CN203798525U - Crash dummy neck structure reflecting force characteristics of human neck - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a crash dummy neck structure reflecting force characteristics of a human neck, consisting of a muscle fixing module and a muscle module. The muscle fixing module consists of upper neck rings, lower neck rings and shoulder rings; the upper neck rings are connected to a basic dummy upper neck part, the lower neck rings are connected to a basic dummy lower neck part, and the shoulder rings are connected to a basic dummy shoulder part; the muscle module consists of springs with various elasticity coefficients and comprises two sternocleidomastoid springs, two splenius capitis muscle springs and two trapezius springs; the two ends of the sternocleidomastoid springs are connected to the upper neck rings and the lower neck rings; the two ends of the splenius capitis muscle springs are connected to the upper neck rings and the lower neck rings; and the two ends of the trapezius springs are connected to the shoulder rings and the lower neck rings. The crash dummy neck structure reflecting the force characteristics of the human neck is used for crashing the dummy neck and effectively reflecting the effects of the neck muscles on the head and the neck, and the crash dummy neck has a high level of biosimulation.

Description

The crash dummy neck structure of reflection neck mechanical characteristic

Technical field

The utility model relates to crash dummy neck structure and the method for designing of reflection neck mechanical characteristic, belongs to automotive crash safety field.

Background technology

Be accompanied by the high speed development of auto industry, vehicle safety is increasingly important at the aspect of performance of evaluating automobile, and especially automotive occupant collision safety resist technology, becomes the product core competition technology of domestic and international automobile market and the emphasis of research especially.But existing automobile still has deficiency to passenger protecting performance, as described the true mankind fracture, muscle damage, Brain injuries etc. in traffic hazard.And due to the kinetic characteristic that cannot reappear real human body and affected by muscle, often there will be collision safety performance is higher under existing collision code automobile in true traffic hazard, can not protect well driver's situation.The dummy that this and the design of automotive occupant collision safety performance are used cannot truly be reflected what the mechanical characteristic of human body caused.

At present, recognize in the world mechanical characteristic impact with damage with occupant's motion of muscle in collision process, and set up the multiple digitizing dummy model with muscle, due to the material properties difference of the sign muscle using, the effect of these digitizing dummy models in collision simulation analysis is not quite similar, and do not form a unified standard.Although the structure of these digitizing dummy models and real human body structure are quite similar, can not reappear well the kinetic characteristic in the collision process of real human body, thereby still in the exploratory stage.

Since last century the eighties, chassis or full scale vehicle collision that international automobile engineering field adopts dummy's (as adopted the Hybrid III type dummy of metal and plastic or other material) to carry out traffic hazard are mostly tested, and by testing acceleration or displacement or the stressed automobile passenger degree of injury of evaluating in the each position of dummy.Mostly this dummy is the static human model of setting up from biomedical angle, lacks the expression of the mechanical characteristic to muscle in collision process.Especially to the larger head of damage influence and neck movement, be subject to the impact of musculi colli larger, but in existing dummy, cannot reappear this mechanical characteristic.Simultaneously, in order to manufacture and the facility of installing, existing dummy neck structure and real human body have larger difference: real human body neck is to have multiple cervical vertebras to combine, can move flexibly, dummy neck is by aluminium dish and the alternately overlap joint column structure that forms of rubber disc, and dummy's neck movement is subject to certain restrictions.The difference that this designs simplification forms makes the existing design based on dummy cannot motion and the damage of accurate description real human body in actual traffic accident.

Summary of the invention

The above problem existing in order to solve prior art; the utility model provides a kind of crash dummy neck structure and method for designing that reflects neck mechanical characteristic; on existing dummy basis; integrative medicine, biomechanics and engineering demand; from the angle of safety of vehicle passengers protection; take into full account the impact of neck mechanical characteristic on neck movement in collision process; design has the muscularity spring of mechanics of muscle characteristic; and design corresponding muscle fixed sturcture; improve the biosimulation of dummy model, and then improve the collision safety performance of automobile.

Fundamental purpose of the present utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic is provided, it is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, wherein, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy, and shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprise two nutator springs, two musculi splenius capitis springs, two cucullaris springs, nutator both ends of the spring connects respectively neck ring and lower neck ring, musculi splenius capitis both ends of the spring connects respectively neck ring and lower neck ring, and cucullaris both ends of the spring connects respectively shoulder ring and lower neck ring.

The improvement project of a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic providing as the utility model, described upper neck ring specifically comprises neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side, on left side, neck ring 2a is semicircular ring, two overhanging beams of semicircular ring arranged outside, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, and the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connector splenius spring and nutator spring; On left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, neck ring 2b is mirror image, neck ring 2a and relative being fixedly connected with of neck ring 2b circular arc on right side on left side.

The improvement project of a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic providing as the utility model, described lower neck ring specifically comprises neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 under forward direction, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is semicircular ring with backward lower neck ring 6, two overhanging beams of neck ring 8 arranged outside under forward direction, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, each through hole is used for connecting a nutator spring, four overhanging beams of backward lower neck ring 6 arranged outside, the end of four overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, four through holes are respectively used to connect two cucullaris springs and two musculi splenius capitis springs, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is mirror image with backward lower neck ring 6, neck ring 8 and relative being fixedly connected with of backward lower neck ring 6 circular arcs under forward direction.

The improvement project of a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic providing as the utility model, described shoulder ring specifically comprises left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b, and left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b are right angle beam and left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b symmetry and are arranged on dummy's shoulder both sides; The end of the upper beam of described left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is equipped with through hole, and each through hole is used for connecting a cucullaris spring; Left shoulder ring 5a is all connected with basic dummy's shoulder with the underbeam of right shoulder ring 5b.

The improvement project of a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic providing as the utility model, described upper neck ring circular arc inner side is equipped with mounting groove, the upper neck boss interference fit of mounting groove and basic dummy; Described lower neck ring circular arc inner side is provided with mounting groove, neck boss interference fit under mounting groove and basic dummy; The width of the mounting groove of upper neck ring circular arc inner side is greater than the width of the mounting groove of lower neck ring circular arc inner side.

The improvement project of a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic providing as the utility model, described nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring are tension type spring; Nutator spring specifically comprises symmetrical left side nutator spring 7a and the right side nutator spring 7b installing, and left side nutator spring 7a is connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively with nutator spring 7b two ends, right side; Musculi splenius capitis specifically comprises symmetrical left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a and the right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b installing, and left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a is connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively with musculi splenius capitis spring 3b two ends, right side; Cucullaris spring specifically comprises symmetrical left side cucullaris spring 4a and the right side cucullaris spring 4b installing, and left side cucullaris spring 4a is connected lower neck ring and shoulder ring respectively with cucullaris spring 4b two ends, right side.

The utility model provides a kind of method for designing of the crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic simultaneously, crash dummy neck structure is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, in upper neck ring, be arranged with two and be provided with through hole with overhanging beam and overhanging beam end, in lower neck ring, be arranged with between two four overhanging beams and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, the spring that be respectively and characterize sternocleidomastoid spring, characterizes musculi splenius capitis, the spring that characterizes cucullaris; This method for designing comprises the following steps:

Step 1, obtain basic parameter:

Inquirer's volume data storehouse, obtains terminal position and the physiological cross-sectional area of neck nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris, and then muscle effective length between definite muscle terminal position; By rat gastrocnemius muscles stretching experiment, measure effective length, physiological cross-sectional area and the elasticity coefficient of rat gastrocnemius muscles again;

Step 2, determine muscle stuck-module agent structure: according to the size of the upper neck aluminium dish of basic dummy, lower neck aluminium dish, rubber disc, determine the size of upper neck ring, lower neck ring, in guarantee, neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, and lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy; According to the relative position of the dead-centre position of cucullaris and dummy's shoulder bolt hole, determine shoulder ring structure, shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder;

Step 3, determine muscle module elasticity coefficient: different from human muscle's physiological cross-sectional area based on rat gastrocnemius muscles, effective length is different, the elasticity coefficient of rat gastrocnemius muscles is carried out to convergent-divergent, determine respectively the elasticity coefficient of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module;

Step 4, determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam lead to the hole site: under the constant prerequisite of elasticity coefficient that ensures muscle, the muscle terminal except cucullaris stop is carried out to translation; Finally, the sternocleidomastoid stop of the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of upper neck ring after by translation, the dead-centre position of musculi splenius capitis are determined, the sternocleidomastoid starting point of the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of lower neck ring after by translation, the starting point of musculi splenius capitis, the start position of cucullaris determine, the lead to the hole site of shoulder ring upper beam is determined by cucullaris dead-centre position;

Step 5, determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam structure: according to the muscle terminal position obtaining in step 4, based on the outside surface of upper neck ring, lower neck ring, determine the out reach of overhanging beam; According to cucullaris dead-centre position, determine the out reach of shoulder ring upper beam; End at overhanging beam drills through hole.

The further improvement project of the method for designing of a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic providing as the utility model, step 1 is obtained in basic parameter, determines the muscle effective length between muscle terminal position according to following formula:

$L_i=\sqrt{{(Q_{\mathrm{ix}}-Z_{\mathrm{ix}})}^2+{(Q_{\mathrm{iy}}-Z_{\mathrm{iy}})}^2+{(Q_{\mathrm{iz}}-Z_{\mathrm{iz}})}^2}$

In formula: L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; Q _ix, Q _iy, Q _iz---muscle starting point Q _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; Z _ix, Z _iy, Z _iz---muscle stop Z _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent respectively nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris.

The further improvement project of the method for designing of a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic providing as the utility model, step 3 is determined in muscle module elasticity coefficient, determines respectively the elasticity coefficient of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module according to following formula.

$k_i=\frac{S_i\·L_i}{S_0\·L_0}\·k_0$

In formula: k ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles elasticity coefficient, unit: N/mm; S ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles effective length, unit: mm; k _i---elasticity of muscle coefficient, unit: N/mm; S _i---muscle physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent respectively nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris.

In above-mentioned method for designing, because dummy's structure is about sagittal plane symmetry, therefore in the time of design, only need consider the design of a side, the structure and parameter of opposite side can directly obtain by symmetry.

Because SID dummy is identical with Hybrid III50th type dummy structure, therefore the crash dummy neck structure of above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for this series dummy simultaneously.Because the dummies' such as Hybrid III5th, Hybrid III95th, SID IIs neck structure is similar to Hybrid III50th type dummy, therefore the crash dummy neck structure method for designing of above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for above serial dummy.

The utility model compared with prior art, has following features:

1. the crash dummy neck structure of the reaction neck mechanical characteristic that the utility model provides has the myoarchitecture similar to real human body, and the terminal of muscle is true, accurate;

2. the crash dummy neck structure of the reaction neck mechanical characteristic that the utility model provides, for different musculi collis, characterizes the elasticity coefficient difference of the spring of muscle, can reappear neck mechanical characteristic, has higher biosimulation degree;

3. the crash dummy neck structure of the reaction neck mechanical characteristic that the utility model provides is installed simple, and it is accurate, rapid that muscle connects, and effectively reduces the setup time of impact test.

The utility model reflects the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic by design, for the dummy of design reflection Whole Body mechanical characteristic steps solid step forward, the method for designing proposing, also can provide reference for the dummy of design reflection Whole Body mechanical characteristic.By these designs, we are the collsion damage degree of assay automotive occupant more exactly, and can carry out more deep discussion to its micromechanism of damage, this is the perfect of the raising of technical merit of the passive security Journal of Sex Research of China's automobile industry and the passive security performance of automobile product, the theoretical foundation of objective science is provided, also provides strong technical support by the technology commanding elevation of seizing following international automobile safety research for China.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic described in the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the front elevation of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the rear view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of neck ring on the right side of crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic described in the utility model;

Fig. 7 is the front elevation of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the vertical view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is the A view of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is the structural representation of neck ring under the forward direction of crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic described in the utility model;

Figure 11 is the front elevation of neck ring under the forward direction of crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic described in the utility model;

Figure 12 is that the B-B of Figure 11 is to view;

Figure 13 is that the C of Figure 12 is to view;

Figure 14 is the structural representation of the backward lower neck ring of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic described in the utility model;

Figure 15 is the front elevation of Figure 14;

Figure 16 is the vertical view of Figure 14;

Figure 17 is the partial view of Figure 16;

Figure 18 is that the D of Figure 16 is to view;

Figure 19 is the structural representation of the left shoulder ring of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic described in the utility model;

Figure 20 is the front elevation of Figure 19;

Figure 21 is the left view of Figure 19;

Figure 22 is the vertical view of Figure 19;

Figure 23 is the structural representation of the right shoulder ring of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic described in the utility model;

Figure 24 is the front elevation of Figure 20;

Figure 25 is the left view of Figure 20;

Figure 26 is the vertical view of Figure 20;

The method for designing process flow diagram of the crash dummy neck structure of Figure 27 reaction neck described in the utility model mechanical characteristic;

In figure: 1-dummy neck; Neck ring on 2a-left side; Neck ring on 2b-right side; 3a-left side musculi splenius capitis spring; 3b-right side musculi splenius capitis spring; 4a-left side cucullaris spring; 4b-right side cucullaris spring; The left shoulder ring of 5a-; The right shoulder ring of 5b-; The backward lower neck ring of 6-; 7a-left side nutator spring; 7b-right side nutator spring; Neck ring under 8-forward direction.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented under taking technical solutions of the utility model as prerequisite; provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection domain of the present utility model is not limited to following embodiment.

The present embodiment is taking Hybrid III50th type dummy as basic dummy model, a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic is provided, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, this structure is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, wherein: muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, specifically comprise on the upper neck ring 2a in left side, right side neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6, left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b under neck ring 2b, forward direction; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprise nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring, specifically comprise left side nutator spring 7a, right side nutator spring 7b, left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a, right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b, left side cucullaris spring 4a and right side cucullaris spring 4b.Upper neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, and lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy, and shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder; Nutator both ends of the spring connects respectively neck ring and lower neck ring, and musculi splenius capitis both ends of the spring connects respectively neck ring and lower neck ring, and cucullaris both ends of the spring connects respectively shoulder ring and lower neck ring.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, neck ring 2b is mirror image, on left side, neck ring 2a is semicircular ring, two overhanging beams of semicircular ring arranged outside, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connect left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a and left side nutator spring 7a, on right side, neck ring 2b is semicircular ring, two overhanging beams of semicircular ring arranged outside, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, and the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connect right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b and right side nutator spring 7b; On left side, neck ring 2a is relative with neck ring 2b circular arc on right side, and on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, the end of neck ring 2b is respectively arranged with four bolt mounting holes, and the upper neck ring 2a in left side is fixedly connected with by four hexagon socket head cap screws with neck ring 2b on right side; As shown in Figures 6 to 9, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, neck ring 2b circular arc inner side is directly provided with wide mounting groove with the upper neck of basic dummy joint place, the upper neck boss interference fit of wide mounting groove and basic dummy.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is semicircular ring with backward lower neck ring 6, two overhanging beams of neck ring 8 arranged outside under forward direction, the end of overhanging beam is equipped with through hole, two through holes are respectively used to connect left side nutator spring 7a and right side nutator spring 7b, four overhanging beams of backward lower neck ring 6 arranged outside, the end of overhanging beam is equipped with through hole, and four overhanging beam end through holes are respectively used to connect left side cucullaris spring 4a, left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a, right side cucullaris spring 4b and right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b; Under forward direction, neck ring 8 is mirror image with backward lower neck ring 6, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is relative with backward lower neck ring 6 circular arcs, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is respectively arranged with two bolt mounting holes with the end of backward lower neck ring 6, and neck ring 8 under forward direction is connected by four hexagon socket head cap screws with backward lower neck ring 6; As shown in Figure 10 to Figure 18, under forward direction neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 circular arcs inner sides directly with basic dummy under neck joint place be provided with narrow mounting groove, neck boss interference fit under narrow mounting groove and basic dummy.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b structural symmetry, are all overhanging right angle beams, and are distributed in the both sides of basic dummy's shoulder about sagittal plane symmetry; As shown in Figure 19 to Figure 26, the end of the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is equipped with through hole, and two through holes are respectively used to connect left side cucullaris spring 4a and right side cucullaris spring 4b; The underbeam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is provided with bolt mounting holes, and left shoulder ring 5a is connected with basic dummy's shoulder by bolt respectively with right shoulder ring 5b; The underbeam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is also provided with groove, to prevent the interference between left shoulder ring 5a, right shoulder ring 5b and dummy's skin.

As shown in Fig. 6 to Figure 18, on left side, on neck ring 2a, right side, under neck ring 2b, forward direction, the structure of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 is roughly the same, its difference is: on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, neck ring 2b requires wider mounting groove is set, and under forward direction, neck ring 8 is narrower with the mounting groove of backward lower neck ring 6; In collision process, on dummy's head and left side, on neck ring 2a, right side, neck ring 2b may interfere, therefore on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side, the bolt tie point of neck ring 2b is positioned in basic dummy's sagittal plane, and under forward direction, neck ring 8 is positioned on basic dummy's coronal-plane with the bolt tie point of backward lower neck ring 6; On left side, neck ring 2a respectively need to be connected two springs with neck ring 2b on right side, and therefore two overhanging beams are set; Under forward direction, neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 are about sagittal plane symmetry, under forward direction, neck ring 8 need to be connected six springs altogether with backward lower neck ring 6, needs altogether six roots of sensation overhanging beam, and due to above-mentioned interference, therefore under forward direction, neck ring 8 arranges two overhanging beams, and backward lower neck ring 6 arranges four overhanging beams.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the mechanical characteristic of muscle module reflection neck, due to physiological cross-sectional area, effective length, the terminal position difference of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris, the spring that needs design to have different elasticity coefficient characterizes respectively it, and link position also needs to characterize respectively: the spring that characterizes identical muscle has identical elasticity coefficient and symmetrical, and the spring that characterizes different muscle has different elasticity coefficient; Characterize symmetrical connection between the front end overhanging beam of neck ring 8 under the front end overhanging beam of sternocleidomastoid left side nutator spring 7a and right side nutator spring 7b neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side on left side and forward direction, nutator spring 7a two ends, left side connect respectively the overhanging beam of neck ring 8 under the front end overhanging beam of the upper neck ring 2a in left side and forward direction, and nutator spring 7b two ends, right side connect respectively the front end overhanging beam of neck ring 8 under the front end overhanging beam of neck ring 2b on right side and forward direction; The rear end overhanging beam of left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a and the right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b that characterizes musculi splenius capitis neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side on left side and be connected to symmetry between the rear end overhanging beam of lower neck ring 6 afterwards, musculi splenius capitis spring 3a two ends, left side connect respectively the upper rear end overhanging beam of neck ring 2a in left side and the rear end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6, and musculi splenius capitis spring 3b two ends, right side connect respectively the rear end overhanging beam of neck ring 2b on right side and the rear end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6; Left side cucullaris spring 4a and the right side cucullaris spring 4b that characterizes cucullaris symmetry between the rear upper end overhanging beam to lower neck ring 6 and left shoulder ring 5a and the upper beam of right shoulder ring 5b is connected, cucullaris spring 4a two ends, left side connect respectively the upper end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6 and the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a, and cucullaris spring 4b two ends, right side connect respectively the upper end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6 and the upper beam of right shoulder ring 5b; Nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring are tension type spring, and the shackle that connected mode is spring end is hooked in the through hole arranging on beam.

As shown in figure 27, the utility model provides a kind of crash dummy neck structure method for designing that reflects neck mechanical characteristic simultaneously, crash dummy neck structure is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, in upper neck ring, be arranged with two and be provided with through hole with overhanging beam and overhanging beam end, in lower neck ring, be arranged with between two four overhanging beams and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprises two nutator springs, two musculi splenius capitis springs, two cucullaris springs; This method for designing comprises the following steps::

Step 1: obtain basic parameter

Inquirer's volume data storehouse, the terminal position of acquisition neck nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris and physiological cross-sectional area S1, S2, S3, the starting point of muscle is respectively Q1, Q2, Q3, stop is respectively Z1, Z2, Z3, determine the muscle effective length L1 between muscle terminal position according to following formula, L2, L3; By rat gastrocnemius muscles stretching experiment, measure the effective length L0 (unit: mm) of rat gastrocnemius muscles, physiological cross-sectional area S0 (unit: mm ²) and elasticity coefficient k0 (unit: N/mm).

$L_i=\sqrt{{(Q_{\mathrm{ix}}-Z_{\mathrm{ix}})}^2+{(Q_{\mathrm{iy}}-Z_{\mathrm{iy}})}^2+{(Q_{\mathrm{iz}}-Z_{\mathrm{iz}})}^2}$

In formula: L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; Q _ix, Q _iy, Q _iz---muscle starting point Q _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; Z _ix, Z _iy, Z _iz---muscle stop Z _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent respectively nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris.

Step 2: determine muscle stuck-module agent structure

Determine the thickness T 1 ' of the wide mounting groove of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side according to the thickness T 1 of the upper neck aluminium dish of basic dummy, the thickness T 2 ' according to neck ring 8 under the definite forward direction of thickness T 2 of neck aluminium dish under basic dummy with the narrow mounting groove of backward lower neck ring 6; According to the diameter D ' of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on the upper neck ring 2a in the definite left side of the diameter D of rubber disc, right side; Depth d according to neck ring 8 under the wide mounting groove of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in the definite left side of the semidiameter △ R of neck aluminium dish and rubber disc and right side and forward direction with the narrow mounting groove of backward lower neck ring 6; The extending to its center of circle direction of the boss of the upper end of neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side relative formations owing to manufacturing wide mounting groove on left side, to go up the location of neck ring 2b when stressed on neck ring 2a and right side on the left of ensureing; According to the relative position of the dead-centre position Z3 of cucullaris and basic dummy's shoulder bolt hole, determine the right angle girder construction of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b.

Step 3: determine muscle module elasticity coefficient k

According to following formula, different from human muscle's physiological cross-sectional area based on rat gastrocnemius muscles, effective length is different, and the elasticity coefficient k0 of rat gastrocnemius muscles is carried out to convergent-divergent, determine respectively the elasticity coefficient k of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module ₁, k ₂, k ₃.

$k_i=\frac{S_i\·L_i}{S_0\·L_0}\·k_0$

In formula: k ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles elasticity coefficient, unit: N/mm; S ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles effective length, unit: mm; k _i---elasticity of muscle coefficient, unit: N/mm; S _i---muscle physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent respectively nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris.

Step 4: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam lead to the hole site

Under the constant prerequisite of elasticity coefficient that ensures muscle, muscle terminal except cucullaris stop is carried out to translation: first, carry out translation along Z-direction, the stop of sternocleidomastoid stop, musculi splenius capitis is positioned in the horizontal symmetrical plane of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side, the starting point of sternocleidomastoid starting point, musculi splenius capitis, the starting point of cucullaris are positioned in the horizontal symmetrical plane of neck ring under forward direction 8 and backward lower neck ring 6, ensure that overhanging beam can directly carry out overhanging from muscle stuck-module; Then, the stop of sternocleidomastoid stop, musculi splenius capitis carries out radial translation taking the center of circle of neck ring 2b on neck ring 2a and right side on left side in neck ring 2b horizontal symmetrical plane of living on neck ring 2a and right side on left side as the center of circle, the starting point of sternocleidomastoid starting point, musculi splenius capitis, the starting point of cucullaris under forward direction neck ring 8 with rear to before in lower neck ring 6 horizontal symmetrical plane of living in downwards neck ring 8 and the rear center of circle to lower neck ring 6 be that radial translation is carried out in the center of circle, interfere with volume and the dummy neck structure of avoiding spring; Finally, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, sternocleidomastoid stop Z1 ', the dead-centre position Z2 ' of musculi splenius capitis of the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of neck ring 2b after by translation determines, sternocleidomastoid starting point Q1 ', the starting point Q2 ' of musculi splenius capitis of the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 after by translation, the starting point Q3 ' location positioning of cucullaris under forward direction, the lead to the hole site of the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is definite by cucullaris dead-centre position Z3.

Step 5: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam structure

According to the muscle terminal position obtaining in step 4, based on the outside surface of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on neck ring 2a, right side on left side, determine the out reach of overhanging beam; According to cucullaris dead-centre position, determine the out reach of the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b; End at overhanging beam drills through hole.

In above-mentioned method for designing, because basic dummy's structure is about sagittal plane symmetry, therefore in the time of design, only need consider the design of a side, the structure and parameter of opposite side can directly obtain by symmetry.

As the design flow diagram of an embodiment in the utility model, taking nutator as embodiment, design by design flow diagram:

Step 1: obtain basic parameter

Inquirer's volume data storehouse, obtains neck sternocleidomastoid terminal position and physiological cross-sectional area S ₁(unit: mm ²), the starting point coordinate Q of muscle ₁, stop coordinate Z ₁, determine the muscle effective length L between muscle terminal position according to following formula ₁;

$L_1=\sqrt{{(Q_{1x}-Z_{1x})}^2+{(Q_{1y}-Z_{1y})}^2+{(Q_{1z}-Z_{1z})}^2}$

In formula: L ₁---nutator effective length, unit: mm; Q _1x, Q _1y, Q _1z---nutator starting point Q ₁coordinate figure, unit: mm; Z _1x, Z _1y, Z _1z---nutator stop Z ₁coordinate figure, unit: mm;

By rat gastrocnemius muscles stretching experiment, measure the effective length L of rat gastrocnemius muscles again ₀(unit: mm), physiological cross-sectional area S ₀(unit: mm ²) and elasticity coefficient k ₀(unit: N/mm).

Step 2: determine muscle stuck-module agent structure

Determine the thickness T 1 ' of the wide mounting groove of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side according to the thickness T 1 of the upper neck aluminium dish of basic dummy, the thickness T 2 ' according to neck ring 8 under the definite forward direction of thickness T 2 of neck aluminium dish under basic dummy with the narrow mounting groove of backward lower neck ring 6; According to the diameter D ' of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on the upper neck ring 2a in the definite left side of the diameter D of rubber disc, right side; Depth d according to neck ring 8 under the wide mounting groove of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in the definite left side of the semidiameter △ R of neck aluminium dish and rubber disc and right side and forward direction with the narrow mounting groove of backward lower neck ring 6; The extending to its center of circle direction of the boss of the upper end of neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side relative formations owing to manufacturing wide mounting groove on left side, to go up the location of neck ring 2b when stressed on neck ring 2a and right side on the left of ensureing.The unit of above-mentioned parameter T1, T1 ', T2, T2 ', D ', △ R, d is mm.

Step 3: determine muscle module elasticity coefficient k

According to following formula, different from sternocleidomastoid physiological cross-sectional area based on rat gastrocnemius muscles, effective length is different, to the elasticity coefficient k of rat gastrocnemius muscles ₀carry out convergent-divergent, determine sternocleidomastoid elasticity coefficient k in muscle module ₁.

$k_1=\frac{S_1\·L_1}{S_0\·L_1}\·k_0$

In formula: k ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles elasticity coefficient, N/mm; S ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles physiological cross-sectional area, mm ²; L ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles effective length, mm; k ₁---nutator elasticity coefficient, N/mm; S ₁---nutator physiological cross-sectional area, mm ²; L ₁---muscle effective length, mm.

Step 4: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam lead to the hole site

Ensureing under the constant prerequisite of the elasticity coefficient of muscle, nutator terminal is carried out to translation: first, carry out translation along Z-direction, sternocleidomastoid stop is positioned in the horizontal symmetrical plane of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side, sternocleidomastoid starting point is positioned in the horizontal symmetrical plane of neck ring under forward direction 8 and backward lower neck ring 6, ensures that overhanging beam can directly carry out overhanging from muscle stuck-module; Then, sternocleidomastoid stop carries out radial translation taking the center of circle of neck ring 2b on neck ring 2a and right side on left side in neck ring 2b horizontal symmetrical plane of living on neck ring 2a and right side on left side as the center of circle, sternocleidomastoid starting point under forward direction neck ring 8 with rear to before in lower neck ring 6 horizontal symmetrical plane of living in downwards neck ring 8 and the rear center of circle to lower neck ring 6 be that radial translation is carried out in the center of circle, interfere with volume and the dummy neck structure of avoiding spring; Finally, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, the sternocleidomastoid dead-centre position Z1 ' of neck ring 2b overhanging beam lead to the hole site after by translation determines, under forward direction, the sternocleidomastoid start position Q1 ' of the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 after by translation determines.

In this step, coordinate system adopts the intrinsic coordinate system of basic dummy, and true origin is at H point.

Step 5: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam structure

According to the nutator terminal position obtaining in step 4, based on the outside surface of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on neck ring 2a, right side on left side, determine the out reach of an overhanging beam.

Because SID dummy is identical with Hybrid III50th type dummy structure, therefore the crash dummy neck structure of above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for this series dummy simultaneously.Because the dummies' such as Hybrid III5th, Hybrid III95th, SID IIs neck structure is similar to Hybrid III50th type dummy, therefore the crash dummy neck structure method for designing of above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for above serial dummy.

Claims (6)

1. one kind reflects the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic, it is characterized in that, it is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, wherein, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, and lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy, and shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprise two nutator springs, two musculi splenius capitis springs, two cucullaris springs, nutator both ends of the spring connects respectively neck ring and lower neck ring, musculi splenius capitis both ends of the spring connects respectively neck ring and lower neck ring, and cucullaris both ends of the spring connects respectively shoulder ring and lower neck ring.

2. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described upper neck ring specifically comprises neck ring (2b) on the upper neck ring (2a) in left side and right side, neck ring on left side (2a) is semicircular ring, two overhanging beams of semicircular ring arranged outside, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, and the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connector splenius spring and nutator spring; On neck ring on left side (2a) and right side, neck ring (2b) is mirror image, neck ring on left side (2a) and relative being fixedly connected with of neck ring on right side (2b) circular arc.

3. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described lower neck ring specifically comprises neck ring under forward direction (8) and backward lower neck ring (6), neck ring under forward direction (8) is semicircular ring with backward lower neck ring (6), two overhanging beams of neck ring under forward direction (8) arranged outside, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, each through hole is used for connecting a nutator spring, four overhanging beams of backward lower neck ring (6) arranged outside, the end of four overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, four through holes are respectively used to connect two cucullaris springs and two musculi splenius capitis springs, neck ring under forward direction (8) is mirror image with backward lower neck ring (6), neck ring under forward direction (8) and relative being fixedly connected with of backward lower neck ring (6) circular arc.

4. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described shoulder ring specifically comprises left shoulder ring (5a) and right shoulder ring (5b), and left shoulder ring (5a) is right angle beam with right shoulder ring (5b) and left shoulder ring (5a) is arranged on dummy's shoulder both sides with right shoulder ring (5b) symmetry; Described left shoulder ring (5a) is equipped with through hole with the end of the upper beam of right shoulder ring (5b), and each through hole is used for connecting a cucullaris spring; Left shoulder ring (5a) is all connected with basic dummy's shoulder with the underbeam of right shoulder ring (5b).

5. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described upper neck ring circular arc inner side is equipped with mounting groove, the upper neck boss interference fit of mounting groove and basic dummy; Described lower neck ring circular arc inner side is provided with mounting groove, neck boss interference fit under mounting groove and basic dummy; The width of the mounting groove of upper neck ring circular arc inner side is greater than the width of the mounting groove of lower neck ring circular arc inner side.

6. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure that reflects neck mechanical characteristic claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring are tension type spring; Nutator spring specifically comprises the symmetrical left side nutator spring (7a) of installing and right side nutator spring (7b), and left side nutator spring (7a) is connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively with two ends, right side nutator spring (7b); Musculi splenius capitis specifically comprises the symmetrical left side musculi splenius capitis spring (3a) of installing and right side musculi splenius capitis spring (3b), and left side musculi splenius capitis spring (3a) is connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively with two ends, right side musculi splenius capitis spring (3b); Cucullaris spring specifically comprises the symmetrical left side cucullaris spring (4a) of installing and right side cucullaris spring (4b), and left side cucullaris spring (4a) is connected lower neck ring and shoulder ring respectively with two ends, right side cucullaris spring (4b).