CN203398140U - 光伏旁路器件及应用该器件的保护电路、接线盒及发电系统 - Google Patents

光伏旁路器件及应用该器件的保护电路、接线盒及发电系统 Download PDF

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CN203398140U
CN203398140U CN201320486370.1U CN201320486370U CN203398140U CN 203398140 U CN203398140 U CN 203398140U CN 201320486370 U CN201320486370 U CN 201320486370U CN 203398140 U CN203398140 U CN 203398140U
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冯春阳
戴胜强
高圣超
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ZHEJIANG MEIJING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及太阳能发电技术，特别涉及光伏旁路器件及应用该器件的保护电路、接线盒及发电系统。本实用新型是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：光伏旁路器件，包括塑封体、设于所述塑封体的旁路二极管芯片、裸露于所述塑封体外的散热片及设于所述旁路二极管芯片与所述散热片之间且实现所述旁路二极管与所述散热片电气绝缘的高导热陶瓷基片；所述陶瓷基片的一表面上设有用于焊接所述旁路二极管芯片的焊盘一；所述陶瓷基片另一表面上设有用于焊接所述散热片的焊盘二。本实用新型具有良好的散热效果。

Description

光伏旁路器件及应用该器件的保护电路、接线盒及发电系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及太阳能发电技术，特别涉及光伏旁路器件及应用该器件的保护电路、接线盒及发电系统。
背景技术
进入21世纪以来，以太阳能为代表的光伏新能源产业取得了突飞猛进的发展；为了提高当前太阳能发电系统的可靠性，克服太阳能电池组件不可回避的“热班”效应，工业界采用的方式是为之提供旁路保护，如每12-24片串联连接的电池片提供一个旁路通路。
美国亚利桑那州立大学光伏测试实验室G Tamizh Mani等人在“Photovoltaics International”杂志2008年8月发表文章“Failure Analysis of Design Qualification Testing 2005 vs.2007”指出：根据IEC61215/IEEE1262标准，对1997-2005年间安装在现场的1200个组件，以及2005-2007年间安装在现场的1000个组件，进行重新测试发现：旁路二极管相关的失效率表现为：1997-2005年间约为4%，而2005-2007年间约为31%；主要表现为热应力引起近年来旁路二极管的失效率急剧增加。
上述发现，其原因在于：在太阳能光伏产业发展的早期，由于电池片尺寸较小、电池片的光电转换效率较低等原因，电池组件的工作电流比较小，故早期的旁路二极管通常采用PN结整流二极管；近年来，在巨大市场需求驱动下，太阳能光伏产业链相关领域技术快速进步，电池片的尺寸越来越大，电池片的光电转换效率越来越高，如美国Sunpower公司的背接触电池片商业化转换效率已经达到22%以上,导致电池组件的工作电流已经达到10A的数量级；如再采用PN结整流二极管，其在旁路工作状态下的功耗将达到10W以上，PN结旁路二极管将不能承受自身的热功耗，因此近年来，工业界已经将旁路二极管改为正向压降更低的肖特基Schottky整流二极管替代；典型的肖特基整流二极管在10A下的正向压降约0.5V左右，因此功耗在5W左右，然而此功耗仍然是一个很高的功耗，对旁路二极管的可靠性提出了严峻的考验。
随着技术的进步，未来电池片尺寸进一步变大，光电转换效率将进一步提高，电池组件工作电流进一步加大，上述旁路二极管的发热问题，将变得更加严重，进而产生严重的可靠性问题。
造成旁路二极管近年来高失效率的主要原因，是由于对太阳能光伏发电各种运行工况下，其旁路二极管器件芯片设计不论是PN结整流二极管还是Schottky整流二极管、器件封装设计，以及太阳能接线盒结构热、电设计不合理导致的，因此所谓太阳能组件寿命25-30年的承诺形同虚设。
 如授权公开号为CN201038138Y的实用新型专利公开的一种光伏二极管中所涉及的由新型铝材料制成封装外壳形成的铝壳金属腔，腔内部填充高导热封装树脂，肖特基结封装在高导热树脂内；铝合金的热导率在120-180W/m-c之间，纯铝的热导率为220W/m-c；而业界通常采用的高导热封装树脂，其热导率在2.0 W/m-c左右，即肖特基结发热源发出的热量，传递到导热良好的铝外壳，需要通过导热并不理想的封装树脂，进行热传导，尽管在上述专利文献中称为高导热封装树脂，但这是相对其它导热树脂而言，事实上，铝和树脂的热导率相差近100倍，封装在树脂内的肖特基结的发热并不能有效的传递到铝金属外壳，因此达不到上述专利文献所宣称的“可有效的降低结温”的效果，在太阳能电池片发电的各种运行工况下，则易产生热可靠性问题；且如果其引线与铝壳金属腔连接，则铝壳金属腔带电，则导热、导电无法分离。
又如授权公开号为CN202076248U的实用新型专利所提出的一种二极管的散热结构，其通过在二极管引线根部增大铜质引线局部面积在一定程度上改善其散热性；但是如果在光伏接线盒的实际应用下，二极管被置于密闭性非常好的接线盒内，内部产生对流效果极其有限，因此也达不到所称的有效对流散热的效果。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供光伏旁路器件，它具有良好的散热效果。
本实用新型的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：光伏旁路器件，包括塑封体、设于所述塑封体的旁路二极管芯片、裸露于所述塑封体外的散热片及设于所述旁路二极管芯片与所述散热片之间且实现所述旁路二极管与所述散热片电气绝缘的高导热陶瓷基片；所述陶瓷基片的一表面上设有用于焊接所述旁路二极管芯片的焊盘一；所述陶瓷基片另一表面上设有用于焊接所述散热片的焊盘二。
为满足光伏接线盒的特殊应用下要求，即按EN50548:2011标准，需要进行加强脉冲绝缘测试，并达到16kV1.2/50μs，因此，本实用新型采用电气绝缘性能较高的高导热陶瓷基片，从而实现导热与导电的分离；高导热陶瓷基片一般采用Al2O3或者AlN陶瓷基片；Al2O3陶瓷基片在纯度为96%-99.5%的情况下，其导热系数为21-32W/m-c；AlN陶瓷基片的导热系数为130-220W/m-c；因此，分别是高导热封装树脂的10-15倍和60-100倍，因此，Al2O3或者AlN陶瓷基片具有更优良的导热效率；焊盘的材质一般为铜或银，也具有极好的导热系数，焊接旁路二极管芯片时采用的焊料，一般为铅锡焊料，如含有60%Sn40%Pb的铅锡焊料，其导热系数为50W/m-c，是高导热封装树脂的25倍；同时，散热片也具有极高的导热系数，一般采用纯铜制散热片，其导热系数为386W/m-c；因此，本实用新型采用具有高导热性能的材料，在本实用新型独特的结构下，尽可能地将塑封体内旁路二极管芯片的发热量传导至塑封体外，从而有效改善了现有技术中旁路二极管的散热效果，本实用新型的主要热传导路径为旁路二极管芯片-焊料-焊盘-陶瓷基片-焊盘-散热片-塑封体外。
作为本实用新型的优选，所述散热片上设有热沉。
由于本实用新型引入高导热电绝缘陶瓷基片，从而实现导电、导热的分离；因此，为进一步提高散热效果，可以在散热片上设置热沉；在光伏接线盒应用中，由于热、电分离设计，可以再进一步的在接线盒外设置散热片，从而直接将热量发散到接线盒外面而同时满足接线盒的电绝缘等安全性等级要求。
作为本实用新型的优选，所述该种旁路器件还包括电连接于所述旁路二极管芯片并延伸至所述塑封体外的引线一与引线二。
引线为铜线。
作为本实用新型的优选，所述引线一设于所述焊盘一。
作为本实用新型的优选，所述引线二与所述旁路二极管芯片之间通过连接跳线电连接。
连接跳线的材质为金属铜。
作为本实用新型的优选，所述引线二设于所述旁路二极管芯片上。
作为本实用新型的优选，所述陶瓷基片设有所述焊盘一的表面上还设有焊盘三，所述引线二电连接于所述焊盘三；所述旁路二极管与焊盘三之间通过连接跳线电连接。
本实用新型的另一目的在于提供光伏电池组件旁路保护电路，包括如前述技术方案所述的光伏旁路器件。
本实用新型的再另一目的在于提供光伏接线盒，包括如前述技术方案所述的光伏旁路器件。
本实用新型的再另一目的还在于提供光伏发电系统，包括如前述技术方案所述的光伏旁路器件。 
综上所述，本实用新型具有以下有益效果：本实用新型结构简单，易于实施；并具有良好的散热性能，从而有效提高旁路二极管的使用寿命，提高了旁路二极管芯片、采用旁路二极管的光伏接线盒、以及采用光伏接线盒的光伏发电系统的可靠性。
附图说明
图1是实施例1纵向剖视图；
图2是实施例1横向剖视图；
图3是实施例2纵向剖视图；
图4是实施例2横向剖视图；
图5是实施例3纵向剖视图；
图6是实施例3横向剖视图。
图中，1、塑封体，2、陶瓷基片，21、焊盘一，22、焊盘二，23、焊盘三，3、旁路二极管芯片，31、连接跳线，4、散热片，51、引线一，52、引线二。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本实用新型作进一步详细说明。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本实用新型的解释，其并不是对本实用新型的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本实用新型的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
实施例1：一种光伏旁路器件，如图1-2所示，包括塑封体1及都塑封于塑封体1内的Al2O3陶瓷基片2、设于陶瓷基片2一表面上的焊盘一21、焊接于焊盘一21的旁路二极管芯片3，陶瓷基片2的另一表面设有焊盘二22，焊盘二22上焊接且裸露于塑封体1外的散热片4，为进一步提高散热效果，在散热片4上设有热沉。
焊盘一21上焊接有延伸至塑封体1外的引线一51；旁路二极管芯片3焊接连接跳线31的一端，连接跳线31的另一端焊接有延伸至塑封体1外的引线二52。
焊盘一21及焊盘二22的材质采用铜或银；焊接采用的焊料为铅锡焊料，如含有60%Sn40%Pb的铅锡焊料；散热片4的材质为铜，连接跳线31的材质为铜。
实施例2：另一种光伏旁路器件，如图3-4所示，包括塑封体1及都塑封于塑封体1内的Al2O3陶瓷基片2、设于陶瓷基片2一表面上的焊盘一21、焊接于焊盘一21的旁路二极管芯片3，陶瓷基片2的另一表面设有焊盘二22，焊盘二22上焊接且裸露于塑封体1外的散热片4，为进一步提高散热效果，在散热片4上设有热沉。
焊盘一21上焊接有延伸至塑封体1外的引线一51；旁路二极管芯片3上焊接有延伸至塑封体1外的引线二52。
焊盘一21及焊盘二22的材质采用铜或银；焊接采用的焊料为铅锡焊料，如含有60%Sn40%Pb的铅锡焊料；散热片4的材质为铜。
实施例3：再另一种光伏旁路器件，如图5-6所示，包括塑封体1及都塑封于塑封体1内的Al2O3陶瓷基片2、设于陶瓷基片2一表面上的焊盘一21、焊接于焊盘一21的旁路二极管芯片3，陶瓷基片2的另一表面设有焊盘二22，焊盘二22上焊接且裸露于塑封体1外的散热片4，为进一步提高散热效果，在散热片4上设有热沉。
焊盘一21上焊接有延伸至塑封体1外的引线一51；陶瓷基片2设有焊盘一21的表面上还设有焊盘三23，焊盘23上焊接有延伸至塑封体1外的引线二52；旁路二极管3与焊盘三23之间通过焊接连接跳线31实现电连接。
焊盘一21及焊盘二22的材质采用铜或银；焊接采用的焊料为铅锡焊料，如含有60%Sn40%Pb的铅锡焊料；散热片4的材质为铜，连接跳线31的材质为铜。
实施例4：与实施例1或2或3的不同之处在于，陶瓷基片为AlN陶瓷基片，或者其它高导热性电绝缘陶瓷基片。
实施例5：光伏电池组件旁路保护电路，包括实施例1。
实施例6：光伏电池组件旁路保护电路，包括实施例2。
实施例7：光伏电池组件旁路保护电路，包括实施例3。
实施例8：光伏电池组件旁路保护电路，包括实施例4。
实施例9：光伏接线盒，包括实施例1。
实施例10：光伏接线盒，包括实施例2。
实施例11：光伏接线盒，包括实施例3。
实施例12：光伏接线盒，包括实施例4。
实施例13：光伏发电系统，包括实施例1。
实施例14：光伏发电系统，包括实施例2。
实施例15：光伏发电系统，包括实施例3。
实施例16：光伏发电系统，包括实施例4。

Claims (10)

1.光伏旁路器件，其特征在于，包括塑封体（1）、设于所述塑封体（1）的旁路二极管芯片（3）、裸露于所述塑封体（1）外的散热片（4）及设于所述旁路二极管芯片（3）与所述散热片（4）之间且实现所述旁路二极管（3）与所述散热片（4）电气绝缘的高导热陶瓷基片（2）；所述陶瓷基片（2）的一表面上设有用于焊接所述旁路二极管芯片（3）的焊盘一（21）；所述陶瓷基片（2）另一表面上设有用于焊接所述散热片（4）的焊盘二（22）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏旁路器件，其特征在于，所述散热片（4）上设有热沉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏旁路器件，其特征在于，所述该种旁路器件还包括电连接于所述旁路二极管芯片（3）并延伸至所述塑封体（1）外的引线一（51）与引线二（52）。
4.根据权利要求3所述的光伏旁路器件，其特征在于，所述引线一（51）设于所述焊盘一（21）。
5.根据权利要求4所述的光伏旁路器件，其特征在于，所述引线二（52）与所述旁路二极管芯片（3）之间通过连接跳线（31）电连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的光伏旁路器件，其特征在于，所述引线二（52）设于所述旁路二极管芯片（3）上。
7.根据权利要求4所述的光伏旁路器件，其特征在于，所述陶瓷基片（2）设有所述焊盘一（21）的表面上还设有焊盘三（23），所述引线二（52）电连接于所述焊盘三（23）；所述旁路二极管（3）与焊盘三（23）之间通过连接跳线（31）电连接。
8.光伏电池组件旁路保护电路，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1所述的光伏旁路器件。
9.光伏接线盒，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1所述的光伏旁路器件。
10.光伏发电系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1所述的光伏旁路器件。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103413851A (zh) * 2013-08-10 2013-11-27 冯春阳 光伏旁路器件及应用该器件的保护电路、接线盒及发电系统
CN108010975A (zh) * 2017-12-30 2018-05-08 常州星海电子股份有限公司 一种太阳能发电组件用旁路二极管

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103413851A (zh) * 2013-08-10 2013-11-27 冯春阳 光伏旁路器件及应用该器件的保护电路、接线盒及发电系统
CN108010975A (zh) * 2017-12-30 2018-05-08 常州星海电子股份有限公司 一种太阳能发电组件用旁路二极管
CN108010975B (zh) * 2017-12-30 2024-01-26 常州星海电子股份有限公司 一种太阳能发电组件用旁路二极管

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