace roof smoothly, (the same with formation haze weather with the dedusting agent of mixed gas as the vaporized chemical of regulation and control stove temperature of combustion, water vapor wraps the flue dust of mixed gas, is sent in water by vacuum fan) use.
The processing power not pursuing a unit stove is in design very large, and excessive heating is not saturating, uneven, and each standard cell is the design of 50-100 ton by daily handling ability, when needing greater processing ability, adopts unit combination to get up; Need little, reduce the size of unit, just realize day process in 10-1000 ton and above ability, meet the needs of all situations.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the Structure and energy flow process of vertical garbage negative pressure incinerator of the present invention is adopted, the later coal compound compound again of the first destructive distillation of rubbish just can stop the generation of dioxin, overcome over and it is believed that waste incineration just inevitably produces the technology prejudice of dioxin, waste incineration will not form the threat healthy to the masses around, thus obtain the support of broad masses.
2, because adopt the Structure and energy flow process of vertical garbage negative pressure incinerator of the present utility model, dioxin can not be produced, therefore, even if consumer waste incineration has flying dust to produce, also be harmless, again through pyroprocessing, can be used for paving the way, making building materials etc., the flying dust problem that thorough solution waste incineration produces, disposes way without the need to the flying dust seeking to be full of dioxin.
3, because adopt the Structure and energy flow process of vertical garbage negative pressure incinerator of the present utility model, dioxin can not be produced, therefore the reconnaissance of garbage burning factory does not have problems, and even can build urban district or transfer point in, can reduce the expense of a large amount of refuse collections; And composting is without the need to classification, directly can enters stove and burn, without the need to categorised collection, classification transport, classification process, save a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources further.
4, adopt the Structure and energy flow process of vertical garbage negative pressure incinerator of the present utility model, consumer waste incineration does not have exhaust gas emission, not to the pollution of air, does not have CO yet
2the discharge of greenhouse gases, does not have smokestack, can not become the target that the masses oppose waste incineration.
5, the Structure and energy flow process of vertical garbage negative pressure incinerator of the present utility model is adopted, the resource of containing in rubbish is obtained utilizing the most fully, use even the water vapor of drying rubbish generation is also used as vaporized chemical, the heat of drying garbage consumption is recycled; Even the CO that burning produces
2also be reduced into gasification gas to be used, garbage as resource is the most perfect.Such as generating, if the words that the efficiency of the efficiency ratio past garbage incineration power generation of garbage gas utilization doubles, 45% (band IGCC) can be reached by the efficiency of gas turbine power generation, the efficiency (being no more than 20%) that steam turbine can only be adopted to generate electricity than garbage incineration power generation doubles again, add employing oxygen-enriched combusting, efficiency can improve 50% again, so overall generating efficiency just can improve 6 times, garbage burning factory just can be assumed sole responsibility for its profits or losses, without the need to adding coal power generation again.
6, the Structure and energy flow process of vertical garbage negative pressure incinerator of the present utility model is adopted, the temperature closed loop of original creation burning controls automatically, combustion case in stove is in completely can state of a control, overcomes rubbish in the past and directly burns uneven, the non-burn-through defect of burning.
7, adopt vertical garbage negative pressure incinerator structure of the present utility model simple, rubbish vertical stacking, is full of burner hearth, saves floor space; Stove can be banked up a fire, and rubbish, without the need to storing, can be produced day daily clear, not produce percolate, without the need to percolate process; Rubbish without putrefaction, does not produce foul smell, without the need to Odor control, does not cause bad impact to environment, even garbage burning factory is built on landfill yard, poor garbage is dug out process gradually, realize the recovery of landfill yard ecology.
8, energy-saving and emission-reduction are remarkable especially, can carry out carbon transaction.Past garbage loading embeading, produces a large amount of greenhouse gases, mainly methane, and its Greenhouse effect compare CO
2also strong 21 times.The whole world is in order to tackle climate warming, and United Nations repeatedly holds energy-saving and emission-reduction meeting.Domestic refuse destructive distillation-vapourizing furnace treating refuse, avoids the discharge of methane completely; Meanwhile, clean gas can replace fire coal, saves CO again
2discharge, carbon transaction (CDM) can be carried out, betray carbon index, obtain abundant additional income.
9, clean gas can have multiple application.The recycling of grate furnace waste incineration can only pass through cogeneration recovery part waste heat, and the utility model is converted to clean gas domestic refuse, directly can supply domestic gas, or provide Industrial Boiler.Use; Also can be used for fuel gas generation, higher than the efficiency of waste incineration and generating electricity; More can be used for baking bricks, can also synthetic be carried out.
10, adopt negative-pressure firing technology opening for feed and slag notch all without the need to sealed structure, can not stink from leakage be produced, and realize maximizing by unit combinationization, meet the demand of big city needs large scale rubbish process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the structural representation of the vertical daily garbage negative pressure standard incinerator unit of single burner hearth;
Figure 1B is the sectional view (MM analyses and observe) of the vertical daily garbage negative pressure standard incinerator unit dryer section of single burner hearth.
Fig. 1 C is the sectional view (NN analyses and observe) of the vertical daily garbage negative pressure standard incinerator unit retort section of single burner hearth, and display is divided into 4 subregions incinerator, carries out the schematic diagram firing temperature of combustion closed-loop control.
Fig. 2 A is the structural representation of the vertical daily garbage negative pressure standard incinerator unit with twin furnace; Fig. 2 B is the sectional view (AA analyses and observe) of the vertical daily garbage negative pressure standard incinerator unit retort section with twin furnace, and corresponding incinerator is divided into 6 subregions, carries out the schematic diagram firing temperature of combustion closed-loop control.
Fig. 3 is combined by vertical daily garbage negative pressure incinerator standard cell (twin furnace), forms the floor plan schematic diagram that large-scale domestic refuse does negative pressure incinerator;
In figure: 1---front air (oxygen-rich air) inlet plenum, 2---front fire door, 3---lower fire bars, 4---tonifying Qi (air or oxygen-rich air)/moisturizing (steam) induction trunk, 5---upper fire bars, 6---multiple temperature detecting point of temperature of combustion closed-loop control, 7---be in the bottom fuel chamber of retort section, 7-I---bottom fuel chamber first subregion, 7-II---bottom fuel chamber second subregion, 7-III---bottom fuel chamber the 3rd subregion, 7-IV---bottom fuel chamber the 4th subregion, 7-V---bottom fuel chamber the 5th subregion, 7-VI---bottom fuel chamber the 6th subregion, 8---the thermofin of stove surrounding, 9---be in the top fuel chamber of dryer section, 10---dryer section is for improving the heating panel conducting heat and improve water vapor and discharge, 11---collect the effuser of mixed gas, 12---pusher hydro-cylinder, 13---garbage inlet, 14---feed throat, 15---holding pad, 16---binder hydro-cylinder, 17---dead level, 18---epimere gas (water vapor) exports, 19---the air outlet of mixed gas, 20---vacuum fan or Pneumatic suction fan, 21---incinerator shell, 22---dryer section, 23---retort section, 24---reduction section, 25---burning zone, 26---afterflame section, 27---after-flame and lime-ash section, 28---rear fire door, 29---rear air (oxygen-rich air) inlet plenum, 30---ash shoot, 31---middle lower portion fuel chamber, 32---intermediate radiator plate, 33---drapery panel, 34---middle upper portion fuel chamber, 35---manhole, 36---epimere gas effuser, 37---vacuum fan or Pneumatic suction fan, I---first incinerator standard cell, II---second incinerator standard cell, III---the 3rd incinerator standard cell, IV---the 4th incinerator standard cell, N---N number of incinerator standard cell.
Specific embodiment
According to Figure 1A, novel vertical negative-pressure incinerator adopts cube and Open architecture, but be jealous of interrupted charging to be full of burner hearth and continuously feeding unlike rubbish with past vertical burning, two-layer fire bars (5) and (3) are set in combustion zone, combustion zone is divided into burning zone (25), afterflame section (26) and after-flame and lime-ash section (27), so burner hearth inside forms dryer section (22) from top to bottom, retort section (23), reduction section (24), burning zone (25), the new texture of afterflame section (26) and after-flame and lime-ash section (27), dryer section (22), retort section (23) are all full of rubbish, and reduction section (24) is still unburned pyrocarbon compound after rubbish destructive distillation, and burning zone (25) is then the carbide burnt.Because carbide is through, destructive distillation produces later, moisture-free and flammable good, just can Thorough combustion, this just overcomes incinerator rubbish in the past and does not just directly burn through destructive distillation, flammable poor, if there is no complete drying, burn more difficult, thus the non-burn-through defect of rubbish is caused, afterflame section (26) is the carbide burnt fallen down from upper fire bars (5), after-flame and lime-ash section (27) are that the aphlogistic lime-ash fallen down from lower fire bars (3) continues after-flame with remaining carbide, the lime-ash encountering bulk can not drop to after-flame and lime-ash section (27), the Hui Zha Hook of firedoor handle bulk can be opened out, in the design requirements of fire bars, the spacing of fire bars (5) is greater than lower fire bars (3), after the carbide burning of burning, volume minimizing burns away with regard to automatically dropping to next section, the carbide above fire bars is made to occur space, the carbide of its inside is just exposed out to burn away, form the function of unique " automatically poking fire ", expand the height of combustion zone, improve the efficiency of burning, extend the time of carbide burning, make carbide be able to thorough after-flame.Two walls of combustion chamber (7) and (9), heating panel (10) and effuser (11) adopt stainless heat-resisting steel material, guarantee the high temperature and the non-corrosive that standing burning generation, the inwall of lower combustion chamber (7) has slit, dry distillation gas can be allowed to enter lower combustion chamber (7), mix platform with gasification gas and become mixed platform coal gas, fuel chamber (7) and be thermofin (8) between (9) and shell (21), fills the lagging material with good heat-proof quality (low 1 order of magnitude of the refractory materials that thermal conductivity ratio is general).
In order to realize the control of state of combustion, according to circumstances the bottom fuel chamber (7) of stove is divided into 4-8 subregion (referring to Fig. 1 C and Fig. 2 B), Fig. 1 C is divided into 4 subregions (7-I), (7-II), (7-III) with (7-IV), the temperature of bottom fuel chamber (7) is detected according to temperature detecting point (6), namely represent the state of combustion of respective partition, automatically controlled by temperature of combustion closed loop automatic control system, when a certain subregion carbide temperature of combustion is inadequate, then supplement air or oxygen-rich air by auxiliary tonifying Qi/moisturizing passage (4), add the burning of strong carbide, maintenance temperature of combustion is constant, if when a certain subregion carbide temperature of combustion is too high, the water vapor (obtaining from epimere gas) of drying garbage generation is just supplemented by auxiliary tonifying Qi/moisturizing passage (4), reduce temperature of combustion, then water vapor is reduced by the carbide of high temperature at reduction section (24), generates H
2with CO (thermo-negative reaction), reduce temperature of combustion further, maintain trouble-free burning temperature, generate H on the other hand
2the calorific value of combustion gas can be improved.
Noncombustibles in rubbish, discharges out of the furnace after after-flame and lime-ash section (27) shift clinker groove (30) onto.The design of this structure closely, simplifies greatly than the incinerator in past, but has more reasonableness, superiority (such as automatically poke fire and the closed-loop automatic control that burns and the expansion of combustion zone, the raising of efficiency) than incinerator in the past.
The incineration process flow of novel vertical negative-pressure incinerator is: rubbish from furnace roof except dog-house (13) drop into after, feed throat position is pushed into by pusher hydro-cylinder (12), originally the rubbish of feed throat is just pushed in stove, feed throat is full of rubbish and plays in stove and buffer action outside stove, because adopt negative-pressure firing mode, in stove, dead level (17) is in micro-vacuum state, and stove is interior, the close balance of stove external pressure, does not just produce coal gas, stink from leakage, plastics in rubbish are heated after stove and may harden together, rubbish can not be fallen, namely " expecting stagnant " phenomenon is produced, furnace roof is provided with binder hydro-cylinder (16) and drives holding pad (15) to press down, ensure that rubbish declines and normally drying smoothly, destructive distillation and carbide burning, the water vapor that drying garbage produces rises from the gap of rubbish between the heating panel (10) of surrounding and arrives dead level (17) and form epimere gas, main component is water vapor, the vaporized chemical burnt as carbide by epimere gas outlet (18) and temperature of combustion automatic control system assist make up water steam to use, gasification gas and dry distillation gas composition mixed gas, rise from fuel chamber (7 and 9), be pooled to the mixed gas effuser (11) of furnace roof, export from mixed gas air outlet (19), generating or other application are provided, the remaining water vapor of epimere gas and mixed gas converge, dust in coal gas is wrapped, got rid of in people's water by the vacuum fan from mixed gas air outlet (19), wet dedusting as mixed gas uses.Because the result of carbide burning, the nitrogen in air remains in mixed gas, containing a large amount of nitrogen in mixed gas, so calorific value is not high.In order to improve the calorific value of mixed gas, oxygen-rich air can be adopted as ignition dope, if oxygen level in air is brought up to 30% from 21%, first, will the ignition temperature of fuel be reduced, accelerate the combustionvelocity of fuel, promoting the perfect combustion of fuel; Secondly, improve flame temperature, improve flame intensity, increase release of heat; 3rd, because the add-on reducing air just decreases N
2the residual content of gas, improves the calorific value of combustion gas; 4th, the raising of temperature of combustion must increase water vapor to maintain the stable of temperature of combustion, and the calorific value improving again air mixture further (reduces N
2gas and increase H
2); 5th, carbide Thorough combustion and increase H
2content just increases total thermal value of mixed gas, can multiple electricity.
Vertical negative-pressure incinerator of the present utility model also has a feature, be exactly owing to adopting vertical structure, burner hearth stores a large amount of rubbish, only otherwise bleed, the burning of carbide slowly, just enter " banking " state, more than 3 days can be held continuously, this just allows rubbish daily output day clear, without the need to storing rubbish, save material pit and odor treatment, percolate process, if garbage burning factory is built on landfill yard, after refuse treatment on the same day, can process and dig out from landfill yard the poor garbage come, progressively the refuse treatment of landfill yard is fallen, recover the ecotope that landfill yard is original.
Fig. 2 A is a kind of examples of implementation of twin furnace incinerator standard cell.Its basic structure is the same with the Structure and energy process of Figure 1A substantially, just on original basis, increase a burner hearth, and the feeding structure of furnace roof is also slightly changed: be distributed in front furnace or rear hearth with the rubbish that piece of cloth flitch (33) controls to enter from feed throat (14), as the position of drapery panel in figure, rubbish is distributed in rear hearth, drapery panel vertically gets up, rubbish is just distributed in front furnace, compare with two cover feed systems before and after employing, save a set of feeding system, also comprise corresponding place where the garage is piled up etc.
Because be increased to two burner hearths, so too increase the middle fuel chamber (bottom 31 and top 33) separating two burner hearths, and in order to realize temperature of combustion closed-loop automatic control, referring to Fig. 2 B, bottom fuel chamber (7) is divided into 6 subregions (7-I), (7-II), (7-III), (7-IV), (7-V) and (7-VI), temperature detecting point is also increased to 6 points, should have 6 tonifying Qi/moisturizing induction trunk mutually.
Two burner hearths are adopted just to make processing power double, if the small incinerator needing day process to be less than 50 tons adopts the incinerator of single burner hearth naturally, the daily handling ability of single burner hearth incinerator standard cell is 50 tons, the daily handling ability of twin furnace incinerator standard cell just reaches 100 tons, needs to be combined into large-scale incinerator and certainly adopts twin furnace incinerator standard cell to combine.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the floor plan of the examples of implementation exactly N number of incinerator standard cell combined, according to Fig. 3, if each incinerator standard cell daily handling ability is 100 tons, N number of standard destructive distillation processing unit daily handling ability that combines just can be reached N × 100 ton.As long as namely 5 standard destructive distillation processing units combine the large-scale incinerator that just can realize processing day 500 tons; The large-scale incinerator that just can realize processing day 1000 tons as long as 10 standard destructive distillation processing units combine.If need more small-sized incinerator, then suitably reduce the size of incinerator, realize the different scales of daily handling ability from 10-1000 ton of incinerator, because the scale of incinerator is larger, the transportation cost transporting rubbish will be multiplied, past is because You dioxin produces, the reconnaissance of garbage burning factory is difficult especially, the scale requirements of haveing no alternative but waste incineration field is increasing,, do not produce dioxin now, just there is not reconnaissance problem, destructor plant, without the need to too large, is generally advisable processing less than 500 tons day.
Industrial applicibility
The utility model is not only applicable to treating refuse, also be applicable to the stalk of process farm crop simultaneously, the tree deciduous leaf in city autumn, the Castoff material energizing of forest utilizes, and landfill yard poor garbage utilizes, realize the ecological recovery of landfill yard, and even can develop and administer Pacific Ocean rubbish macroplate, special process ship can be utilized, corresponding equipment is installed above, the rubbish of Pacific Ocean rubbish macroplate (being all combustiblematerials substantially) is carried out gas retort-gasification, then combustion gas is carried out freezing, compression, purify, liquefaction, again the fuel of liquefaction is transported back continent to utilize, realize crossing the improvement depolluted.
Claims (10)
1. one kind does not produce the vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove of dioxin and non-exhaust emission, its technical characteristic is: adopt vertical-type garbage incinerator structure, but be full of burner hearth with past vertical incinerator unlike rubbish, arrange two-layer fire bars (5) and (3) in combustion zone, burner hearth inside forms the new texture of dryer section (22), retort section (23), reduction section (24), burning zone (25), afterflame section (26) and after-flame and lime-ash section (27) from top to bottom; And adopt negative-pressure firing mode, namely while carrying out utilizing with vacuum fan suction mixed gas, suction air or oxygen-rich air are as vaporized chemical, enter burning zone (25), afterflame section (26) and after-flame and the section of slagging tap (27), complete for carbide after-flame; Stove is divided into 4-8 subregion (7-I), (7-II), (7-III) and (7-IV) etc., with a set of temperature of combustion closed loop automatic control system control combustion temperature-stable by horizontal plane; Incinerator is designed to cube body of heater, forms standard incinerator unit, can be arbitrarily made with large-scale incinerator as required.
2. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: adopt new vertical burning furnace structure, rubbish originally airtight, bad burning just in time meets the condition of the isolated air of rubbish destructive distillation needs, heat is produced by the burning of below carbide, just there is destructive distillation, decomposition in rubbish, organic substance decomposing is wherein dry distillation gas and the carbide of low molecule alkanes, does not produce oxidizing reaction and just not produces dioxin; Carbide drops to below stove and burns, does not have chlorine also not produce dioxin, and the waste incineration novel process of the carbide that reburns after realizing the first destructive distillation of rubbish, stops the generation of dioxin.
3. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: arrange two-layer fire bars (5) and (3) in combustion zone, combustion zone is divided into burning zone (25), afterflame section (26) and after-flame and lime-ash section (27), expand the height in incineration firing district, improve garbage treatment efficiency, and the particular design by fire bars: the spacing of upper fire bars (5) is wide, the spacing of lower fire bars (3) is narrow, after the carbide burning of upper fire bars (5) top, under volume-diminished just drops to afterflame section (26) automatically, fire bars (3) burns away above, below the volume later that burns reduces and just drops to, after-flame and the section of slagging tap (27) burn away, until after-flame, realize the function automatically poked fire.
4. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: the carbide of the heat direct heating reduction section (24) that the burning of burning zone (25) carbide produces, make its state that reaches a high temperature, carbide under the condition of high temperature is good reductive agent, the CO2 reduction that carbide burning produces is generated CO (i.e. gasification gas), gasification gas is by fuel chamber (7) and (9), rise and arrive retort section, utilize the hyperthermia radiation heating of the heating of reduction section (24) pyrocarbon compound and bottom fuel chamber (7), just there is destructive distillation in the organism in rubbish, decompose, generate dry distillation gas and enter bottom fuel chamber (7) from the slit of bottom fuel chamber (7) inwall, mix with gasification gas and continue to rise, arrive dryer section drying garbage.
5. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: adopt negative-pressure firing, vaporized chemical is not through ash bed, a large amount of flying dusts would not be blown afloat, airborne dust in mixed gas is reduced greatly, simultaneously, dry distillation gas is extracted into bottom fuel chamber, utilize the tar that the high temperature of bottom fuel chamber makes in dry distillation gas, the macromolecular substance cracking such as phenol, avoid tar, the pollution of phenol etc., negative-pressure firing mode also makes the slag notch of garbage inlet and lime-ash all be in micro-vacuum state, in stove, stove external pressure is in a basic balance, without the need to taking seal approach, can open to the outside world and leakage can not be produced, particularly be able to easily slag be released outside stove.
6. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: adopt temperature of combustion closed loop automatic control system to carry out closed-loop control to temperature of combustion, when a certain subregion incineration firing temperature is inadequate, just supplement air or oxygen-rich air by auxiliary tonifying Qi/moisturizing passage (4), add the burning of strong carbide, maintain temperature of combustion constant; If when a certain subregion incineration firing temperature is too high, the water vapor (obtaining from epimere gas) of drying garbage generation is just supplemented by auxiliary tonifying Qi/moisturizing passage (4), reduce temperature of combustion, then water vapor is reduced by the carbide of high temperature at reduction section (24), generates H
2with CO (thermo-negative reaction), reduce temperature of combustion further, maintain normal state of combustion, generate H
2the calorific value of combustion gas can also be improved.
7. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: the water vapor that drying garbage produces is used as the vaporized chemical of carbide burning, the heat that abundant recovery drying garbage consumes, without the need to special drum, both save heat, improve the utilising efficiency of heat energy, simplify again the structure of stove, particularly be applicable to being combined into large-scale rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove, remaining water vapor and mixed gas converge, flue dust is wherein wrapped and forms " haze ", brought in water by vacuum fan suction, use as dedusting agent.
8. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: can easily adopt oxygen-rich air as ignition dope, make carbide Thorough combustion, improve temperature of combustion, increase the feed rate of water vapor, reduce the feed rate of air, improve calorific value and the total calorific value of combustion gas.
9. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: for the ease of unit combination from now on, stove burner hearth adopts rectangular cross-sectional, the just furnace binding of the rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove standard cell that formation one is cube shaped, be beneficial to standardized production, and according to the different flexible combination of processing power, the needs of different treatment ability can be met.
10. vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove according to claim 1, its technical characteristic is: the processing power not pursuing a unit stove is in design very large, processing power is excessive certainly will strengthen body of heater size, cause heating uneven, easy heating does not thoroughly produce rubbish and directly burns, to such an extent as to produces dioxin.So each standard cell is the design of 50-100 ton by daily handling ability, when needing greater processing ability, unit combination is adopted to get up; Need to reduce the size that processing power then reduces unit, just realize day process in 10-1000 ton and above ability, meet the needs of all situations.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104140851A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-12 | 余式正 | Vertical negative-pressure garbage destructive-distillation incinerator without emission of dioxin or waste gas |
| CN105542805A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-04 | 广西高远环境工程有限公司 | Vertical-horizontal type gas making apparatus and process with integrated three segments containing destructive distillation, gasification and decomposition for household refuse |
| CN108224440A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-06-29 | 浙江新三友环保工程技术有限公司 | A kind of closed upright garbage incinerating kiln |
| CN108302543A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-07-20 | 浙江新三友环保工程技术有限公司 | A kind of closed upright garbage incinerating system |
| CN111826201A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-27 | 山东大学 | Process, system and application for flash pyrolysis gasification and tar removal of biomass |
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2014
- 2014-08-12 CN CN201420451889.0U patent/CN204022767U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104140851A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-12 | 余式正 | Vertical negative-pressure garbage destructive-distillation incinerator without emission of dioxin or waste gas |
| CN104140851B (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2017-10-31 | 余式正 | It is a kind of Wu bioxin and the vertical negative-pressure rubbish dry-distillation incineration stove of non-exhaust emission |
| CN105542805A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-04 | 广西高远环境工程有限公司 | Vertical-horizontal type gas making apparatus and process with integrated three segments containing destructive distillation, gasification and decomposition for household refuse |
| CN105542805B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2018-05-25 | 广西高远环境工程有限公司 | House refuse vertical and horizontal destructive gasifying cracks three sections of device and process for integrating gas processed |
| CN108224440A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-06-29 | 浙江新三友环保工程技术有限公司 | A kind of closed upright garbage incinerating kiln |
| CN108302543A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-07-20 | 浙江新三友环保工程技术有限公司 | A kind of closed upright garbage incinerating system |
| CN111826201A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-27 | 山东大学 | Process, system and application for flash pyrolysis gasification and tar removal of biomass |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
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