CN103926046B - The crash dummy neck structure of reflection neck mechanical characteristic and method for designing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic, it is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, wherein, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy, and shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprise two nutator springs, two musculi splenius capitis springs, two cucullaris springs, nutator both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, musculi splenius capitis both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, and cucullaris both ends of the spring connects shoulder ring and lower neck ring respectively.The present invention is used for the neck of crash dummy, effectively realizes the effect of musculi colli to head cervical, has higher biosimulation degree.The present invention discloses a kind of method for designing reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic.

Description

The crash dummy neck structure of reflection neck mechanical characteristic and method for designing

Technical field

The present invention relates to crash dummy neck structure and the method for designing of reflection neck mechanical characteristic, belong to automotive crash safety field.

Background technology

Along with the high speed development of auto industry, the aspect of performance that vehicle safety is evaluating automobile is increasingly important, and especially automotive occupant collision safety resist technology, becomes the product core competitive power technology of domestic and international automobile market and the emphasis of research especially.But existing automobile still has deficiency to passenger protecting performance, as described, real human fractures in traffic hazard, muscle damage, Brain injuries etc.And due to cannot reappear real human body in collision process by muscle the kinetic characteristic that affects, often appear in the situation that the higher automobile of collision safety performance under existing collision code can not protect driver well in true traffic hazard.This and automotive occupant collision safety performance design the dummy used truly cannot reflect what the mechanical characteristic of human body caused.

At present, recognize the impact of the mechanical characteristic of muscle in collision process with passengers motion and damage in the world, and establish the multiple digitizing dummy model with muscle, because the material properties of the sign muscle used is different, the effect of these digitizing dummy models in collision simulation analysis is not quite similar, the standard that formation one is ununified.Although the structure of these digitizing dummy models and real human body structure quite similar, the kinetic characteristic in the collision process of real human body can not be reappeared well, be thus still in the exploratory stage.

Since last century the eighties, international automobile engineering field adopts dummy's (as adopted the HybridIII type dummy of metal and plastic or other material) to carry out chassis or the full scale vehicle collision experiment of traffic hazard mostly, and by test in the acceleration of dummy's each position or displacement or stressedly evaluate automobile passenger degree of injury.Mostly this dummy is the static human model set up from biomedical angle, lacks the expression to the mechanical characteristic of muscle in collision process.Especially to the larger head of damage influence and neck movement, the impact by musculi colli is comparatively large, but in existing dummy, cannot reappear this mechanical characteristic.Simultaneously, in order to the facility manufactured with install, existing dummy neck structure and real human body have larger difference: real human body neck has multiple cervical vertebra to combine, can move flexibly, dummy neck is then alternately overlap the column structure that formed by aluminium dish and rubber disc, and the neck movement of dummy is subject to certain restrictions.This structure simplifies the difference formed and makes the existing design based on dummy cannot the motion of accurate description real human body in actual traffic accident and damage.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above problem that prior art exists; the invention provides a kind of the crash dummy neck structure and the method for designing that reflect neck mechanical characteristic; on existing dummy basis; integrative medicine, biomechanics and engineering demand; from the angle of safety of vehicle passengers protection; take into full account that in collision process, neck mechanical characteristic is on the impact of neck movement; design has the muscularity spring of mechanics of muscle characteristic; and design corresponding muscle fixed sturcture; improve the biosimulation of dummy model, and then improve the collision safety performance of automobile.

Fundamental purpose of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:

A kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic is provided, it is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, wherein, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy, and shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprise two nutator springs, two musculi splenius capitis springs, two cucullaris springs, nutator both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, musculi splenius capitis both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, and cucullaris both ends of the spring connects shoulder ring and lower neck ring respectively.

As a kind of improvement project reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention, described upper neck ring specifically comprises neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side, on left side, neck ring 2a is semicircular ring, semicircular ring arranged outside two overhanging beams, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, and the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connector splenius spring and nutator spring; On left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, neck ring 2b is mirror image, and on left side, neck ring 2a is fixedly connected with on right side, neck ring 2b circular arc is relative.

As a kind of improvement project reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention, described lower neck ring specifically comprises neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 under forward direction, under forward direction, neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 are semicircular ring, neck ring 8 arranged outside two overhanging beams under forward direction, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, each through hole is for connecting a nutator spring, backward lower neck ring 6 arranged outside four overhanging beams, the end of four overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, four through holes are respectively used to connection two cucullaris springs and two musculi splenius capitis springs, under forward direction, neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 are mirror image, and under forward direction, neck ring 8 is relative with backward lower neck ring 6 circular arc is fixedly connected with.

As a kind of improvement project reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention, described shoulder ring specifically comprises left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b, left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b and is right angle beam and left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b symmetry are arranged on dummy's shoulder both sides; The end of the upper beam of described left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is equipped with through hole, and each through hole is for connecting a cucullaris spring; Left shoulder ring 5a is all connected with basic dummy's shoulder with the underbeam of right shoulder ring 5b.

As a kind of improvement project reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention, inside described upper neck ring circular arc, be equipped with mounting groove, mounting groove and the upper neck boss interference fit of basic dummy; Mounting groove is provided with, neck boss interference fit under mounting groove and basic dummy inside described lower neck ring circular arc; The width of the mounting groove inside upper neck ring circular arc is greater than the width of the mounting groove inside lower neck ring circular arc.

As a kind of improvement project reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention, described nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring are tension type spring; Nutator spring specifically comprises left side nutator spring 7a and the right side nutator spring 7b of symmetrical installation, and left side nutator spring 7a is connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively with nutator spring 7b two ends, right side; Musculi splenius capitis spring specifically comprises left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a and the right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b of symmetrical installation, and left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a is connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively with musculi splenius capitis spring 3b two ends, right side; Cucullaris spring specifically comprises the symmetrical left side cucullaris spring 4a installed and right side cucullaris spring 4b, left side cucullaris spring 4a and is connected lower neck ring respectively with cucullaris spring 4b two ends, right side and takes on ring.

The present invention provides a kind of method for designing reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic simultaneously, crash dummy neck structure is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is arranged with two overhanging beams and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole, lower neck ring is arranged with between two four overhanging beams and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, the spring of the spring be respectively and characterize sternocleidomastoid spring, characterizing musculi splenius capitis, sign cucullaris; This method for designing comprises the following steps:

Step one, acquisition basic parameter:

Inquirer's volume data storehouse, the terminal position of acquisition neck nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris and physiological cross-sectional area, and then determine the muscle effective length between muscle terminal position; Again by rat gastrocnemius muscles stretching experiment, measure the effective length of rat gastrocnemius muscles, physiological cross-sectional area and elasticity coefficient;

Step 2, determine muscle stuck-module agent structure: according to the size of the upper neck aluminium dish of basic dummy, lower neck aluminium dish, rubber disc, determine the size of upper neck ring, lower neck ring, in guarantee, neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, and lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy; According to the dead-centre position of cucullaris and the relative position in dummy's Shoulder bolts hole, determine to take on ring structure, shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder;

Step 3, determine muscle module elasticity coefficient: different from the physiological cross-sectional area of human muscle based on rat gastrocnemius muscles, effective length is different, convergent-divergent is carried out to the elasticity coefficient of rat gastrocnemius muscles, determines the elasticity coefficient of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module respectively;

Step 4, determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam lead to the hole site: under the constant prerequisite of elasticity coefficient ensureing muscle, translation is carried out to the muscle terminal except cucullaris stop; Finally, the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of upper neck ring is determined by the dead-centre position of the sternocleidomastoid stop after translation, musculi splenius capitis, the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of lower neck ring is determined by the sternocleidomastoid starting point after translation, the starting point of musculi splenius capitis, the start position of cucullaris, and the lead to the hole site of shoulder ring upper beam is determined by cucullaris dead-centre position;

Step 5, determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam structure: according to the muscle terminal position obtained in step 4, based on the outside surface of upper neck ring, lower neck ring, determine the out reach of overhanging beam; According to cucullaris dead-centre position, determine the out reach takeing on ring upper beam; In the end holes drilled through of overhanging beam.

As a kind of further improvement project reflecting the method for designing of the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention, step one obtains in basic parameter, the muscle effective length according between following formula determination muscle terminal position:

$L_i=\sqrt{{(Q_{ix}-Z_{ix})}^2+{(Q_{iy}-Z_{iy})}^2+{(Q_{iz}-Z_{iz})}^2}$

In formula: L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; Q _ix, Q _iy, Q _iz---muscle origin Q _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; Z _ix, Z _iy, Z _iz---muscle stop Z _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris respectively.

As a kind of further improvement project reflecting the method for designing of the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention, in step 3 determination muscle module elasticity coefficient, determine the elasticity coefficient of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module respectively according to following formula.

$k_i=\frac{S_i\·L_i}{S_0\·L_0}\·k_0$

In formula: k ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles elasticity coefficient, unit: N/mm; S ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles effective length, unit: mm; k _i---elasticity of muscle coefficient, unit: N/mm; S _i---muscle physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris respectively.

In above-mentioned method for designing, because dummy's structure is symmetrical about sagittal plane, therefore only need consider the design of side when designing, the structure and parameter of opposite side can directly be obtained by symmetrical.

Because SID dummy is identical with HybridIII50th type dummy structure, the crash dummy neck structure of therefore above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for this serial dummy simultaneously.Because the neck structure of the dummies such as HybridIII5th, HybridIII95th, SIDIIs is similar to HybridIII50th type dummy, the crash dummy neck structure method for designing of therefore above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for above serial dummy.

The present invention compared with prior art, has following features:

1. the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention has the myoarchitecture similar to real human body, and the terminal of muscle is true, accurate;

2. the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention is for different musculi collis, and the elasticity coefficient characterizing the spring of muscle is different, can reappear neck mechanical characteristic, have higher biosimulation degree;

3. the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic provided by the invention is installed simple, and muscle connects accurately, rapidly, effectively reduces the setup time of impact test.

The present invention is by the crash dummy neck structure of design reflection neck mechanical characteristic, for the dummy of design reflection Whole Body mechanical characteristic steps solid step forward, the method for designing proposed, also can provide reference for the dummy of design reflection Whole Body mechanical characteristic.By these designs, we can the collsion damage degree of more adequately assay automotive occupant, and more deep discussion can be carried out to its micromechanism of damage, this is the perfect of the raising of the technical merit of the passive security Journal of Sex Research of China's automobile industry and the passive security performance of automobile product, the theoretical foundation of objective science is provided, also provides strong technical support by the technology commanding elevation seizing following international automobile safety research for China.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front elevation of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the rear view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 be the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic of the present invention right side on the structural representation of neck ring;

Fig. 7 is the front elevation of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the vertical view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is the A view of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is the structural representation of neck ring under the forward direction of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the front elevation of neck ring under the forward direction of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic of the present invention;

Figure 12 is the B-B direction view of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is the C direction view of Figure 12;

Figure 14 is the structural representation of the backward lower neck ring of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic of the present invention;

Figure 15 is the front elevation of Figure 14;

Figure 16 is the vertical view of Figure 14;

Figure 17 is the partial view of Figure 16;

Figure 18 is the D direction view of Figure 16;

Figure 19 is the structural representation of the left shoulder ring of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic of the present invention;

Figure 20 is the front elevation of Figure 19;

Figure 21 is the left view of Figure 19;

Figure 22 is the vertical view of Figure 19;

Figure 23 is the structural representation of the right shoulder ring of the crash dummy neck structure of reaction neck mechanical characteristic of the present invention;

Figure 24 is the front elevation of Figure 20;

Figure 25 is the left view of Figure 20;

Figure 26 is the vertical view of Figure 20;

The method for designing process flow diagram of the crash dummy neck structure of Figure 27 reaction neck of the present invention mechanical characteristic;

In figure: 1-dummy neck; Upper neck ring on the left of 2a-; Upper neck ring on the right side of 2b-; Musculi splenius capitis spring on the left of 3a-; Musculi splenius capitis spring on the right side of 3b-; Cucullaris spring on the left of 4a-; Cucullaris spring on the right side of 4b-; The left shoulder ring of 5a-; The right shoulder ring of 5b-; The backward lower neck ring of 6-; Nutator spring on the left of 7a-; Nutator spring on the right side of 7b-; Neck ring under 8-forward direction.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention; give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.

The present embodiment is dummy model based on HybridIII50th type dummy, a kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic is provided, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, this structure is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, wherein: muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6, left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b under neck ring 2b, forward direction is specifically comprised on the upper neck ring 2a in left side, right side; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprise nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring, specifically comprise left side nutator spring 7a, right side nutator spring 7b, left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a, right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b, left side cucullaris spring 4a and right side cucullaris spring 4b.Upper neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, and lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy, and shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder; Nutator both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, and musculi splenius capitis both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, and cucullaris both ends of the spring connects shoulder ring and lower neck ring respectively.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, neck ring 2b is mirror image, on left side, neck ring 2a is semicircular ring, semicircular ring arranged outside two overhanging beams, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connect left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a and left side nutator spring 7a, on right side, neck ring 2b is semicircular ring, semicircular ring arranged outside two overhanging beams, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, and the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connect right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b and right side nutator spring 7b; On left side, neck ring 2a is relative with neck ring 2b circular arc on right side, and on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, the end of neck ring 2b is respectively arranged with four bolt mounting holes, and the upper neck ring 2a in left side is fixedly connected with by four hexagon socket head cap screws with neck ring 2b on right side; As shown in Figures 6 to 9, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, inside neck ring 2b circular arc, directly upper neck joint place is provided with wide mounting groove with basic dummy, and wide mounting groove goes up neck boss interference fit with basic dummy.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, under forward direction, neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 are semicircular ring, neck ring 8 arranged outside two overhanging beams under forward direction, the end of overhanging beam is equipped with through hole, two through holes are respectively used to connect left side nutator spring 7a and right side nutator spring 7b, backward lower neck ring 6 arranged outside four overhanging beams, the end of overhanging beam is equipped with through hole, and four overhanging beam end through holes are respectively used to connect left side cucullaris spring 4a, left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a, right side cucullaris spring 4b and right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b; Under forward direction, neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 are mirror image, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is relative with backward lower neck ring 6 circular arc, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is respectively arranged with two bolt mounting holes with the end of backward lower neck ring 6, and under making forward direction, neck ring 8 is connected by four hexagon socket head cap screws with backward lower neck ring 6; As shown in Figure 10 to Figure 18, under forward direction, inside neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 circular arc, directly neck joint place under basic dummy is provided with narrow mounting groove, neck boss interference fit under narrow mounting groove and basic dummy.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b structural symmetry, are all overhanging right angle beams, and are distributed in the both sides of basic dummy's shoulder about sagittal plane symmetry; As shown in Figure 19 to Figure 26, the end of the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is equipped with through hole, and two through holes are respectively used to connect left side cucullaris spring 4a and right side cucullaris spring 4b; The underbeam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is provided with bolt mounting holes, and left shoulder ring 5a is connected with basic dummy's shoulder respectively by bolt with right shoulder ring 5b; The underbeam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is also provided with groove, to prevent left shoulder ring 5a, interference between right shoulder ring 5b and dummy's skin.

As shown in Fig. 6 to Figure 18, on left side, on neck ring 2a, right side, under neck ring 2b, forward direction, the structure of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 is roughly the same, its difference is: on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, neck ring 2b requires to arrange wider mounting groove, and under forward direction, neck ring 8 is narrower with the mounting groove of backward lower neck ring 6; Due in collision process, on manikin head and left side, on neck ring 2a, right side, neck ring 2b may interfere, therefore the bolt tie point going up neck ring 2b on neck ring 2a and right side on the left of is positioned in the sagittal plane of basic dummy, and under forward direction, neck ring 8 and the bolt tie point of backward lower neck ring 6 are positioned on the coronal-plane of basic dummy; On left side, neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side respectively need to be connected two springs, therefore arrange two overhanging beams; Under forward direction, neck ring 8 is symmetrical about sagittal plane with backward lower neck ring 6, under forward direction, neck ring 8 needs to be connected six springs with backward lower neck ring 6 altogether, namely needs six roots of sensation overhanging beam altogether, and due to above-mentioned interference, therefore under forward direction, neck ring 8 arranges two overhanging beams, and backward lower neck ring 6 arranges four overhanging beams.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the mechanical characteristic of muscle module reflection neck, due to physiological cross-sectional area, effective length, the terminal position difference of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris, the spring needing design to have different elasticity coefficient characterizes respectively to it, and link position also needs to characterize respectively: the spring characterizing identical muscle has identical elasticity coefficient and symmetrical, and the spring characterizing different muscle has different elasticity coefficient; Characterize symmetrical between the front end overhanging beam of sternocleidomastoid left side nutator spring 7a and right side nutator spring 7b neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side on left side and the front end overhanging beam of neck ring under forward direction 8 connection, nutator spring 7a two ends, left side connect the overhanging beam of neck ring 8 under the front end overhanging beam of the upper neck ring 2a in left side and forward direction respectively, and nutator spring 7b two ends, right side connect the front end overhanging beam of neck ring 8 under the front end overhanging beam of the upper neck ring 2b in right side and forward direction respectively; Symmetrically between the rear end overhanging beam of the left side musculi splenius capitis spring 3a and the right side musculi splenius capitis spring 3b that characterize musculi splenius capitis neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side on left side with the rear rear end overhanging beam to lower neck ring 6 to be connected, musculi splenius capitis spring 3a two ends, left side connect the upper rear end overhanging beam of neck ring 2a in left side and the rear end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6 respectively, and musculi splenius capitis spring 3b two ends, right side connect the upper rear end overhanging beam of neck ring 2b in right side and the rear end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6 respectively; The left side cucullaris spring 4a characterizing cucullaris is connected with symmetrical between left shoulder ring 5a and the upper beam of right shoulder ring 5b at the rear upper end overhanging beam to lower neck ring 6 with right side cucullaris spring 4b, cucullaris spring 4a two ends, left side connect the upper end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6 and the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a respectively, and cucullaris spring 4b two ends, right side connect the upper end overhanging beam of backward lower neck ring 6 and the upper beam of right shoulder ring 5b respectively; Nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring are tension type spring, and connected mode is that the shackle of spring end is hooked in through hole that beam is arranged.

As shown in figure 27, the present invention provides a kind of crash dummy neck structure method for designing reflecting neck mechanical characteristic simultaneously, crash dummy neck structure is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is arranged with two with overhanging beam and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole, lower neck ring is arranged with between two four overhanging beams and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprises two nutator springs, two musculi splenius capitis springs, two cucullaris springs; This method for designing comprises the following steps::

Step 1: obtain basic parameter

Inquirer's volume data storehouse, the terminal position of acquisition neck nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris and physiological cross-sectional area S1, S2, S3, the starting point of muscle is respectively Q1, Q2, Q3, stop is respectively Z1, Z2, Z3, according to the muscle effective length L1 between following formula determination muscle terminal position, L2, L3; By rat gastrocnemius muscles stretching experiment, measure the effective length L0 (unit: mm) of rat gastrocnemius muscles, physiological cross-sectional area S0 (unit: mm ²) and elasticity coefficient k0 (unit: N/mm).

$L_i=\sqrt{{(Q_{ix}-Z_{ix})}^2+{(Q_{iy}-Z_{iy})}^2+{(Q_{iz}-Z_{iz})}^2}$

In formula: L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; Q _ix, Q _iy, Q _iz---muscle origin Q _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; Z _ix, Z _iy, Z _iz---muscle stop Z _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris respectively.

Step 2: determine muscle stuck-module agent structure

Determine the thickness T1 ' of the upper neck ring 2a in left side and the wide mounting groove of neck ring 2b on right side according to the thickness T1 of the upper neck aluminium dish of basic dummy, determine the thickness T2 ' of the narrow mounting groove of neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 under forward direction according to the thickness T2 of neck aluminium dish under basic dummy; The diameter D ' of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on the upper neck ring 2a in left side, right side is determined according to the diameter D of rubber disc; The degree of depth d of the narrow mounting groove of neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 under the wide mounting groove of the upper neck ring 2a in left side and neck ring 2b on right side and forward direction is determined according to the semidiameter △ R of neck aluminium dish and rubber disc; On left side, the upper end of neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side is owing to manufacturing the extending to its direction, center of circle, to ensure the location of neck ring 2b when stressed on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side of wide mounting groove and the relative boss formed; According to the dead-centre position Z3 of cucullaris and the relative position in basic dummy's Shoulder bolts hole, determine the right angle girder construction of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b.

Step 3: determine muscle module elasticity coefficient k

According to following formula, different from the physiological cross-sectional area of human muscle based on rat gastrocnemius muscles, effective length is different, convergent-divergent is carried out to the elasticity coefficient k0 of rat gastrocnemius muscles, determines the elasticity coefficient k of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module respectively ₁, k ₂, k ₃.

$k_i=\frac{S_i\·L_i}{S_0\·L_0}\·k_0$

In formula: k ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles elasticity coefficient, unit: N/mm; S ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles effective length, unit: mm; k _i---elasticity of muscle coefficient, unit: N/mm; S _i---muscle physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris respectively.

Step 4: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam lead to the hole site

Under the constant prerequisite of elasticity coefficient ensureing muscle, translation is carried out to the muscle terminal except cucullaris stop: first, translation is carried out along Z-direction, make sternocleidomastoid stop, the stop of musculi splenius capitis is positioned in the horizontal symmetrical plane of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side, under the starting point of sternocleidomastoid starting point, musculi splenius capitis, the starting point of cucullaris are positioned at forward direction, neck ring 8 is with in the horizontal symmetrical plane of backward lower neck ring 6, ensures that overhanging beam can directly carry out overhanging from muscle stuck-module; Then, the stop of sternocleidomastoid stop, musculi splenius capitis on left side on neck ring 2a and right side in horizontal symmetrical plane residing for neck ring 2b with the center of circle of neck ring 2b on neck ring 2a on left side and right side for carrying out radial translation in the center of circle, the starting point of sternocleidomastoid starting point, musculi splenius capitis, the starting point of cucullaris under forward direction neck ring 8 with rear in horizontal symmetrical plane residing for lower neck ring 6 before downwards neck ring 8 and the rear center of circle to lower neck ring 6 be that radial translation is carried out in the center of circle, interfere to avoid the volume of spring and dummy neck structure; Finally, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of neck ring 2b is determined by the dead-centre position Z2 ' of the sternocleidomastoid stop Z1 ' after translation, musculi splenius capitis, under forward direction, neck ring 8 is determined by the starting point Q2 ' of the sternocleidomastoid starting point Q1 ' after translation, musculi splenius capitis, the starting point Q3 ' position of cucullaris with the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of backward lower neck ring 6, and the lead to the hole site of the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b is determined by cucullaris dead-centre position Z3.

Step 5: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam structure

According to the muscle terminal position obtained in step 4, based on the outside surface of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on neck ring 2a, right side on left side, determine the out reach of overhanging beam; According to cucullaris dead-centre position, determine the out reach of the upper beam of left shoulder ring 5a and right shoulder ring 5b; In the end holes drilled through of overhanging beam.

In above-mentioned method for designing, because basic dummy's structure is symmetrical about sagittal plane, therefore only need consider the design of side when designing, the structure and parameter of opposite side can directly be obtained by symmetrical.

As the design flow diagram of an embodiment in the present invention, take nutator as embodiment, design by design flow diagram:

Step 1: obtain basic parameter

Inquirer's volume data storehouse, obtains the sternocleidomastoid terminal position of neck and physiological cross-sectional area S ₁(unit: mm ²), the starting point coordinate Q of muscle ₁, stop coordinate Z ₁, according to the muscle effective length L between following formula determination muscle terminal position ₁;

$L_1=\sqrt{{(Q_{1x}-Z_{1x})}^2+{(Q_{1y}-Z_{1y})}^2+{(Q_{1Z}-Z_{1z})}^2}$

In formula: L ₁---nutator effective length, unit: mm; Q _1x, Q _1y, Q _1z---nutator starting point Q ₁coordinate figure, unit: mm; Z _1x, Z _1y, Z _1z---nutator stop Z ₁coordinate figure, unit: mm;

Again by rat gastrocnemius muscles stretching experiment, measure the effective length L of rat gastrocnemius muscles ₀(unit: mm), physiological cross-sectional area S ₀(unit: mm ²) and elasticity coefficient k ₀(unit: N/mm).

Step 2: determine muscle stuck-module agent structure

Determine the thickness T1 ' of the upper neck ring 2a in left side and the wide mounting groove of neck ring 2b on right side according to the thickness T1 of the upper neck aluminium dish of basic dummy, determine the thickness T2 ' of the narrow mounting groove of neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 under forward direction according to the thickness T2 of neck aluminium dish under basic dummy; The diameter D ' of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on the upper neck ring 2a in left side, right side is determined according to the diameter D of rubber disc; The degree of depth d of the narrow mounting groove of neck ring 8 and backward lower neck ring 6 under the wide mounting groove of the upper neck ring 2a in left side and neck ring 2b on right side and forward direction is determined according to the semidiameter △ R of neck aluminium dish and rubber disc; On left side, the upper end of neck ring 2a and neck ring 2b on right side is owing to manufacturing the extending to its direction, center of circle, to ensure the location of neck ring 2b when stressed on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side of wide mounting groove and the relative boss formed.The unit of above-mentioned parameter T1, T1 ', T2, T2 ', D ', △ R, d is mm.

Step 3: determine muscle module elasticity coefficient k

According to following formula, different from sternocleidomastoid physiological cross-sectional area based on rat gastrocnemius muscles, effective length is different, to the elasticity coefficient k of rat gastrocnemius muscles ₀carry out convergent-divergent, determine sternocleidomastoid elasticity coefficient k in muscle module ₁.

$k_1=\frac{S_1\·L_1}{S_0\·L_0}\·k_0$

In formula: k ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles elasticity coefficient, N/mm; S ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles physiological cross-sectional area, mm ²; L ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles effective length, mm; k ₁---nutator elasticity coefficient, N/mm; S ₁---nutator physiological cross-sectional area, mm ²; L ₁---muscle effective length, mm.

Step 4: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam lead to the hole site

Ensureing under the prerequisite that the elasticity coefficient of muscle is constant, translation is carried out to nutator terminal: first, translation is carried out along Z-direction, sternocleidomastoid stop is made to be positioned in the horizontal symmetrical plane of neck ring 2b on the upper neck ring 2a in left side and right side, under sternocleidomastoid starting point is positioned at forward direction, neck ring 8 is with in the horizontal symmetrical plane of backward lower neck ring 6, ensures that overhanging beam can directly carry out overhanging from muscle stuck-module; Then, sternocleidomastoid stop on left side on neck ring 2a and right side in horizontal symmetrical plane residing for neck ring 2b with the center of circle of neck ring 2b on neck ring 2a on left side and right side for carrying out radial translation in the center of circle, sternocleidomastoid starting point under forward direction neck ring 8 with rear in horizontal symmetrical plane residing for lower neck ring 6 before downwards neck ring 8 and the rear center of circle to lower neck ring 6 be that radial translation is carried out in the center of circle, interfere to avoid the volume of spring and dummy neck structure; Finally, on left side, on neck ring 2a and right side, an overhanging beam lead to the hole site of neck ring 2b is determined by the sternocleidomastoid dead-centre position Z1 ' after translation, and under forward direction, neck ring 8 is determined by the sternocleidomastoid start position Q1 ' after translation with the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of backward lower neck ring 6.

In this step, coordinate system adopts the intrinsic coordinate system of basic dummy, and true origin is at H point.

Step 5: determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam structure

According to the nutator terminal position obtained in step 4, based on the outside surface of neck ring 8, backward lower neck ring 6 under neck ring 2b, forward direction on neck ring 2a, right side on left side, determine the out reach of an overhanging beam.

Because SID dummy is identical with HybridIII50th type dummy structure, the crash dummy neck structure of therefore above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for this serial dummy simultaneously.Because the neck structure of the dummies such as HybridIII5th, HybridIII95th, SIDIIs is similar to HybridIII50th type dummy, the crash dummy neck structure method for designing of therefore above-mentioned reflection neck mechanical characteristic can be used for above serial dummy.

Claims (9)

1. one kind reflects the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic, it is characterized in that, it is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, wherein, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, and lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy, and shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, comprise two nutator springs, two musculi splenius capitis springs, two cucullaris springs, nutator both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, musculi splenius capitis both ends of the spring connects neck ring and lower neck ring respectively, and cucullaris both ends of the spring connects shoulder ring and lower neck ring respectively.

2. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described upper neck ring specifically comprises the upper neck ring (2a) in left side and neck ring (2b) on right side, on left side, neck ring (2a) is semicircular ring, semicircular ring arranged outside two overhanging beams, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, and the through hole of two overhanging beams is respectively used to connector splenius spring and nutator spring; On left side, neck ring (2a) is mirror image with neck ring (2b) on right side, and on left side, neck ring (2a) is relative with neck ring on right side (2b) circular arc is fixedly connected with.

3. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described lower neck ring specifically comprises neck ring (8) and backward lower neck ring (6) under forward direction, under forward direction, neck ring (8) and backward lower neck ring (6) are semicircular ring, neck ring (8) arranged outside two overhanging beams under forward direction, the end of two overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, each through hole is for connecting a nutator spring, backward lower neck ring (6) arranged outside four overhanging beams, the end of four overhanging beams is equipped with through hole, four through holes are respectively used to connection two cucullaris springs and two musculi splenius capitis springs, under forward direction, neck ring (8) and backward lower neck ring (6) are mirror image, and under forward direction, neck ring (8) is relative with backward lower neck ring (6) circular arc is fixedly connected with.

4. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described shoulder ring specifically comprises left shoulder ring (5a) and right shoulder ring (5b), and left shoulder ring (5a) and right shoulder ring (5b) are right angle beam and left shoulder ring (5a) and right shoulder ring (5b) symmetry are arranged on dummy's shoulder both sides; Described left shoulder ring (5a) is equipped with through hole with the end of the upper beam of right shoulder ring (5b), and each through hole is for connecting a cucullaris spring; Left shoulder ring (5a) is all connected with basic dummy's shoulder with the underbeam of right shoulder ring (5b).

5. according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, inside described upper neck ring circular arc, be equipped with mounting groove, mounting groove and the upper neck boss interference fit of basic dummy; Mounting groove is provided with, neck boss interference fit under mounting groove and basic dummy inside described lower neck ring circular arc; The width of the mounting groove inside upper neck ring circular arc is greater than the width of the mounting groove inside lower neck ring circular arc.

6., according to a kind of crash dummy neck structure reflecting neck mechanical characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nutator spring, musculi splenius capitis spring, cucullaris spring are tension type spring; Nutator spring specifically comprises symmetrical left side nutator spring (7a) of installing and right side nutator spring (7b), and left side nutator spring (7a) and right side nutator spring (7b) two ends are connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively; Musculi splenius capitis spring specifically comprises symmetrical left side musculi splenius capitis spring (3a) of installing and right side musculi splenius capitis spring (3b), and left side musculi splenius capitis spring (3a) and right side musculi splenius capitis spring (3b) two ends are connected upper neck ring and lower neck ring respectively; Cucullaris spring specifically comprises symmetrical left side cucullaris spring (4a) of installing and right side cucullaris spring (4b), and left side cucullaris spring (4a) and right side cucullaris spring (4b) two ends are connected lower neck ring and shoulder ring respectively.

7. one kind reflects the method for designing of the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic, it is characterized in that, crash dummy neck structure is made up of muscle stuck-module and muscle module, muscle stuck-module is made up of upper neck ring, lower neck ring and shoulder ring, upper neck ring is arranged with two overhanging beams and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole, lower neck ring is arranged with between two four overhanging beams and overhanging beam end is provided with through hole; Muscle module is made up of the spring of different elasticity coefficient, the spring of the spring be respectively and characterize sternocleidomastoid spring, characterizing musculi splenius capitis, sign cucullaris; This method for designing comprises the following steps:

Step one, acquisition basic parameter:

Inquirer's volume data storehouse, the terminal position of acquisition neck nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris and physiological cross-sectional area, and then determine the muscle effective length between muscle terminal position; Again by rat gastrocnemius muscles stretching experiment, measure the effective length of rat gastrocnemius muscles, physiological cross-sectional area and elasticity coefficient;

Step 2, determine muscle stuck-module agent structure: according to the size of the upper neck aluminium dish of basic dummy, lower neck aluminium dish, rubber disc, determine the size of upper neck ring, lower neck ring, in guarantee, neck ring is connected with the upper neck of basic dummy, and lower neck ring is connected with neck under basic dummy; According to the dead-centre position of cucullaris and the relative position in dummy's Shoulder bolts hole, determine to take on ring structure, shoulder ring is connected with basic dummy's shoulder;

Step 3, determine muscle module elasticity coefficient: different from the physiological cross-sectional area of human muscle based on rat gastrocnemius muscles, effective length is different, convergent-divergent is carried out to the elasticity coefficient of rat gastrocnemius muscles, determines the elasticity coefficient of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module respectively;

Step 4, determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam lead to the hole site: under the constant prerequisite of elasticity coefficient ensureing muscle, translation is carried out to the muscle terminal except cucullaris stop; Finally, the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of upper neck ring is determined by the dead-centre position of the sternocleidomastoid stop after translation, musculi splenius capitis, the overhanging beam lead to the hole site of lower neck ring is determined by the sternocleidomastoid starting point after translation, the starting point of musculi splenius capitis, the start position of cucullaris, and the lead to the hole site of shoulder ring upper beam is determined by cucullaris dead-centre position;

Step 5, determine muscle stuck-module overhanging beam structure: according to the muscle terminal position obtained in step 4, based on the outside surface of upper neck ring, lower neck ring, determine the out reach of overhanging beam; According to cucullaris dead-centre position, determine the out reach takeing on ring upper beam; In the end holes drilled through of overhanging beam.

8. according to a kind of method for designing reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step one obtains in basic parameter, the muscle effective length according between following formula determination muscle terminal position:

$L_i=\sqrt{{(Q_{ix}-Z_{ix})}^2+{(Q_{iy}-Z_{iy})}^2+{(Q_{iz}-Z_{iz})}^2}$

In formula: L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; Q _ix, Q _iy, Q _iz---muscle origin Q _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; Z _ix, Z _iy, Z _iz---muscle stop Z _icoordinate figure, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris respectively.

9. according to a kind of method for designing reflecting the crash dummy neck structure of neck mechanical characteristic according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step 3 determination muscle module elasticity coefficient, determine the elasticity coefficient of nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris in muscle module respectively according to following formula:

$k_i=\frac{S_i\·L_i}{S_0\·L_0}\·k_0$

In formula: k ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles elasticity coefficient, unit: N/mm; S ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L ₀---rat gastrocnemius muscles effective length, unit: mm; k _i---elasticity of muscle coefficient, unit: N/mm; S _i---muscle physiological cross-sectional area, unit: mm ²; L _i---muscle effective length, unit: mm; I=1,2,3, represent nutator, musculi splenius capitis, cucullaris respectively.