CN203329718U - Plasma high-temperature pyrolysis reaction kettle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a plasma high-temperature pyrolysis reaction kettle, which mainly comprises a reaction kettle body (1), an electrode lifting structure (2), a feeding structure (3) and a metal melt discharge valve (4), wherein the reaction kettle body is a graphite crucible type, and has lining structures made from a plurality of materials from outside to inside; the transmission way of an internal bracket lifting lead screw is adopted by the electrode lifting structure (2); the feeding structure (3) is structurally formed by a hopper (31) and a channel (33) with a screw body (32). The plasma high-temperature pyrolysis reaction kettle is compact in structure, low in manufacture cost, easy to popularize, and simple to use, maintain and repair.

Description

Plasma Pintsch process reactor

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of reactor, especially this reactor utilizes the high temperature of plasma high-temperature cracking, in the environment of anaerobic, the organic substance decomposing in refuse is become to hydrogen and sour gas, metal in refuse is melted and excretes recycling, after the inorganic matter fusing, excretes the plasma Pintsch process reactor that is cooled to class lava glass body.

Background technology

Along with modernized society's develop rapidly, environmental pollution is more and more serious, in factory, a lot of material is large in the variety is harmful or is with poisonous, the high-risk electronic waste particularly produced under the high-tech technology, can not adopt simple burning or bury, otherwise can produce a large amount of dioxin-like chemicals, contain the materials such as virose garbage flying ash and absorbent formation multiple toxicant Pb, Cd, Hg, all can serious environment pollution.Or perhaps traditional landfill method and burning method, because secondary pollution, migration effect and poor efficiency have been subject in serious challenge, particularly burning process producing the great attention that more highly toxic many chloros dibenzo dioxin (PCDDs) and the secondary pollution problem of many chloros dibenzofurans (PCDFs) all are subject to countries in the world.Especially high-risk electronic waste, each state has all formulated the laws and regulations of nonimportation, and this just requires must this class dangerous garbage of localization process.Add supply of electric power increasingly abundant, therefore, over nearly 20 years, Britain, Germany, the former Soviet Union, the U.S., France and the World Developed Countries such as Japanese have almost been carried out the research of plasma cracking simultaneously, and have obtained challenging PRELIMINARY RESULTS.

It is a kind of brand-new method that the application plasma technique is processed dangerous refuse, selects dissimilar working gas can make plasma system be operated in oxidation, under the environment of reduction and inertia.Different working environments has different functions, and as oxidative environment is commonly used to abolish organic hazardous waste, the reproducibility environment is commonly used to extract metal.In hot plasma Pintsch process process, except the hot plasma generator itself has continuous operation, easily controls, capacity usage ratio is high, can reach excessive temperature, also make this process have: to oversimplify and catalyst-free, the reaction and heat transmission equipment is little, small investment, the transient state of plasma and various active particle can obtain unique advantages such as utilization.

Plasma high-temperature cracking reaction still can be processed the waste electronic wiring board and contain outside non-ferrous metal, heavy metal, precious metal catalyst discarded object, can also be applied to waste battery, containing the Polychlorinated biphenyls refuse, clinical waste, useless medicine, organic resin class refuse, incinerator flying dust, asbestos, radwaste, organic solvent, explosive refuse, the multiple poisonous and harmful refuse such as chemical and biological weapons.

The principle of plasma high-temperature cracking reaction still is to utilize the high temperature of heat plasma, the organic substance decomposing in refuse is become to hydrogen-rich gas and a small amount of sour gas in the environment of non-oxidation; Metal molten in refuse, discharge the body of heater recoverable; The cooling class lava glass body that becomes after the discharge body of heater after the inorganic matter fusing, this material has not filterability, can by poisonous heavy metals immobilization therein, can be used as construction material.It is a kind of high-temperature heat treatment process that is different from burning, adopt the use of non-combustion technology (without passing into air) and electric energy, make the gas flow of generation seldom (only be produced by organic substance decomposing, quantity be burning method produce the tail gas amount 1/10), thereby very waste gas is processed on high-efficiency cleaning ground, thereby reach " zero " discharge, obtain the clean clean energy---hydrogen-rich gas simultaneously.

The temperature of plasma reaches 3000 ℃～10000 ℃, and due to synthetic catalyst of metal oxide Shi bioxin such as Cu, Ni, and the complete cracking temperature of bioxin is more than 900 ℃.Obviously, at plasma arcs Xia violent hot conditions bioxin do not exist.Due in the whole process of plasma arcs Pintsch process, be that the metal oxides such as Cu, Ni that going back of anaerobic anoxic carried out under the protohydrogen environment also do not exist again, for bioxin, nothing catalyzes and synthesizes chance.Thus, the plasma arcs high-temperature cracking method is processed the poisonous and harmful danger wastes, eliminates the trump to success of the titles bioxin of 21 century " virus ", and the while is also and other aerobic incinerating methods one of fundamental difference of insurmountable secondary pollution problem at all.

Summary of the invention

According to background technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of reactor that utilizes plasma high-temperature cracking reaction still sealing system structure to form be comprised of reactor kettle, rise fall of electrodes structure, feeding structure and drain valve, processes safely, thoroughly dangerous discarded object in hot environment.

To achieve these goals, the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of plasma Pintsch process reactor, mainly by reactor kettle (1), rise fall of electrodes structure (2), feeding structure (3) and metal bath drain valve (4) form, wherein: reactor kettle (1) and liner thereof adopt high temperature resistant graphite crucible ecto-entad setting, reactor Fu body (1) divides 5 layers, is followed successively by from outside to inside box hat (11), alumina silicate fibre moulding carpet veneer (12), polycrystalline mullite fibre layer (13), alumina hollow ball mould brick layer (14), graphite crucible layer (15) and zirconia layer (16); The top of reactor Fu body (1) arranges rise fall of electrodes structure (2), adopts kettle internal electrode carriage elevating screw transmission forms of motion; Feeding structure (3) is arranged on a side on reactor kettle (1) top, adopts the peaceful structure that is equipped with the passage (33) of conveyor screw (32) of hopper (31) of charging vertically downward to form; Metal bath discharge and the cooling segment of metal bath drain valve (4), ecto-entad is by aluminium oxide ceramics layer (41), copper induction coil (42), beryllium oxide ceramics pipe (43) and the graphite mouth of a river (44) formation;

Described alumina silicate fibre moulding carpet veneer (12) is outermost layer in box hat, selects the alumina silicate fibre shaping felt, 1050 ℃～1200 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, diameter 1150mm;

Described polycrystalline mullite fibre layer (13) is selected polycrystalline mullite fibre, 1500 ℃～1600 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, intended diameter 800mm;

Described alumina bubble brick layer (14) selective oxidation aluminium hollow ball brick, 1600 ℃～1800 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, intended diameter 700mm;

Described zirconia layer (16) is innermost layer in box hat, selects cylindrical shape oxidation zirconium lining brick, and serviceability temperature is more than 2200 ℃, intended diameter 400mm.

Owing to having adopted technique scheme, the utlity model has following advantage and effect:

1, the utility model cracking reaction still Fu top arranges the striking auxiliary electrode, and solving can't starting problem because covering cold Fu that the insulating glass body causes above at the bottom of Fu, overcomes rise problem at the bottom of Fu simultaneously; Adopt graphite electrode, thoroughly eliminate water cooling plasma gun short life and can not the quantity-produced problem; Adopt the thorough cracking technique of high-temperature plasma arc technology Shi dioxins materials, will promote undoubtedly the development of persistent organism innoxious process for treating;

2, the utility model Fu body adopts special extreme temperature refractory to build by laying bricks or stones to form; Charging and rise fall of electrodes adopt special air-tight manner, guarantee that burner hearth is the thorough Pintsch process organic-inorganic of negative-pressure reduction atmosphere poisonous waste; Tail gas is that the micro-molecular gas of environmentally safe is discharged body of heater from passage separately;

3, the utility model compact conformation, working service and repairing are simple and easy.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the utility model structure collectivity schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the utility model reactor feeding structure schematic diagram;

Fig. 3 is the utility model inner liner of reaction kettle hoop distribution schematic diagram;

Fig. 4 is metal bath drain valve and cooling segment schematic diagram in the utility model reactor.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further illustrated:

By Fig. 1, illustrated, a kind of plasma Pintsch process reactor, mainly by reactor kettle 1, rise fall of electrodes structure 2, feeding structure 3 and metal bath drain valve 4 form.

Reactor kettle 1 is the graphite crucible type, and Fu body and liner thereof adopt high temperature resistant graphite crucible ecto-entad setting.

As shown in Figure 3, Fu body of the present utility model divides 5 layers, is followed successively by from outside to inside: box hat 11, alumina silicate fibre shaping felt 12, polycrystalline mullite fibre 13, alumina hollow ball mould brick 14, graphite crucible layer 15 and cylinder type zirconia lining brick 16; The temperature of inwall is 2000 ℃, and the box hat inwall is set as 55 ℃.Wherein:

(1) reactor alumina silicate fibre moulding carpet veneer, this layer is outermost layer in box hat, selects the alumina silicate fibre shaping felt, 1050 ℃～1200 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, diameter 1150mm;

(2) polycrystalline mullite fibre layer, this layer is for there being the outer second layer inwards in box hat, and this layer is selected polycrystalline mullite fibre, 1500 ℃～1600 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, intended diameter 800mm;

(3) alumina bubble brick layer, this layer is for having outer the 3rd layer inwards, this layer of selective oxidation aluminium hollow ball brick, 1600 ℃～1800 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, intended diameter 700mm in box hat;

(4) graphite crucible layer, this layer is for there being outer the 4th layer inwards in box hat;

(5) zirconia layer, this layer is for there being outer layer 5 inwards in box hat, and this layer is innermost layer, selection cylindrical shape oxidation zirconium lining brick, serviceability temperature is more than 2200 ℃, intended diameter 400mm.

Rise fall of electrodes relies on the motion mode of electrode bracket, due to reasons such as lead screw transmission are steady, self-locking property is good, rising or falling speed is controlled, rise fall of electrodes structure 2 therefore of the present utility model adopts kettle internal electrode carriage elevating screw transmission forms of motion to be arranged at the top of reactor Fu body 1; Motor reducer is selected and operational factor is determined according to concrete material, speed ratio 10 left and right, and rotating speed is 100～20r/min approximately, leading screw pitch 7mm left and right, rising or falling speed 11.7～2.34mm/s left and right gets final product.

As shown in Figure 2, feeding structure 3 system forms are not limit, as long as do not affect the reactor sealing in the reactor course of reaction, the present invention is helical conveyer system, feeding structure 3 is arranged on a side on reactor kettle 1 top, adopts the peaceful structure that is equipped with the passage 33 of conveyor screw 32 of hopper 31 of charging vertically downward to form.

As shown in Figure 4, the discharge of the metal bath of metal bath drain valve 4 and cooling segment, ecto-entad consists of aluminium oxide ceramics layer 41, copper induction coil 42, beryllium oxide ceramics pipe 43 and the graphite mouth of a river 44.

Claims (5)

1. a plasma Pintsch process reactor, mainly by reactor kettle (1), rise fall of electrodes structure (2), feeding structure (3) and metal bath drain valve (4) form, it is characterized in that: reactor kettle (1) and liner thereof adopt high temperature resistant graphite crucible ecto-entad setting, reactor Fu body (1) divides 5 layers, is followed successively by from outside to inside box hat (11), alumina silicate fibre moulding carpet veneer (12), polycrystalline mullite fibre layer (13), alumina hollow ball mould brick layer (14), graphite crucible layer (15) and zirconia layer (16); The top of reactor Fu body (1) arranges rise fall of electrodes structure (2), adopts kettle internal electrode carriage elevating screw transmission forms of motion; Feeding structure (3) is arranged on a side on reactor kettle (1) top, adopts the peaceful structure that is equipped with the passage (33) of conveyor screw (32) of hopper (31) of charging vertically downward to form; Metal bath discharge and the cooling segment of metal bath drain valve (4), ecto-entad is by aluminium oxide ceramics layer (41), copper induction coil (42), beryllium oxide ceramics pipe (43) and the graphite mouth of a river (44) formation.

2. plasma Pintsch process reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described alumina silicate fibre moulding carpet veneer (12) is outermost layer in box hat, selects the alumina silicate fibre shaping felt, 1050 ℃～1200 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, diameter 1150mm.

3. plasma Pintsch process reactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described polycrystalline mullite fibre layer (13) selection polycrystalline mullite fibre, 1500 ℃～1600 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, intended diameter 800mm.

4. plasma Pintsch process reactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described alumina bubble brick layer (14) selective oxidation aluminium hollow ball brick, 1600 ℃～1800 ℃ of serviceability temperatures, intended diameter 700mm.

5. plasma Pintsch process reactor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described zirconia layer (16) is innermost layer in box hat, selects cylindrical shape oxidation zirconium lining brick, and serviceability temperature is more than 2200 ℃, intended diameter 400mm.

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