CN103533673B - A kind of dust storm based on wireless sensor network monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of dust storm based on wireless sensor network monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dust storm based on wireless sensor network monitoring system, it is deployed in monitored area including fixing, for gathering multiple data acquisition nodes of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data, it is deployed in monitored area, the multiple base stations that can process uploading data and report, it is placed in monitored area, under wind-force effect, the form with opportunistic network can be moved at random to meet with data acquisition node or base station, and maybe download the data obtained is uploaded to from data acquisition node download data multiple communication nodes of base station when meeting, and process the data obtained for reclaiming base station in real time and carry out the far-end control centre processed.Dust storm based on wireless sensor network of the present invention monitoring system, can overcome in prior art that monitored area is little, accuracy of data acquisition is low, very flexible and high in cost of production defect, to realize, monitored area is big, accuracy of data acquisition is high, flexibility is good and the advantage of low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dust storm monitoring systems technology field, in particular it relates to a kind of wind based on wireless sensor network
Husky monitoring system.
Background technology
Sandstorm is by a kind of relatively conventional natural phenomena caused by special geographical environment and meteorological condition, mainly sends out
Raw in desert and the arid and semi-arid regions closed on, in world wide, DS high frequence region is positioned at the Central Asia, North America, middle not sum
Australia.Sandstorm prevention is extremely strong to the destructive power of the ecosystem, and it can speed up desertification of land, causes atmospheric environment
Serious pollution, makes urban air-quality be remarkably decreased, and has a negative impact human health, urban transportation, communication and power supply.
The frequency broken out due to it and the seriousness of harm, the research of sandstorm trend prediction has had become as domestic and international experts and scholars
The focus paid close attention to and focus.
Therefore, deeply recognize process and rule that wind-driven sediment occurs and develops, not only facilitate desertification and dust storm
That disaster is carried out is more objective, predict accurately and forecast, and is sandstorm engineering prevention and control science, effective base
Plinth.At present, many countries and regions have deployed respective Dust Storm Monitoring system.Including Asia dust storm model system
(Asian Dust Aerosol Model system is called for short ADAM), mediterranean region Atmosphere System (Mediterranean
Dust Regional Atmospheric Model system, is called for short DREAM) and China federated environment system (Chinese
Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment for Dust system, is called for short CUACE).
At present the most at home except by remote sensing, technology of taking photo by plane to the present situation of Desertification Soil, dynamically giving macroscopic view and follow the tracks of prison
Outside survey, also by setting up scope in Desert Area, or artificial Portable device gos deep into the modes such as Desert Area and carries out data acquisition
Collect to realize near-earth observation.Data supporting, the most domestic dust storm monitoring patent number got the Green Light is provided for dust storm research
Measure various, at this, essential characteristic and the pluses and minuses of typical for part patent be listed below:
(1) a kind of near surface difference wind directions wind-blown sand sediment mass flux monitoring apparatus (grind with geography by Chinese Academy of Sciences's Xinjiang ecology
Study carefully institute, CN201764999U, 2011-03-16)
This near surface difference wind directions wind-blown sand sediment mass flux monitoring apparatus, is by adopting husky device on the ground for adopting husky device, wind-force
Drive transfer and land protection ring and the husky device of underground storage for fixing outer barrel and sand collecting box composition, wherein adopt Sha Qishi by folding
Add husky passage, training for sediment passage, exhaust net, sand outlet, sand groove, auxiliary sandboard and Cai Sha device mouth mask composition, enter husky passage
Being mutually communicated with training for sediment passage, become 45-60 ° of angle to weld together, exhaust net is welded on husky two side, passage rear end；Wind
Power drives transfer to be made up of rotating circular disk, support bar, empennage, rotating shaft, swivel bearing, retainer ring, fixed screw, in rotation
Turning and have groove on disk, docked by the sand outlet adopting Sha Qizhong and be fixed in groove, support bar is welded on the center of circle of rotating circular disk, rotation
Rotating shaft is held, rotating shaft uses nut to fix with the support rail in fixing outer barrel；Sand collecting box is fan cylindricality, by the folding of both sides, top
Side suspension is on support rail；Land protection ring is truncated cone, and the outer of annulus is welded with downward shirt rim, its side and water
Plane oblique.
This near surface difference wind directions wind-blown sand sediment mass flux monitoring apparatus, have rotate with the wind, Chu Sha space is big, to air-flow
With feature, the advantage that the sediment transport of different wind direction can be collected such as surface disturbance is little, but nearly husky bed surface trap efficiency is relatively low, gathers
Data precision is limited, moreover device location needs to select to fix by manual type, is limited by time, place and natural environment
System, and monitored area is limited.
A kind of long-term monitoring method for wind-blown sand flow of near surface (Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
CN101949763A, 2011-01-19)
This long-term monitoring method for wind-blown sand flow of near surface, relate to device by adopt on the ground husky device for adopting sand device, wind drive turns
It is fixing outer barrel and sand collecting box composition to device and land protection ring and the husky device of underground storage, wherein adopts Sha Qishi and entered sand by superposition
Passage, training for sediment passage, exhaust net, sand outlet, sand groove, auxiliary sandboard and Cai Sha device mouth mask composition, wind drive turns to dress
Put and be made up of rotating circular disk, support bar, empennage, rotating shaft, swivel bearing, retainer ring, fixed screw, land protection ring by annulus and
Shirt rim forms, and fixing outer barrel is by fixing outer barrel and support rail forms, and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out: a, select a ground
The smooth plot of shape, digs a round pool slightly larger than fixing outer barrel diameter with spade, and the hole degree of depth is slightly larger than the height of fixing outer barrel, hole
Bottom small pieces of cloth used for patches plank or brick, make ground level；B, fixing outer barrel being put in hole, the upper edge of fixing outer barrel is concordant with earth's surface, uses
" northern " direction made by compass, rotates fixing outer barrel, makes the positive north of bucket wall center line scale alignment between arbitrary adjacent two support rails
Direction, and mark " N " with marking pen on bucket wall center line, equally on the bucket wall center line between other adjacent two support rails
Mark corresponding orientation, then by gap that is outer to bucket for the earthen backfill dug out and that cheat between wall and steady and sure；C, sand collecting box is placed respectively
Between adjacent supports cross bar, the flanging of sand collecting box is suspended on the support rail on both sides, simultaneously with marking pen at each sand collecting box
Write on outer wall and the orientation of sign on bucket wall；D, by adopt Sha Qizhong enter husky passage and training for sediment passage is mutually communicated, become 45-
60 ° of angles weld together, and exhaust net is welded on husky two side, passage rear end, and sand outlet docking is fixed on rotating circular disk one
In the groove of side, support bar is welded on the center of circle of rotating circular disk, and swivel bearing, rotating shaft use spiral shell with the support rail in fixing outer barrel
Female fixing, retainer ring is welded on the outer shroud of swivel bearing, adjusts rotating circular disk, makes fixing hole be directed at the hole in retainer ring,
Fixing with fixed screw, one end of empennage is fixed on the top of support bar, empennage with adopt husky device and be respectively at support bar both sides, two
Person is on same perpendicular, and sand groove and auxiliary sandboard are fixed on the groove bottom rotating circular disk, by four pieces of sand sheets even
It is connected together, surrounds a up big and down small wedge shape space；E, protection annulus outer be welded with downward shirt rim, its side with
Horizontal plane oblique, by protection annulus be enclosed within fixing outer barrel along outside soil on, above one layer of natural terrain soil of spreading, approximation
Recover original ground surface state；F, the Shamian Island adopted around husky device after a period of stabilisation, will adopt husky device mouth mask from entering husky passage
Take off, write down the moment at that time, as instrument cut-in time, after work a period of time, cover and adopt husky device mouth mask, write down and work as
Time the moment, for the instrument break-off time；Unclamp fixed screw, rotating circular disk is taken out, and carefully puts aside, according to order
Take out each sand collecting box, the sand material collected in sand collecting box is poured in sample sack, and on sample sack, write mark on sand collecting box
Orientation；After sample takes one by one, the sand material that fixing outer barrel bottom is piled up is cleaned out；G, will be each according to the orientation of mark
Corresponding position put into by sand box, then is installed to rotating circular disk in situ, restart again to observe.Use this near surface dust storm
Stream long term monitoring methods, it is possible to use wind drive is adopted husky device and rotated, and makes sand inlet the most just to wind direction, same wind direction scope
Sediment transport can be collected in same sand box, additionally it is possible to effectively prevents from adopting the observation data distortion caused of eroding around husky device,
Big Chu Sha space ensure that long-time Continuous Observation.The method be suitable for field unattended under the conditions of stream fixed for a long time
Point observation, can alleviate the field work intensity of observer.
This long-term monitoring method for wind-blown sand flow of near surface, effectively prevents from adopting the observation data distortion caused of eroding around husky device,
Big Chu Sha space ensure that long-time Continuous Observation.But owing to instrument is placed in wind sand environment, himself can to air-flow,
Wind-driven sediment produces local interference, thus causes the stream situation in this region to change, and then affects accuracy of data acquisition；
This external equipment ocean weather station observation is dumb, is limited by time, place and natural environment, and the data gathered have certain ground
Territory limitation.
A kind of self-metering monitoring method for sand transport of near surface sand-driving wind (Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
CN101949762A, 2011-01-19)
In this self-metering monitoring method for sand transport of near surface sand-driving wind, involved device is: adopt husky device, storage husky weighing device, Shamian Island
Protection device and electric supply installation and data acquisition unit, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out: a, select a smooth plot,
Water permeable, husky for storage weighing device is embedded in below earth's surface, adopt husky device and be arranged on earth's surface, and weighing device husky with storage is connected, Shamian Island
Protection device is socketed in adopts on husky device periphery earth's surface, and solar power supply apparatus and data acquisition unit pass through cable and be fixed on
Neighbouring adopts husky device and weighing device connection.B, adopt husky device and rotate with the wind, the sand material of capture is collected and imports to Chu Sha and weigh
In device, electronic balance completing to weigh work, solar power supply apparatus is for adopting husky device, the husky weighing device of storage and data acquisition dress
Offer working power is provided, then by data acquisition unit by accumulation weighing data and time, interval stores, directly at regular intervals
Connect and import computer with data wire, or realize remote data transmission by telecommunication system, near surface stream can be realized defeated
Sha Ziji monitors.In the wild adverse circumstances, unattended under the conditions of, it is possible to achieve the round-the-clock ocean weather station observation of stream, see continuously
Segment length during survey, can greatly alleviate field labour intensity.
This self-metering monitoring method for sand transport of near surface sand-driving wind, if applied solar energy electric supply installation runs into lasting severe sky
The result of gas collection will be affected；Device location needs to select to fix, by time, place and nature by manual type
The restriction of environment, the data gathered have certain region limitation；And instrument is placed in wind sand environment, himself meeting
Air-flow, wind-driven sediment are produced local interference, thus causes the stream situation in this region to change, and then affect data acquisition
Collection precision.
A kind of sand flow sediment transportation monitoring method (Xinjiang Inst. of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN102768106A,
2012-11-07)
Relating to device in this sand flow sediment transportation monitoring method is trapezoidal sand-taped instrument, and this sand-taped instrument is by collection husky passage, training for sediment
Passage, sand-storing box, fixed plate, sand-storing box closure screw, closing cap composition, concrete operations follow these steps to carry out: a, choose
Sand flow sediment transportation observation station, according to earth's surface wind direction, digs a groove at ground down wind, the sand-taped instrument installing closing cap is put into groove
In so that it is perpendicular to the ground, the husky passway of collection is towards carrying out flow path direction, and nethermost collection sand passway is concordant with earth's surface, backfill soil,
Take neighbouring ground surface soil and be spread on earth's surface；B, remove closing cap, record the time, start stream observation, in observing 10 minutes, build envelope
Close lid, record the time；C, sand-taped instrument is taken out keep flat, back out the screw bottom a bottom sand-storing box with screwdriver, use sample
Product bag is enclosed within bottom this sand-storing box, is holded up by sand-taped instrument, makes the grains of sand all transfer to from sand-storing box in sample sack, seals sample
Bag, the height of sand-storing box and sampling time, screw of screwing on the most again on mark, take out the collection sand in each sand-storing box the most one by one；
D, again by step a lay sand-taped instrument, again observe.
Sand-taped instrument in this sand flow sediment transportation monitoring method, can improve operating efficiency and reduce labour intensity, being suitable for district
Territory is wide；But this sand-taped instrument device airflow is poor, and the degree of accuracy of measurement is low, and the husky device of this collection can only collect a direction
Sediment transport flux, the data of collection are inaccurate.
Atmospheric turbulence of boundary layer monitoring system under a kind of stream or sandstorm environment (Lanzhou University,
CN102681030A, 2012-09-19)
Atmospheric turbulence of boundary layer monitoring system under this stream or sandstorm environment, including the most parallel gas being equipped with
As tower, hot line support and multiple observation platform, described hot line support is arranged near meteorological tower, and the plurality of observation platform symmetry is divided
Cloth forms the both sides in region at meteorological tower and hot line support；On described meteorological tower, coordinate and first group of measurement experiment is installed
Instrument；On hot line support, coordinate and hot line probe assembly is installed；On each observation platform, coordinate and second group of measurement is installed
Use laboratory apparatus.
Atmospheric turbulence of boundary layer monitoring system under this stream or sandstorm environment, it is possible to achieve to high reynolds number wall turbulent flow
Three-dimensional structure measures, measures stream or sandstorm flow field characteristic and turbulence modulation and sand and dust are transported survey
Amount synchronizes, and accuracy is higher；But the wind velocity fluctuation during sandstorm is very strong, boundary layer now exists extremely strong turbulent flow and hands over
Changing, the data volume needing transmission is huge, the highest to transmission experiment instrument requirements, moreover support is fixed dumb, scope of activities
Limited, and meteorological tower and experimental facilities gather somewhat expensive, are unfavorable for laying on a large scale.
The deficiency of current near-earth dust storm monitoring means is: (1) device location needs to select to fix by manual type, is subject to
To the restriction of time, place and natural environment, the data gathered have certain region limitation；(2) it is placed on due to instrument
In wind sand environment, himself can produce local interference to air-flow, wind-driven sediment, thus cause the stream situation in this region to occur
Change, and then affect accuracy of data acquisition.In addition numerous studies personnel are also by wind tunnel simulation dust storm macroscopic view or the fortune of microcosmic
Dynamic feature is also studied, but it is not perfect to be limited to tunnel airstream field law study, Study on Similarity so that experimental result is deposited
In certain limitation.
In sum, during realizing the present invention, inventor find prior art at least exists monitored area little,
Accuracy of data acquisition is low, very flexible and high in cost of production defect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, for the problems referred to above, proposing the monitoring of a kind of dust storm based on wireless sensor network is
System, to realize, monitored area is big, accuracy of data acquisition is high, flexibility is good and the advantage of low cost.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of dust storm based on wireless sensor network is supervised
Examining system, is deployed in monitored area, for gathering multiple data acquisitions of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data including fixing
Collection node, the multiple base stations being deployed in monitored area, can processing uploading data and report, it is placed on monitored area
In, the form with opportunistic network and data acquisition node can be moved under wind-force effect at random or meet in base station and when meeting
Download data from data acquisition node and maybe download the data obtained is uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station, and return in real time
Receive base station process the data obtained and carry out the far-end control centre processed.
Further, the plurality of data acquisition node is divided into hierachical network topology structure.
Further, in the network topology structure that described layering is arranged, including many cluster data acquisition node；
Multiple data acquisition nodes in cluster data acquisition node, composition can the most effectively cover monitored area
Circulus, leader cluster node is located approximately at the home position of annular place annulus；
Leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, above ground level is deployed in side with the wind, is positioned at whole network topology knot
The intermediate layer of structure, uses polycrystalline 10W solar panel to power；The leader cluster node in intermediate layer, does not gather data, acts only as data
The effect received and forward；Communication transmitting data between leader cluster node, forwards until transferring data to base station nearby through multi-hop,
Far-end control centre is reported to again by base station；
Other nodes in addition to leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, closely face administration, is positioned at whole network and opens up
Flutter the bottom of structure, use 2000mAh chargeable lithium cell to power；The data acquisition node of the bottom, is used for gathering data,
And by the data that collect to a bunch head transmission.
Further, between the plurality of communication node, it is possible to use the pattern replicating distribution to carry out data forwarding: two
When communication node meets, being exchanged with each other self-contained data, if Data duplication, delete, if differing, storing.
Further, at each data acquisition node, be provided with for stoping data acquisition node to be blown by dust storm and
Prevent the bracing means that data acquisition node is lost.
Further, the plurality of data acquisition node, distributing is fixing to be deployed in monitored area.
Further, in described far-end control centre, it is provided with the real-time wind-driven sediment monitoring number can uploaded in conjunction with base station
According to sandstorm being done early warning and the Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model dynamically followed the tracks of.
Here, Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model, can be specifically Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model based on BP neutral net.BP nerve net
Network is divided by its topological structure, belongs to feedforward network, but it uses the learning method of backpropagation, therefore be also called backpropagation
Neutral net (Back-Propagation Neural Network), referred to as BP network.BP model is a kind of multilayer perceptron
Structure, if being made up of dried layer neuron, in addition to input layer and output layer, including one or more middle hidden layers.One has 3
BP network architecture such as Fig. 3 of individual input and a hidden layer.
In figure 3, all interconnect between each node layer of BP network, be not connected to between node layer, every node layer
Output only affects the output of next node layer.The main thought of BP algorithm is: for n input learning sample a1,a2,…an,
Know output sample y corresponding thereto1,y2,…yq, the destination of study is with the actual output c of network1,c2,…cq, with target
Vector y1,y2,…yqBetween error revise its weights, make ck(k=1,2 ..., q) y desired with itkAs close as.
That is: the error making network output layer minimizes, and it is by continuously in the side declined relative to error function slope
Upwards calculate network weight and the change of threshold values and gradually approach target.The change of weights and deviation each time is all with network by mistake
The impact of difference is directly proportional, and is delivered to each layer in the way of backpropagation.
Rule of thumb analyze, year Windy Days, mean annual cost, year evaporation capacity, relative humidity has with year Sand-dust storm days
Preferably correlation, can be using these four factors as the input factor of year Sand-dust storm days forecast model, with sandstorm day in year
Number is the output factor.In actual BP model is applied, to the factor inputting, exporting all through standardization, to eliminate dimension
Impact.
Further, described far-end control centre, including the computer with Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model.
Further, each data acquisition node, the sensor node of deployment the most near the ground；And/or, Mei Geji
Stand, specially possess computing capability and the large-scale node of sufficient ability supply.
Further, the operation that data are processed by described base station, specifically include pretreatment, be polymerized and compress.
Further, mobile communications nodes includes following characteristics:
(1) the foundation of node motion model and correction
The motion of communication node, the entry condition of employing is:
FD=μm g；
Wherein, μ is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and m is node quality, and g is gravity acceleration value, FDIt is subject to for node
The drag force arrived:
Wherein, u is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and D is node almost spherical diameters, CDFor shape correction
Value, ρgFor node averag density；Additionally, the Navier-Stokes equation that gas motion rule is intended using gas-solid to be coupled describes；
After node starts to move under drag and Action of Gravity Field, its equation of motion can be expressed as:
On the basis of above-mentioned node motion model is set up, compared with communication node actual motion track by experiment
Revise node motion model further, be allowed to more identical with actual conditions；
(2) node Optimal Distribution strategy, i.e. determines quantity and the position distribution of base station and data monitoring node:
In conjunction with node motion model, with reference to the motion track of communication node, find multiple node and meet high-density region；Should
Node meet high-density region be then dispose base station and monitoring node treat favored area；
Cross analysis mobile communication base station siteselecting planning related art method, set up and be suitable for Node distribution site selection model；
In conjunction with above two mode, it is thus achieved that node Optimal Distribution strategy；
(3) node communication strategy
In base station and the broadcast cycle of data acquisition node and scope, no matter communication node moves in which way, only
Can just establish the link by mutual perception signal when meeting with node；
Introducing breakpoint transmission mechanism, it is to avoid the communication disruption caused in data transfer procedure.
Further, step (1) in, described compared further with communication node actual motion track by experiment
Revise the operation of node motion model, specifically include:
Designing the node with GPS chip, be placed in the wind sand environment selected, record node is within one period
Motion track, the joint movements track afterwards computer simulated according to mobility model in contrast, according to experimental result
Correction model parameter, describes, to obtain, the node motion model that precision is higher.
Dust storm based on the wireless sensor network monitoring system of various embodiments of the present invention, is deployed in prison owing to including fixing
Survey in region, for gathering multiple data acquisition nodes of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data, be deployed in monitored area,
The multiple base stations that can process uploading data and report, are placed in monitored area, can move at random under wind-force effect
The dynamic form with opportunistic network and data acquisition node or meet in base station and when meeting from data acquisition node download data or
Download the data obtained is uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station, and processes the data obtained for reclaiming base station in real time and carry out
The far-end control centre processed；Wireless sensor network can be used to accomplish the real-time monitoring to sandstorm, place timely to data
Reason and analysis, the transmission of data is efficient and convenient, and applicable large area is arranged net；Network arrangement is the most fairly simple, difficult for some
With close region, aircraft can be used to disseminate and to arrange net；Such that it is able to overcome, monitored area in prior art is little, data acquisition is smart
Spending low, very flexible and the high defect of cost, to realize, monitored area is big, accuracy of data acquisition is high, flexibility is good and low cost
Advantage.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will illustrate in the following description, and, partly become from specification
Obtain it is clear that or understand by implementing the present invention.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes a part for specification, with the reality of the present invention
Execute example together for explaining the present invention, be not intended that limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is wireless senser based on opportunistic communication in present invention dust storm based on wireless sensor network monitoring system
Network structure；
Fig. 2 is wireless senser based on opportunistic communication in present invention dust storm based on wireless sensor network monitoring system
Network structure detail drawing；
Fig. 3 is the BP network mould of Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model in present invention dust storm based on wireless sensor network monitoring system
Type structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated, it will be appreciated that preferred reality described herein
Execute example be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
In order to make up the defect of traditional monitoring system, the present invention uses novel wireless sensor network to carry out sandstorm
Monitoring and tracking.Use wireless sensor network can accomplish the real-time monitoring to sandstorm, data can be processed in time and
Analyzing, the transmission of data is efficient and convenient, and applicable large area is arranged net.Network arrangement is the most fairly simple, is difficult to connect for some
Near region can use aircraft to disseminate and arrange net.In order to stop sensor node to be blown by dust storm, the present invention can also take one
Fixed fixation, prevents node loss.Node can be with some air of Real-time Collection and sand and dust information, such as: atmospheric pressure, temperature
The information such as degree, humidity, wind speed and sand moisture.Various information datas are sent to far-end control after pre-processing, be polymerized, compressing
Center, far-end control centre utilize existing Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model combine real time data sandstorm is done early warning and dynamically with
Track.
According to embodiments of the present invention, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, it is provided that a kind of dust storm based on wireless sensor network is supervised
Examining system, is deployed in monitored area, for gathering multiple data acquisitions of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data including fixing
Collection node, the multiple base stations being deployed in monitored area, can processing uploading data and report, it is placed on monitored area
In, the form with opportunistic network and data acquisition node can be moved under wind-force effect at random or meet in base station and when meeting
Download data from data acquisition node and maybe download the data obtained is uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station, and return in real time
Receive base station process the data obtained and carry out the far-end control centre processed.Here, the operation that data are processed by base station, specifically
Including pretreatment, it is polymerized and compresses.
Above-mentioned multiple data acquisition node is divided into hierachical network topology structure.In the network topology structure that layering is arranged
In, including many cluster data acquisition node；Multiple data acquisition nodes in cluster data acquisition node, composition can have as far as possible
Effect covers the circulus of monitored area, and leader cluster node is located approximately at the home position of annular place annulus；Many cluster data are adopted
Leader cluster node in collection node, above ground level is deployed in side with the wind, is positioned at the intermediate layer of whole network topology structure, uses polycrystalline
10W solar panel is powered；The leader cluster node in intermediate layer, does not gather data, acts only as the effect of data receiver and forwarding；Bunch
Communication transmitting data between head node, forwards until transferring data to base station nearby through multi-hop, then is reported to far-end by base station
Control centre；Other nodes in addition to leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, closely face administration, is positioned at whole network and opens up
Flutter the bottom of structure, use 2000mAh chargeable lithium cell to power；The data acquisition node of the bottom, is used for gathering data,
And by the data that collect to a bunch head transmission.
Between above-mentioned multiple communication node, it is possible to use the pattern replicating distribution to carry out data forwarding: two communication nodes
When meeting, being exchanged with each other self-contained data, if Data duplication, delete, if differing, storing.Save in each data acquisition
At Dian, it is provided with the bracing means for stoping data acquisition node to be blown by dust storm and prevent data acquisition node from losing.Many
Individual data acquisition node, distributing is fixing to be deployed in monitored area.In far-end control centre, it is provided with and can upload in conjunction with base station
Real-time wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data sandstorm is done early warning and the Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model dynamically followed the tracks of.Far-end control centre,
Including the computer with Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model.Each data acquisition node, the sensor node of deployment the most near the ground；
And/or, each base station, specially possess computing capability and the large-scale node of sufficient ability supply.
In the above-described embodiments, mobile communications nodes includes following characteristics:
(1) the foundation of node motion model and correction
The motion of communication node, the entry condition of employing is:
FD=μm g；
Wherein, μ is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and m is node quality, and g is gravity acceleration value, FDIt is subject to for node
The drag force arrived:
Wherein, u is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, and D is node almost spherical diameters, CDFor shape correction
Value, ρgFor node averag density；Additionally, the Navier-Stokes equation that gas motion rule is intended using gas-solid to be coupled describes；
After node starts to move under drag and Action of Gravity Field, its equation of motion can be expressed as:
On the basis of above-mentioned node motion model is set up, compared with communication node actual motion track by experiment
Revise node motion model further, be allowed to more identical with actual conditions；
Step (1) in, compared by experiment and communication node actual motion track and revise further node motion mould
The operation of type, specifically includes:
Designing the node with GPS chip, be placed in the wind sand environment selected, record node is within one period
Motion track, the joint movements track afterwards computer simulated according to mobility model in contrast, according to experimental result
Correction model parameter, describes, to obtain, the node motion model that precision is higher.
(2) node Optimal Distribution strategy, i.e. determines quantity and the position distribution of base station and data monitoring node:
In conjunction with node motion model, with reference to the motion track of communication node, find multiple node and meet high-density region；Should
Node meet high-density region be then dispose base station and monitoring node treat favored area；
Cross analysis mobile communication base station siteselecting planning related art method, set up and be suitable for Node distribution site selection model；
In conjunction with above two mode, it is thus achieved that node Optimal Distribution strategy；
(3) node communication strategy
In base station and the broadcast cycle of data acquisition node and scope, no matter communication node moves in which way, only
Can just establish the link by mutual perception signal when meeting with node；
Introducing breakpoint transmission mechanism, it is to avoid the communication disruption caused in data transfer procedure.
In view of current dust storm near-earth monitoring mode exists the problems such as monitored area is limited, data precision is limited, the present embodiment
Communication mode based on opportunistic network (Opportunistic Networks) is set up dust storm wireless sensor network and is carried out dust storm
The monitoring (seeing Fig. 1) of motion.That is: fixing several sensor nodes of deployment in monitored area, gather its institute in place respectively
The wind-driven sediment related data put, does not carry out data communication between these monitoring nodes, if but placing in monitored area
Dry can under wind-force effect the communication node of random movement, when these communication nodes are with the form of opportunistic network and monitoring node phase
During chance, Monitoring Data is downloaded, with the base station being deployed in monitored area in the form with chance (possess and necessarily calculate energy equally
Power and the large-scale node of enough energy supply) data are uploaded base station, finally by data record in base station when meeting.Should be based on nothing
The advantage of the dust storm monitoring system of line sensor network is: Monitoring Data is accurate, monitored area is flexible, network robustness is better than
Tradition WSN, cost are less than tradition WSN etc..
Dust storm based on the wireless sensor network monitoring system of above-described embodiment, fast with node high collision probability, neighbours
Speed finds, reliable data transmission is main target.Use sensor node with data transfer mode based on opportunistic communication, utilize
Communication node realizes data and is forwarded to the dust storm sensor networking technology of base station by sensor node, it is ensured that communication node energy
Meet with monitoring node and base station with higher probability, and quickly set up communication link, effectively transmit data, finally realize at wind
Husky experimental situation carries out system checking and Demonstration Application.But in the key issue run into during this, mainly include communication
Node motion model sets up the Optimal Distribution problem of problem, base station and monitoring node, the communication strategy etc. of node, asks for these
The solution that topic is taked:
(1) node motion model
In the above-described embodiments, the motion of communication node is mainly affected by wind sand environment Wind Field rule, and node dispersion
Independent, thus intend from wind-driven sediment discrete particle method, derivation node mobility model in wind field.The grains of sand in surface layer
Stressing conditions and active force expression formula the clearest, the entry condition that the most different researcher uses is different.Here, node
The entry condition that motion uses is:
FD=μm g；
Wherein, FDThe drag force being subject to for node:
Wherein, u is the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand.Additionally, gas motion rule is intended using gas-solid to be coupled
Navier-Stokes equation describes.After node starts to move under drag and Action of Gravity Field, its equation of motion can be expressed as:
On the basis of above-mentioned mobility model is set up, intend comparing with node actual motion track, to revise further
Model, is allowed to more identical with actual conditions.Experimental technique draft into: design with the node of GPS chip, be placed on choosing
In fixed wind sand environment, record node motion track within one period, afterwards computer is simulated according to mobility model
Joint movements track in contrast, according to experimental result correction model parameter, to obtain, the node motion that precision is higher is described
Model.
(2) node Optimal Distribution strategy
In the above-described embodiments, base station and the quantity of monitoring node (data acquisition node), position distribution determination very
Important, it is to ensure that the key that communication node can effectively meet and network cost is controlled.From two angles, first combine node
Mobility model, with reference to the motion track of communication node, finds multiple node and meets high density area, and these regions are then to dispose base station
With monitoring node treat favored area；Then, by analyzing mobile communication base station siteselecting planning related art method, set up and be suitable for joint
Point distribution site selection model.Finally two ways is combined, it is thus achieved that node Optimal Distribution strategy.
(3) node communication strategy
In view of communication node motion random in wind sand environment, behind base station and the broadcast cycle of monitoring node and scope,
Can it have enough time communication then to depend on the movement velocity of communication node with communication node.A kind of simple mode is: nothing
Opinion communication node moves in which way, as long as can just establish the link by mutual perception signal when meeting with node.In order to avoid
The communication disruption caused because of a variety of causes such as node motion in data transfer procedure, introduces breakpoint transmission mechanism.
As in figure 2 it is shown, constructing network topology defers to hierarchical network architecture rule, bottom layout data acquisition node (passes
Sensor node), a bunch of interior data acquisition node makeup ring shape, leader cluster node is located approximately at the center of circle of annular place annulus
Position, bottom layer node only sends data to the leader cluster node at oneself place bunch, and between leader cluster node, forwarding data are to base station, it
Follow-up resume terminal data processing center of delivering to (i.e. far-end control centre).Bottom node is mainly used in gathering data, and will
The data collected are to a bunch head transmission, and the general layout near the ground of acquisition node, it is simple to gather data, power supply uses capacity less
Battery.It is positioned at the acquisition node of same bunch, can artificially be arranged to ring-type, accomplish the most effectively to cover monitored area.
The one-way typically occurred in view of sandstorm, bunch head is arranged in the side with the wind of acquisition node, be so easy to data collection and
Follow the tracks of sandstorm.Leader cluster node is positioned at the intermediate layer of whole network, does not gather data, acts only as the work of data receiver and forwarding
With.Play vital effect in a network due to leader cluster node, it is certain that the position of general leader cluster node exceeds earth's surface
Distance, in order to avoid being buried by sandstorm, uses polycrystalline 10W solar panel to power, it is ensured that leader cluster node can persistently work simultaneously.
Communication transmitting data between leader cluster node, forwards until transferring data to base station nearby through multi-hop.
Additionally, use the pattern replicating distribution to carry out data forwarding between communication node.When two communication nodes meet
Being exchanged with each other self-contained data, if Data duplication, delete, if differing, storing.Guarantee monitoring node in this way
The data gathered have high probability to be forwarded to base station.Finally, by sending the most scattered to the data of base station with upper type
In a jumble, base station complete corresponding data to process.
Dust storm based on the wireless sensor network monitoring system of above-described embodiment, will have the WSN of broad prospect of application
It is applied to the monitoring of wind-driven sediment near-earth, and sets up WSN in the way of based on opportunistic communication, to realize in environment complicated and changeable
The target carried out data transmission.System should be monitored by dust storm based on wireless sensor network, have the following characteristics that
(1) a kind of wind-driven sediment near-earth monitoring technology is proposed: use sensor node as data acquisition equipment, utilize logical
The chance that letter node meets between base station with sensor node at random is set up and is communicated and forward data, finally realizes data by passing
Sensor node transmits to base station；
(2) a kind of WSN networking model is proposed: this pattern is different from traditional WSN, and nodes does not exist end-to-end road
Footpath, forms, by the way of motion, chance of meeting between node, completes the forwarding transmission of data.
When being embodied as, the dust storm based on wireless sensor network of above-described embodiment monitoring system, including hardware and soft
Two aspects of part, first enumerate in Table 1 by each hardware component and software main modular:
Table 1: software and hardware forms
Hardware realizes mainly being made up of monitoring node (sensor node), base station, communication node, wherein monitoring node and base
Station location is fixed, and communication node moving direction main monitored area Characteristics of Wind Field affects.Hardware includes that one has 30
The network environment of sensor node composition and Linux, Windows Software Development Platform and high-performance calculation platform, Yi Jiji
IBM16CPU group system, router and some PC in X86 platform.Wherein in sensor node, transport module model is main
For micaz and iris of crossbow company, OEM module is iris M2110, and sensor is MTS300, and development board (is i.e. developed
Platform) it is MIB510 and MIB520.
Remote environment-monitoring system (Opportunistic Networks under software aspects, mainly opportunistic network
Environment Monitoring System, ONEMS), application Gauss model and backward location mode improve node further
Location algorithm and strategy.ONEMS is environmental monitoring system based on opportunistic network, and this system is for gathering the ring in wind sand environment
Border data, and transmit data to the server of far-end, and by Internet provide a user with Monitoring Data, monitoring position with
And the inquiry of routed path.Wherein the inquiry of data includes the inquiry of historical data and real time data, and user can be by clear
Real time data and the historical data of each node of monitored area checked in the way of a kind of What You See Is What You Get easily by device of looking at；Due to
Native system is developed based on Google Map map, and therefore user can be visually observed that monitored area by this system
Node distribution situation, including the longitude and latitude of node and the relative position in monitored area.
In sum, dust storm based on the wireless sensor network monitoring system of the various embodiments described above of the present invention, base is proposed
Communication mode in opportunistic network (Opportunistic Networks) is set up dust storm wireless sensor network and is carried out dust storm fortune
The basic thought of dynamic monitoring.That is: in monitored area, fixing several sensor nodes of disposing gather its position respectively
Wind-driven sediment related data, does not carry out data communication between these monitoring nodes, but place in monitored area some can
The communication node of random movement under wind-force effect, will prison when these communication nodes meet with monitoring node with the form of chance
Survey data are downloaded, and (possess certain computing capability and abundance in the form with chance with the base station being deployed in monitored area equally
The large-scale node of energy supply) data are uploaded base station, finally by data record in base station when meeting.
In the dust storm monitoring system based on wireless sensor network of above-described embodiment, this employing in wind sand environment
The method advantage that wireless sensor network based on opportunistic communication is monitored is:
(1) sensor node can the data on the spot of its region of precise acquisition；
The most not by many restrictions during manual measurement, monitored area is dynamically adapted；
(3) cost significantly reduces compared with tradition WSN；
(4) the form utilizing communication node and monitoring node and base station chance to meet carries out data transmission, and is independent of tradition
Needing all multinodes to set up the transmission path of multi-hop in WSN, Survivabilities of Networks is strengthened；
(5) data sender is full decoupled with recipient, and node is also without safeguarding that any routing iinformation can realize chance
Networking also carries out data transmission.
Finally it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention,
Although being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, it still may be used
So that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments to be modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent.
All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. dust storm based on a wireless sensor network monitoring system, it is characterised in that include fixing being deployed in monitored area
In, for gathering multiple data acquisition nodes of position wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data, be deployed in monitored area, can be right
Upload multiple base stations that data carry out processing and reporting, be placed in monitored area, can move with machine at random under wind-force effect
Can network form and data acquisition node or meeting in base station and downloads data when meeting from data acquisition node maybe will download
The data obtained is uploaded to multiple communication nodes of base station, and processes what the data obtained carrying out processed for reclaiming base station in real time
Far-end control centre, the plurality of data acquisition node is divided into hierachical network topology structure, and the network that described layering is arranged is opened up
Flutter in structure, including many cluster data acquisition node；
Multiple data acquisition nodes in cluster data acquisition node, composition can the most effectively cover the ring-type of monitored area
Structure, leader cluster node is located approximately at the home position of annular place annulus；
Leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, above ground level is deployed in side with the wind, is positioned at whole network topology structure
Intermediate layer, uses polycrystalline 10W solar panel to power；The leader cluster node in intermediate layer, does not gather data, acts only as data receiver
With the effect forwarded；Communication transmitting data between leader cluster node, forwards until transferring data to base station nearby through multi-hop, then by
Base station reports to far-end control centre；
Other nodes in addition to leader cluster node in many cluster data acquisition node, closely face administration, be positioned at whole network topology knot
The bottom of structure, uses 2000mAh chargeable lithium cell to power；The data acquisition node of the bottom, is used for gathering data, and will
The data collected are to a bunch head transmission.
Dust storm based on wireless sensor network the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, it is characterised in that the plurality of
Between communication node, it is possible to use the pattern replicating distribution to carry out data forwarding: when two communication nodes meet, be exchanged with each other certainly
Body carries data, if Data duplication, deletes, if differing, stores.
3. monitoring system according to the dust storm based on wireless sensor network according to any one of claim 1-2, its feature exists
In, at each data acquisition node, it is provided with for stoping data acquisition node to be blown by dust storm and preventing data acquisition from saving
The bracing means that point is lost；
The plurality of data acquisition node, distributing is fixing to be deployed in monitored area.
4. monitoring system according to the dust storm based on wireless sensor network according to any one of claim 1-2, its feature exists
In, in described far-end control centre, it is provided with and sandstorm can be done pre-in conjunction with the real-time wind-driven sediment Monitoring Data that base station is uploaded
Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model that is alert and that dynamically follow the tracks of；
Described far-end control centre, including the computer with Sand-Dust Storm Forecasting Model.
5. monitoring system according to the dust storm based on wireless sensor network according to any one of claim 1-2, its feature exists
In, each data acquisition node, the sensor node of deployment the most near the ground；And/or, each base station, specially possess meter
Calculation ability and the large-scale node of sufficient ability supply.
6. monitor system according to the dust storm based on wireless sensor network described in any one of claim 1-2, it is characterised in that
The operation that data are processed by described base station, specifically includes pretreatment, is polymerized and compresses.
7. monitoring system according to the dust storm based on wireless sensor network described in any one of claim 1-2, its feature exists
Following characteristics is included in, mobile communications nodes:
(1) the foundation of node motion model and correction
The motion of communication node, the entry condition of employing is:
；
Wherein,For the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, m is node quality, and g is gravity acceleration value,It is subject to for node
The drag force arrived:
；
Wherein,For the coefficient of friction between node and the grains of sand, D is node almost spherical diameters,For shape correction value,For node averag density；Additionally, the Navier-Stokes equation that gas motion rule is intended using gas-solid to be coupled describes；Joint
After point starts to move under drag and Action of Gravity Field, its equation of motion can be expressed as:
；
On the basis of above-mentioned node motion model is set up, compared into one by experiment and communication node actual motion track
Step revises node motion model, is allowed to more identical with actual conditions；
(2) node Optimal Distribution strategy, i.e. determines quantity and the position distribution of base station and data monitoring node:
In conjunction with node motion model, with reference to the motion track of communication node, find multiple node and meet high-density region；This node
The high-density region that meets be then dispose base station and monitoring node treat favored area；
By analyzing mobile communication base station siteselecting planning related art method, set up and be suitable for Node distribution site selection model；
In conjunction with above two mode, it is thus achieved that node Optimal Distribution strategy；
(3) node communication strategy
In base station and the broadcast cycle of data acquisition node and scope, no matter communication node moves in which way, as long as
Can just establish the link by mutual perception signal when meeting with node；
Introducing breakpoint transmission mechanism, it is to avoid the communication disruption caused in data transfer procedure.
Dust storm based on wireless sensor network the most according to claim 7 monitoring system, it is characterised in that in step (1)
In, described being compared by experiment and communication node actual motion track revises the operation of node motion model further, tool
Body includes:
Design the node with GPS chip, be placed in the wind sand environment selected, record node shifting within one period
Dynamic track, the joint movements track afterwards computer simulated according to mobility model in contrast, according to experimental result correction
Model parameter, describes, to obtain, the node motion model that precision is higher.
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