CN203645832U - Sandstorm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Sandstorm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN203645832U CN203645832U CN201320636473.1U CN201320636473U CN203645832U CN 203645832 U CN203645832 U CN 203645832U CN 201320636473 U CN201320636473 U CN 201320636473U CN 203645832 U CN203645832 U CN 203645832U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a sandstorm monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network comprising a plurality of data acquisition nodes, a plurality of base stations, a plurality of communication nodes, and a far-end control center. The plurality of data acquisition nodes are fixedly disposed in a monitoring area, and are used for acquiring the sandstorm motion monitoring data of the current locations. The plurality of base stations are disposed in the monitoring area, and can be used to report and process the uploaded data. The plurality of communication nodes are disposed in the monitoring area, and can move randomly under the action of the wind to meet the data acquisition nodes or the base stations in a way of an opportunistic network, and can be used to download the data from the data acquisition nodes or upload the downloaded data to the base stations. The far-end control center is used to recover and process the data received by the base stations in a real-time manner. The defects of the prior art such as small monitoring area, low data acquisition precision, weak flexibility, and high costs can be overcome, and the sandstorm monitoring system based on the wireless sensor network has advantages of large monitoring area, high data acquisition precision, good flexibility, and low costs.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to dust storm monitoring system technical field, particularly, relates to a kind of dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network.
Background technology
Sandstorm is by a kind of comparatively common natural phenomena due to special geographical environment and meteorological condition, the arid and semi-arid regions that mainly occurs in desert and close on, and in world wide, the multiple district of sandstorm is arranged in the Central Asia, North America, not sum Australia.Sandstorm process is extremely strong to the destructive power of the ecosystem, and it can accelerate desertification of land, and atmospheric environment is caused to serious pollution, and urban air-quality is significantly declined, and human health, urban transportation, communication and power supply are had a negative impact.Due to the frequency of its outburst and the seriousness of harm, the research of sandstorm trend prediction has become focus and the focus that domestic and international experts and scholars pay close attention to.
Therefore, be deeply familiar with that wind-driven sediment occurs and process and the rule of development, not only contribute to desertification and sandstorm carry out more objective, predict and forecast accurately, and be sandstorm engineering prevention and control science, effective basis.At present, Dust Storm Monitoring system separately has been disposed in many countries and regions.Comprise Asia dust storm model system (Asian Dust Aerosol Model system, be called for short ADAM), mediterranean region Atmosphere System (Mediterranean Dust Regional Atmospheric Model system, be called for short DREAM) and Chinese federated environment system (Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment for Dust system is called for short CUACE).
At present at home except by remote sensing, the technology of taking photo by plane the present situation to Desertification Soil, dynamically give macroscopical tracking and monitoring, also by setting up scope in Desert Area, or artificial Portable device gos deep into the modes such as Desert Area and carries out data acquisition to realize near-earth observation.For dust storm research provides data supporting, the at present domestic dust storm monitoring patent numbers having got the Green Light is various, and essential characteristic and pluses and minuses at this by the typical patent of part are listed below:
(1) the different wind directions wind-blown sand sediment mass flux monitoring apparatus of a kind of near surface (Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN201764999U, 2011-03-16)
The different wind directions wind-blown sand sediment mass flux monitoring apparatus of this near surface, form for fixing outer barrel and sand collecting box for adopting the husky device of husky device, wind drive transfer and ground guard ring and underground storage by adopting husky device on the ground, wherein adopting Sha Qishi forms into husky passage, training for sediment passage, exhaust net, sand outlet, sand groove, auxiliary sandboard and Cai Sha device mouth mask by superposeing, enter husky passage and training for sediment passage connects mutually, become 45-60 ° of angle to weld together, exhaust net is welded on two side, husky passage rear end; Wind drive transfer is made up of rotating circular disk, support bar, empennage, rotating shaft, swivel bearing, retainer ring, fixed screw, on rotating circular disk, have groove, the sand outlet docking of adopting Sha Qizhong is fixed in groove, support bar is welded on the center of circle of rotating circular disk, and the support rail in swivel bearing, rotating shaft and fixing outer barrel adopts nut to fix; Sand collecting box, for fan cylindricality, is suspended on support rail by the flanging of both sides, top; Ground guard ring is truncated cone, and the outer of annulus is welded with downward shirt rim, its side and horizontal plane oblique.
The different wind directions wind-blown sand sediment mass flux monitoring apparatus of this near surface, have with the wind rotate, Chu Sha space is large, to air-flow and the feature such as surface disturbance is little, can collect the advantage of the sediment transport of different wind directions, but nearly husky bed surface trap efficiency is lower, image data precision is limited, moreover device location need to be selected by manual type fixing, be subject to the restriction of time, place and natural environment, and monitored area is limited.
(2) a kind of long-term monitoring method for wind-blown sand flow of near surface (Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN101949763A, 2011-01-19)
This long-term monitoring method for wind-blown sand flow of near surface, relate to device by adopting husky device on the ground for adopting husky device, the husky device of wind drive transfer and ground guard ring and underground storage is fixing outer barrel and sand collecting box composition, wherein adopt Sha Qishi by superposeing into husky passage, training for sediment passage, exhaust net, sand outlet, sand groove, auxiliary sandboard and Cai Sha device mouth mask composition, wind drive transfer is by rotating circular disk, support bar, empennage, rotating shaft, swivel bearing, retainer ring, fixed screw composition, ground guard ring is made up of annulus and shirt rim, fixing outer barrel is by fixing outer barrel and support rail forms, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out: a, select a smooth plot of landform, dig one with spade and be slightly larger than the round pool of fixing outer barrel diameter, the hole degree of depth is a bit larger tham the height of fixing outer barrel, hole bottom small pieces of cloth used for patches plank or brick, make ground level, b, will fix outer barrel and be put in hole, the upper edge of fixing outer barrel is concordant with earth's surface, make " north " direction with compass, the fixing outer barrel of rotation, make the bucket wall center line scale between arbitrary adjacent two support rails aim at direct north, and mark " N " with marking pen on bucket wall center line, on the bucket wall center line between other adjacent two support rails, mark corresponding orientation equally, the gap outside bucket and between the wall of hole by the earthen backfill of digging out again, and steady and sure, c, sand collecting box is positioned over respectively between adjacent supports cross bar, the flanging of sand collecting box is suspended on the support rail on both sides, write on each sand collecting box outer wall with marking pen simultaneously with bucket wall on the orientation that indicates, d, mutually connect adopting the husky passage of entering of Sha Qizhong and training for sediment passage, become 45 60 ° of angles to weld together, exhaust net is welded on two side, husky passage rear end, sand outlet docking is fixed in the groove of rotating circular disk one side, support bar is welded on the center of circle of rotating circular disk, swivel bearing, support rail in rotating shaft and fixing outer barrel adopts nut to fix, retainer ring is welded on the outer shroud of swivel bearing, adjust rotating circular disk, fixing hole is aimed at the hole on retainer ring, fix with fixed screw, one end of empennage is fixed on the top of support bar, empennage with adopt husky device respectively in support bar both sides, both are on same perpendicular, sand groove and auxiliary sandboard are fixed on the groove of rotating circular disk bottom, linked together by four sand sheets, surround a up big and down small wedge shape space, the outer of e, protection annulus is welded with downward shirt rim, its side and horizontal plane oblique, by protection annulus be enclosed within fixing outer barrel along outside soil on, above spreading one deck natural terrain soil, approximate recovery original ground surface state, f, adopt husky device Shamian Island around after a period of stabilisation, will adopt husky device mouth mask and take off from entering husky passage, write down the moment at that time, as instrument cut-in time, after work a period of time, cover and adopt husky device mouth mask, writing down the moment at that time, is the instrument break-off time, unclamp fixed screw, rotating circular disk is taken out, and carefully put aside, take out each sand collecting box according to order, the sand material of collecting is poured in sample sack, and on sample sack, write the orientation of mark on sand collecting box in sand collecting box, after sample takes one by one, the sand material that fixing outer barrel bottom is piled up is cleaned out, g, according to the orientation of mark, each sand box is put into corresponding position, then rotating circular disk is installed to original position, restart again to observe.Adopt this long-term monitoring method for wind-blown sand flow of near surface, can utilize wind drive to adopt husky device rotates, make sand inlet all the time just to wind direction, the sediment transport of same wind direction scope can be collected in same sand box, can also effectively prevent from adopting the observation data distortion that wind erosion causes of husky device around, large Chu Sha space can guarantee long-time continuous observation.The method is suitable for the long-term ocean weather station observation of stream under the unattended condition in field, can alleviate observer's field work intensity.
This long-term monitoring method for wind-blown sand flow of near surface, effectively prevents from adopting the observation data distortion that wind erosion causes of husky device around, and large Chu Sha space can guarantee long-time continuous observation.But because instrument is placed in wind sand environment, himself can produce local interference to air-flow, wind-driven sediment, thereby causes the stream situation in this region to change, and then affects accuracy of data acquisition; This external equipment ocean weather station observation is dumb, is subject to the restriction of time, place and natural environment, and the data that gather have certain region limitation.
(3) a kind of self-metering monitoring method for sand transport of near surface sand-driving wind (Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN101949762A, 2011-01-19)
In this self-metering monitoring method for sand transport of near surface sand-driving wind, related device is: adopt husky device, the husky weighing device of storage, Shamian Island protective device and electric supply installation and data acquisition unit; concrete operations follow these steps to carry out: a, a smooth plot of selection; water permeable; husky storage weighing device is embedded in below earth's surface; adopt husky device and be arranged on earth's surface; and be connected with the husky weighing device of storage; Shamian Island protective device is socketed in to be adopted on husky device periphery earth's surface, and solar power supply apparatus and data acquisition unit nigh are adopted husky device and weighing device is connected by cable with fixing.B, adopt husky device and rotate with the wind, the sand material of catching is collected and imported in the husky weighing device of storage, complete weighing work by electronic balance, solar power supply apparatus provides working power for adopting husky device, the husky weighing device of storage and data acquisition unit, again by data acquisition unit by accumulation weighing data and time, interval stores at regular intervals, directly imports computer with data wire, or realize remote data transmission by telecommunication system, can realize the sediment transport of near surface stream from meter monitoring.Under adverse circumstances, unattended condition, can realize the round-the-clock ocean weather station observation of stream in the wild, segment length when Continuous Observation, can greatly alleviate field labour intensity.
This self-metering monitoring method for sand transport of near surface sand-driving wind, will be affected if applied solar energy electric supply installation runs into the result of lasting bad weather collection; Device location need to be selected by manual type fixing, is subject to the restriction of time, place and natural environment, and the data that gather have certain region limitation; And instrument is placed in wind sand environment, himself can produce local interference to air-flow, wind-driven sediment, thereby causes the stream situation in this region to change, and then affects accuracy of data acquisition.
(4) a kind of stream sediment transport monitoring method (Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN102768106A, 2012-11-07)
In this stream sediment transport monitoring method, relating to device is trapezoidal sand-taped instrument, this sand-taped instrument is made up of the husky passage of collection, training for sediment passage, sand-storing box, fixed head, sand-storing box shutoff screw, closing cap, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out: a, choose stream sediment transport observation station, according to earth's surface wind direction, dig a groove at ground down wind, the sand-taped instrument that installs closing cap is put into groove, make it perpendicular to the ground, collect husky passway towards carrying out flow path direction, the husky passway of nethermost collection is concordant with earth's surface, backfill soil, near getting, ground surface soil is spread on earth's surface; B, remove closing cap, record the time, start stream observation, observe 10 minutes in, build closing cap, record the time; C, by sand-taped instrument take out keep flat, back out the screw of bottom sand-storing box bottom with screwdriver, be enclosed within this sand-storing box bottom with sample sack, sand-taped instrument is holded up, the grains of sand are all transferred in sample sack from sand-storing box, sealed sample sack, the height of sand-storing box and sampling time on mark, and then the screw of screwing on, take out one by one in turn the collection sand in each sand-storing box; D, again by step a lay sand-taped instrument, again observe.
Sand-taped instrument in this stream sediment transport monitoring method, can increase work efficiency and reduce labour intensity, and suitable application region is wide; But this sand-taped instrument device air flow stream general character is poor, and the accuracy of measurement is low, and this collects husky device and can only collect the sediment transport flux of a direction, and the data of collection are inaccurate.
(5) atmospheric turbulence of boundary layer monitoring system (Lanzhou University, CN102681030A, 2012-09-19) under a kind of stream or sandstorm environment
Atmospheric turbulence of boundary layer monitoring system under this stream or sandstorm environment, comprise the vertically parallel meteorological tower being equipped with, hot line support and multiple observation platform, described hot line support is near meteorological tower setting, and described multiple observation platforms are symmetrically distributed in the both sides in meteorological tower and hot line support formation region; On described meteorological tower, coordinate first group of measurement laboratory apparatus is installed; On hot line support, coordinate hot line probe assembly is installed; On each observation platform, coordinate second group of measurement laboratory apparatus is installed.
Atmospheric turbulence of boundary layer monitoring system under this stream or sandstorm environment, can realize to high reynolds number wall turbulent flow three-dimensional structure measure, to stream or sandstorm flow field characteristic is measured and by turbulent flow measure with sand and dust transport measurement synchronize, accuracy is higher; But the wind velocity fluctuation of Dust Storm is very strong, now in boundary layer, there is extremely strong turbulent flow exchange, need the data volume of transmission huge, require high especially to transmission experiment instrument, moreover support is fixing dumb, scope of activities is limited, and meteorological tower and experimental facilities collection somewhat expensive, is unfavorable for extensive laying.
The deficiency of current near-earth dust storm monitoring means is: (1) device location need to be selected to fix by manual type, is subject to the restriction of time, place and natural environment, and the data that gather have certain region limitation; (2) because instrument is placed in wind sand environment, himself can produce local interference to air-flow, wind-driven sediment, thereby causes the stream situation in this region to change, and then affects accuracy of data acquisition.In addition a large amount of researchers are also at the motion feature by wind tunnel simulation dust storm macroscopic view or microcosmic and study, however be limited to the rule research of tunnel airstream field, Study on Similarity is not perfect, and experimental result is had some limitations.
In sum, realizing in process of the present utility model, inventor finds at least to exist in prior art that monitored area is little, accuracy of data acquisition is low, very flexible and high in cost of production defect.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is, for the problems referred to above, proposes a kind of dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, to realize the advantage that monitored area is large, accuracy of data acquisition is high, flexibility is good and cost is low.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a kind of dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, comprise that fixed part is deployed in monitored area, for gathering multiple data acquisition nodes of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data, be deployed in monitored area, the multiple base stations that can uploading data be processed and be reported, be placed in monitored area, can under wind-force effect, move at random with the form of opportunistic network and data acquisition node or base station and meet, and be maybe uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station by downloading the data obtained from data acquisition node downloading data in the time meeting, and for reclaiming in real time the far-end control centre that base station is processed the data obtained and processed.
Further, described multiple data acquisition node is divided into hierachical network topology structure.
Further, in the network topology structure arranging in described layering, comprise many cluster data acquisition node;
Multiple data acquisition nodes in cluster data acquisition node, composition can as far as possible effectively cover the circulus of monitored area, the approximate home position place that is positioned at annular place annulus of leader cluster node;
Leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, the side with the wind that is deployed in above ground level, is positioned at the intermediate layer of whole network topology structure, adopts the power supply of polycrystalline 10W solar panel; The leader cluster node in intermediate layer, not image data, only serves as the effect of data receiver and forwarding; Communication transmitting data between leader cluster node, passes through multi-hop forwarding until transfer data to base station nearby, then reports to far-end control centre by base station;
Other nodes in many cluster data acquisition node except leader cluster node, closely face is affixed one's name to, and is positioned at the bottom of whole network topology structure, adopts the power supply of 2000mAh chargeable lithium cell; The data acquisition node of the bottom, for image data, and by the data that collect to a bunch head transmission.
Further, between described multiple communication nodes, can adopt the pattern that copies distribution to carry out data retransmission: when two communication nodes meet, mutually to exchange self-contained data, if Data duplication is deleted, store if not identical.
Further, at each data acquisition node place, be provided with for stoping data acquisition node to be blown by dust storm and preventing the bracing means that data acquisition node is lost.
Further, described multiple data acquisition nodes, distributing fixed part is deployed in monitored area.
Further, in described far-end control centre, be provided with the Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model that the real-time wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data that can upload in conjunction with base station is done early warning and dynamically followed the tracks of sandstorm.
Here, Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model, can be specifically the Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model based on BP neural net.BP neural net is divided by its topological structure, belongs to feedforward network, but its adopt be the learning method of backpropagation, therefore be called again reverse transmittance nerve network (Back-Propagation Neural Network), referred to as BP network.BP model is a kind of multilayer perceptron structure, is made up of some layers of neuron, except input layer and output layer, comprises one or more middle hidden layers.A BP network model structure with 3 inputs and a hidden layer is as Fig. 3.
In Fig. 3, between the each node layer of BP network, be all connected to each other, with not connecting between node layer, the output of every node layer only affects the output of next node layer.The main thought of BP algorithm is: for n input learning sample a
1, a
2... a
n, known output sample y corresponding thereto
1, y
2... y
q, the destination of study is the actual output c with network
1, c
2... c
q, with target vector y
1, y
2... y
qbetween error revise its weights, make c
k(k=1,2 ..., q) with the y of its expectation
kapproaching as much as possible.That is: make the error of network output layer reach minimum, it is by the continuously variation of computing network weights and bias and approach gradually target in the direction declining with respect to error function slope.The variation of weights and deviation each time is all directly proportional to the impact of network error, and is delivered to every one deck in the mode of backpropagation.
Rule of thumb analyze, year Windy Days, annual ground temperature, year evaporation capacity, relative humidity with year a Sand-dust storm days have good correlation, enter factor that can be using these four factors as year Sand-dust storm days forecast model, take year Sand-dust storm days as the output factor.In actual BP model application, the factor of input, output is all passed through to standardization, to eliminate the impact of dimension.
Further, described far-end control centre, comprises the computer with Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model.
Further, each data acquisition node, is specially the sensor node of deployment near the ground; And/or each base station, is specially the large-scale node that possesses computing capability and the supply of sufficient ability.
Further, the operation that process data described base station, specifically comprises preliminary treatment, polymerization and compression.
Further, mobile communications nodes comprises following characteristics:
(1) the foundation of node motion model and correction
The motion of communication node, the entry condition of employing is:
F
D＝μ·mg；
Wherein, μ is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and m is node quality, and g is gravity acceleration value, F
dthe power that pulls being subject to for node:
Wherein, u is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and D is node almost spherical diameters, C
dfor shape correction value, ρ
gfor node averag density; In addition, gas motion rule intends adopting the Navier-Stokes equation that gas-solid is coupled to describe; After node starts to move under the power of dragging and Action of Gravity Field, its equation of motion can be expressed as:
On the basis of setting up at above-mentioned node motion model, compare and further revise node motion model with communication node actual motion track by experiment, make it more identical with actual conditions;
(2) node Optimal Distribution strategy, i.e. quantity and the position distribution of definite base station and data monitoring node:
In conjunction with node motion model, with reference to the motion track of communication node, find multiple nodes high-density region that meets; This node high-density region that meets is the favored area for the treatment of of disposing base station and monitoring node;
Cross analysis mobile communication base station addressing planning related art method, set up and be applicable to node distribution site selection model;
In conjunction with above-mentioned two kinds of modes, obtain node Optimal Distribution strategy;
(3) node communication strategy
In the broadcast cycle and scope of base station and data acquisition node, no matter communication node moves in which way, as long as can just establish the link by mutual perception signal in the time meeting with node;
Introducing breakpoint transmission mechanism, avoids the communication disruption causing in data transfer procedure.
Further, step (1) in, describedly compare and further revise the operation of node motion model with communication node actual motion track by experiment, specifically comprise:
Design is with the node of GPS chip, be positioned in selected wind sand environment, record the motion track of node within one period, the node movement locus afterwards computer being simulated according to mobility model in contrast, according to experimental result correction model parameter, to obtain, the higher node motion model of precision is described.
The dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network of the each embodiment of the utility model, owing to comprising that fixed part is deployed in monitored area, for gathering multiple data acquisition nodes of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data, be deployed in monitored area, the multiple base stations that can uploading data be processed and be reported, be placed in monitored area, can under wind-force effect, move at random with the form of opportunistic network and data acquisition node or base station and meet, and be maybe uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station by downloading the data obtained from data acquisition node downloading data in the time meeting, and for reclaiming in real time the far-end control centre that base station is processed the data obtained and processed, can adopt wireless sensor network to accomplish the Real-Time Monitoring to sandstorm, data are processed in time and analyzed, the transmission of data is efficient and convenient, and applicable large area is arranged net, network arrangement is also fairly simple, for some inaccessible regions, can adopt aircraft to disseminate and arrange net, thereby can overcome that in prior art, monitored area is little, accuracy of data acquisition is low, very flexible and the high defect of cost, to realize the advantage that monitored area is large, accuracy of data acquisition is high, flexibility is good and cost is low.
Other features and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in the following description, and, partly from specification, become apparent, or understand by implementing the utility model.
Below by drawings and Examples, the technical solution of the utility model is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present utility model, and forms a part for specification, is used from explanation the utility model with embodiment mono-of the present utility model, does not form restriction of the present utility model.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the wireless sensor network structure chart based on opportunistic communication in the dust storm monitoring system of the utility model based on wireless sensor network;
Fig. 2 is the wireless sensor network detail of construction based on opportunistic communication in the dust storm monitoring system of the utility model based on wireless sensor network;
Fig. 3 is the BP network model structural representation of Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model in the dust storm monitoring system of the utility model based on wireless sensor network.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment of the present utility model is described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein is only for description and interpretation the utility model, and be not used in restriction the utility model.
In order to make up the defect of traditional monitoring system, the utility model adopts novel wireless sensor network that sandstorm is monitored and followed the tracks of.Adopt wireless sensor network can accomplish the Real-Time Monitoring to sandstorm, data can be processed in time and be analyzed, the transmission of data is efficient and convenient, and applicable large area is arranged net.Network arrangement is also fairly simple, can adopt aircraft to disseminate arrange net for some inaccessible regions.In order to stop sensor node to be blown by dust storm, the utility model also can be taked certain fixation, prevents node loss.Node can some atmosphere of Real-time Collection and sand and dust information, such as: the information such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and sand moisture.Various information datas are sent to far-end control centre after preliminary treatment, polymerization, compression, utilize existing Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model in conjunction with real time data, sandstorm is done early warning and dynamically followed the tracks of in far-end control centre.
According to the utility model embodiment, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is provided, comprise that fixed part is deployed in monitored area, for gathering multiple data acquisition nodes of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data, be deployed in monitored area, the multiple base stations that can uploading data be processed and be reported, be placed in monitored area, can under wind-force effect, move at random with the form of opportunistic network and data acquisition node or base station and meet, and be maybe uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station by downloading the data obtained from data acquisition node downloading data in the time meeting, and for reclaiming in real time the far-end control centre that base station is processed the data obtained and processed.Here, the operation that process data base station, specifically comprises preliminary treatment, polymerization and compression.
Above-mentioned multiple data acquisition node is divided into hierachical network topology structure.In the network topology structure arranging in layering, comprise many cluster data acquisition node; Multiple data acquisition nodes in cluster data acquisition node, composition can as far as possible effectively cover the circulus of monitored area, the approximate home position place that is positioned at annular place annulus of leader cluster node; Leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, the side with the wind that is deployed in above ground level, is positioned at the intermediate layer of whole network topology structure, adopts the power supply of polycrystalline 10W solar panel; The leader cluster node in intermediate layer, not image data, only serves as the effect of data receiver and forwarding; Communication transmitting data between leader cluster node, passes through multi-hop forwarding until transfer data to base station nearby, then reports to far-end control centre by base station; Other nodes in many cluster data acquisition node except leader cluster node, closely face is affixed one's name to, and is positioned at the bottom of whole network topology structure, adopts the power supply of 2000mAh chargeable lithium cell; The data acquisition node of the bottom, for image data, and by the data that collect to a bunch head transmission.
Between above-mentioned multiple communication node, can adopt the pattern that copies distribution to carry out data retransmission: when two communication nodes meet, mutually to exchange self-contained data, if Data duplication is deleted, store if not identical.At each data acquisition node place, be provided with for stoping data acquisition node to be blown by dust storm and preventing the bracing means that data acquisition node is lost.Multiple data acquisition nodes, distributing fixed part is deployed in monitored area.In far-end control centre, be provided with the real-time wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data that can upload in conjunction with base station sandstorm is done to early warning and the dynamic Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model of following the tracks of.Far-end control centre, comprises the computer with Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model.Each data acquisition node, is specially the sensor node of deployment near the ground; And/or each base station, is specially the large-scale node that possesses computing capability and the supply of sufficient ability.
In the above-described embodiments, mobile communications nodes comprises following characteristics:
(1) the foundation of node motion model and correction
The motion of communication node, the entry condition of employing is:
F
D＝μ·mg；
Wherein, μ is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and m is node quality, and g is gravity acceleration value, F
dthe power that pulls being subject to for node:
Wherein, u is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and D is node almost spherical diameters, C
dfor shape correction value, ρ
gfor node averag density; In addition, gas motion rule intends adopting the Navier-Stokes equation that gas-solid is coupled to describe; After node starts to move under the power of dragging and Action of Gravity Field, its equation of motion can be expressed as:
On the basis of setting up at above-mentioned node motion model, compare and further revise node motion model with communication node actual motion track by experiment, make it more identical with actual conditions;
Step (1) in, compare and further revise the operation of node motion model with communication node actual motion track by experiment, specifically comprise:
Design is with the node of GPS chip, be positioned in selected wind sand environment, record the motion track of node within one period, the node movement locus afterwards computer being simulated according to mobility model in contrast, according to experimental result correction model parameter, to obtain, the higher node motion model of precision is described.
(2) node Optimal Distribution strategy, i.e. quantity and the position distribution of definite base station and data monitoring node:
In conjunction with node motion model, with reference to the motion track of communication node, find multiple nodes high-density region that meets; This node high-density region that meets is the favored area for the treatment of of disposing base station and monitoring node;
Cross analysis mobile communication base station addressing planning related art method, set up and be applicable to node distribution site selection model;
In conjunction with above-mentioned two kinds of modes, obtain node Optimal Distribution strategy;
(3) node communication strategy
In the broadcast cycle and scope of base station and data acquisition node, no matter communication node moves in which way, as long as can just establish the link by mutual perception signal in the time meeting with node;
Introducing breakpoint transmission mechanism, avoids the communication disruption causing in data transfer procedure.
In view of current dust storm near-earth monitoring mode exists the problems such as monitored area is limited, data precision is limited, the communication mode of the present embodiment based on opportunistic network (Opportunistic Networks) set up dust storm wireless sensor network and carried out the monitoring (referring to Fig. 1) of wind-driven sediment.That is: fixing several sensor nodes of disposing in monitored area, gather respectively the wind-driven sediment related data of its position, between these monitoring nodes, do not carry out data communication, but in monitored area, place some communication nodes that can move at random under wind-force effect, in the time that these communication nodes meet with the form of opportunistic network and monitoring node, Monitoring Data is downloaded, equally the form with chance when being deployed in base station (possessing the large-scale node of certain computing capability and enough energy supply) in monitored area and meeting by data upload base station, finally by data record in base station.The advantage of dust storm monitoring system that should be based on wireless sensor network is: Monitoring Data is accurate, monitored area is flexible, network robustness is better than traditional WSN, cost is lower than traditional WSN etc.
The dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network of above-described embodiment, take the high collision probability of node, neighbours find fast, reliable data transmission is as main target.Adopt sensor node with the data transfer mode based on opportunistic communication, utilize communication node to realize data to be forwarded to by sensor node the dust storm sensor networking technology of base station, guarantee that communication node can meet with higher probability and monitoring node and base station, and Rapid Establishment communication link, effectively transmit data, finally realize and in dust storm experimental situation, carry out system verification and Demonstration Application.But in the key issue running into, mainly comprise that communication node mobility model sets up Optimal Distribution problem, the communication strategy of node etc. of problem, base station and monitoring node, the solution of taking for these problems in this process:
(1) node motion model
In the above-described embodiments, the motion of communication node is affected by wind sand environment Wind Field rule mainly, and node dispersion is independent, thereby intends from wind-driven sediment discrete particle model the mobility model of derivation node in wind field.In surface layer, the stressing conditions of the grains of sand and active force expression formula are clear, are the entry condition difference that different researchers adopts.Here the entry condition that, node motion adopts is:
F
D＝μ·mg；
Wherein, F
dthe power that pulls being subject to for node:
Wherein, u is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand.In addition, gas motion rule intends adopting the Navier-Stokes equation that gas-solid is coupled to describe.After node starts to move under the power of dragging and Action of Gravity Field, its equation of motion can be expressed as:
On the basis of setting up at above-mentioned mobility model, intend comparing with node actual motion track, with further correction model, make it more identical with actual conditions.Experimental technique draft into: design is with the node of GPS chip, be positioned in selected wind sand environment, record the motion track of node within one period, the node movement locus afterwards computer being simulated according to mobility model in contrast, according to experimental result correction model parameter, to obtain, the higher node motion model of precision is described.
(2) node Optimal Distribution strategy
In the above-described embodiments, determining of the quantity of base station and monitoring node (data acquisition node), position distribution is very important, is the key that guarantees that communication node can effectively meet and network cost is controlled.From two angles, first in conjunction with node motion model, with reference to the motion track of communication node, find multiple nodes high density area of meeting, these regions are the favored area for the treatment of of disposing base station and monitoring node; Then,, by analyzing mobile communication base station addressing planning related art method, set up and be applicable to node distribution site selection model.Finally two kinds of modes are combined, obtain node Optimal Distribution strategy.
(3) node communication strategy
Consider communication node motion random in wind sand environment, after the broadcast cycle and scope of base station and monitoring node, can it have enough time to communicate by letter with communication node to depend on the movement velocity of communication node.A kind of simple mode is: no matter communication node moves in which way, as long as can just establish the link by mutual perception signal in the time meeting with node.For fear of in data transfer procedure because the communication disruption that a variety of causes such as node motion cause is introduced breakpoint transmission mechanism.
As shown in Figure 2, constructing network topology is deferred to hierarchical network architecture rule, bottom layout data acquisition node (sensor node), data acquisition node makeup ring shape in one bunch, the approximate home position place that is positioned at annular place annulus of leader cluster node, bottom layer node only sends data to the leader cluster node at own place bunch, and between leader cluster node, forwarding data, to base station, continues to be sent to terminal data processing center (being far-end control centre) afterwards.Bottom node is mainly used in image data, and by the data that collect to a bunch head transmission, the general layout near the ground of acquisition node, is convenient to image data, the less battery of capacity for power acquisition.Be positioned at the acquisition node of same bunch, can people for being arranged to ring-type, accomplish as far as possible effectively to cover monitored area.Consider the general one-way occurring of sandstorm, bunch head is arranged in the side with the wind of acquisition node, is convenient to like this collection of data and follows the tracks of sandstorm.Leader cluster node is positioned at the intermediate layer of whole network, and not image data is only served as the effect of data receiver and forwarding.Because leader cluster node plays vital effect in network, the position of general leader cluster node exceeds earth's surface certain distance, in order to avoid buried by sandstorm, adopts the power supply of polycrystalline 10W solar panel simultaneously, and assurance leader cluster node can be worked lastingly.Communication transmitting data between leader cluster node, forwards until transfer data to base station nearby through multi-hop.
In addition, adopt the pattern that copies distribution between communication node, to carry out data retransmission.Two communication nodes exchange self-contained data while meeting mutually, if Data duplication is deleted, store if not identical.Guarantee that in this way the data that monitoring node gathers have high probability to be forwarded to base station.Finally, comparatively scattered mixed and disorderly by be sent to the data of base station with upper type, complete corresponding data processing by base station.
The dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network of above-described embodiment, the WSN with broad prospect of application is applied to the monitoring of wind-driven sediment near-earth, and set up WSN in the mode based on opportunistic communication, to realize the target of carrying out transfer of data in environment complicated and changeable.Be somebody's turn to do the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, there is following characteristics:
(1) a kind of wind-driven sediment near-earth monitoring technology is proposed: adopt sensor node as data acquisition equipment, utilize the chance that communication node meets at random between base station and sensor node to set up the also forwarding data of communicating by letter, finally realize data and transfer to base station by sensor node;
(2) proposing a kind of WSN networking model: this pattern is different from traditional WSN, there is not end-to-end path in nodes, between node, forms by the mode of motion the chance of meeting, and completes the forwarding transmission of data.
When concrete enforcement, the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network of above-described embodiment, comprises two aspects of hardware and software, first each hardware component and software main modular is set forth in table 1:
table 1: software and hardware composition
Hardware is realized and being mainly made up of monitoring node (sensor node), base station, communication node, and wherein monitoring node and base station location are fixed, the main monitored area Characteristics of Wind Field impact of communication node moving direction.Hardware comprises network environment and Linux, Windows Software Development Platform and a high-performance calculation platform with 30 sensor nodes composition, and IBM16CPU group system, router and some PC based on X86 platform.Wherein in sensor node, transport module model is mainly micaz and the iris of crossbow company, and OEM module is iris M2110, and transducer is MTS300, and development board (being development platform) is MIB510 and MIB520.
Software aspect, mainly remote environment-monitoring system (the Opportunistic Networks Environment Monitoring System under opportunistic network, ONEMS), application Gauss model and backward locate mode are further improved node locating algorithm and strategy.ONEMS is the environmental monitoring system based on opportunistic network, and this system is used for gathering the environmental data of wind sand environment, and data is sent to the server of far-end, and the inquiry of Monitoring Data, monitoring location and routed path is provided to user by Internet.Wherein the inquiry of data comprises the inquiry of historical data and real time data, and user can check easily by browser real time data and the historical data of each node of monitored area in a kind of mode of What You See Is What You Get; Because native system is based on the exploitation of Google Map map, therefore user can observe intuitively by this system the node distribution situation of monitored area, comprises the longitude and latitude of node and the relative position in monitored area.
In sum, the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network of the utility model the various embodiments described above, proposes to set up based on the communication mode of opportunistic network (Opportunistic Networks) basic thought that dust storm wireless sensor network carries out wind-driven sediment monitoring.That is: fixing wind-driven sediment related data of disposing several sensor nodes and gather respectively its position in monitored area, between these monitoring nodes, do not carry out data communication, but in monitored area, place some communication nodes that can move at random under wind-force effect, in the time that these communication nodes meet with the form of chance and monitoring node, Monitoring Data is downloaded, equally the form with chance when being deployed in base station (possessing the large-scale node of certain computing capability and enough energy supply) in monitored area and meeting by data upload base station, finally by data record in base station.
In the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network of above-described embodiment, this method advantage that adopts the wireless sensor network based on opportunistic communication to monitor in wind sand environment is:
(1) sensor node can accurately gather the data on the spot of its region;
(2) the many restrictions while not being subject to manual measurement, monitored area capable of dynamic is adjusted;
(3) cost significantly reduces compared with traditional WSN;
(4) the form of utilizing communication node and monitoring node and base station chance to meet is carried out transfer of data, does not rely in traditional WSN and needs all multinodes to set up the transmission path of multi-hop, and Survivabilities of Networks is enhanced;
(5) data sender and recipient are full decoupled, and node does not need to safeguard that any routing iinformation can realize chance networking and carry out transfer of data yet.
Finally it should be noted that: the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, be not limited to the utility model, although the utility model is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement.All within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, it is characterized in that, comprise that fixed part is deployed in monitored area, for gathering multiple data acquisition nodes of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data, be deployed in monitored area, the multiple base stations that can uploading data be processed and be reported, be placed in monitored area, can under wind-force effect, move at random with the form of opportunistic network and data acquisition node or base station and meet, and be maybe uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station by downloading the data obtained from data acquisition node downloading data in the time meeting, and for reclaiming in real time the far-end control centre that base station is processed the data obtained and processed.
2. the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multiple data acquisition nodes are divided into hierachical network topology structure.
3. the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in the network topology structure arranging, comprises many cluster data acquisition node in described layering;
Multiple data acquisition nodes in cluster data acquisition node, composition can as far as possible effectively cover the circulus of monitored area, the approximate home position place that is positioned at annular place annulus of leader cluster node;
Leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, the side with the wind that is deployed in above ground level, is positioned at the intermediate layer of whole network topology structure, adopts the power supply of polycrystalline 10W solar panel; The leader cluster node in intermediate layer, not image data, only serves as the effect of data receiver and forwarding; Communication transmitting data between leader cluster node, passes through multi-hop forwarding until transfer data to base station nearby, then reports to far-end control centre by base station;
Other nodes in many cluster data acquisition node except leader cluster node, closely face is affixed one's name to, and is positioned at the bottom of whole network topology structure, adopts the power supply of 2000mAh chargeable lithium cell; The data acquisition node of the bottom, for image data, and by the data that collect to a bunch head transmission.
4. the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between described multiple communication node, can adopt the pattern that copies distribution to carry out data retransmission: when two communication nodes meet, the self-contained data of exchange mutually, if Data duplication is deleted, if not identical storage.
5. according to the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, at each data acquisition node place, be provided with for stoping data acquisition node to be blown by dust storm and preventing the bracing means that data acquisition node is lost;
Described multiple data acquisition node, distributing fixed part is deployed in monitored area.
6. according to the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, in described far-end control centre, be provided with the Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model that the real-time wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data that can upload in conjunction with base station is done early warning and dynamically followed the tracks of sandstorm;
Described far-end control centre, comprises the computer with Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model.
7. according to the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that each data acquisition node is specially the sensor node of deployment near the ground; And/or each base station, is specially the large-scale node that possesses computing capability and the supply of sufficient ability.
8. according to the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the operation that process data described base station specifically comprises preliminary treatment, polymerization and compression.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107271133A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-20 | 深圳森阳环保材料科技有限公司 | A kind of dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network |
| CN107561598A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2018-01-09 | 成都中电锦江信息产业有限公司 | Minisize distributed type weather information based on communication base station reports and submits system and method in real time |
| US11092582B2 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2021-08-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dust emission forecasting |
-
2013
- 2013-10-15 CN CN201320636473.1U patent/CN203645832U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11092582B2 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2021-08-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dust emission forecasting |
| CN107271133A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-20 | 深圳森阳环保材料科技有限公司 | A kind of dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network |
| CN107271133B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-06-21 | 深圳市海纳微传感器技术有限公司 | A kind of dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network |
| CN107561598A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2018-01-09 | 成都中电锦江信息产业有限公司 | Minisize distributed type weather information based on communication base station reports and submits system and method in real time |
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