CN203224310U - Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer - Google Patents
Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN203224310U CN203224310U CN201320111810.5U CN201320111810U CN203224310U CN 203224310 U CN203224310 U CN 203224310U CN 201320111810 U CN201320111810 U CN 201320111810U CN 203224310 U CN203224310 U CN 203224310U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer, which comprises a light source assembly, a first optical path assembly, a second optical path assembly, a first coupling assembly, a second coupling assembly, and a detection and processing assembly. The light source assembly generates two beams of laser light. One beam of laser light is transmitted to a sensing optical fiber to form Brillouin scattered light by the first optical path assembly, and the other beam of laser light passes through the second optical path assembly to form a local oscillator. The second coupling assembly is located between the first optical path assembly and the first coupling assembly. The Brillouin scattered light transmitted from the first optical path assembly is divided into two beams, wherein one beam is transmitted to the first coupling assembly, and Rayleigh scattered light is fetched from the other beam and received by the detection and processing assembly. The Brillouin scattered light and the local-oscillator are coupled to the detection and processing assembly by the first coupling assembly. The detection and processing assembly calculates temperature and stress of the sensing optical fiber according to the Brillouin scattered light signal and the Rayleigh scattered light. Measurement errors on stress and temperature can be reduced, and spatial resolution is capable of being improved by utilizing the utility model.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, relates in particular to a kind of Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer, is used for temperature and the stress of measuring optical fiber.
Background technology
When Brillouin scattering refers to that light passes through medium, the inelastic scattering that causes as phonon or magnon that is excited by random thermal motion.Frequency displacement can take place with respect to incident light in Brillouin scattering, and in optical fiber, temperature and stress all can cause the change of Brillouin frequency shifts, therefore as Fibre Optical Sensor, if can monitor the variation of Brillouin shift, then can measure the variation of temperature and stress.
Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer (Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer, BOTDR) be based on above-mentioned principle, be widely used in engineering fields such as tunnel, bridge, dam, side slope, carry out all kinds of structures strains and thermometric tip device.It is compared with the monitoring equipment of routine, has plurality of advantages such as distributed, long distance, real-time, precision height, anti-interference and permanance.At present, the common course of work of Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer is: the laser that LASER Light Source generates is divided into two bundles, and a branch of pump light as Brillouin laser is used to form local oscillator light; Another Shu Ze is used for the production burst detectable signal, and this pulse detection signal is transported to sensor fibre, generates Brillouin scattering; Local oscillator light and Brillouin scattering are coupled (namely quite detecting), make the centre frequency of Brillouin scattering move to hundreds of MHz rank; Then to the detecting of the Brillouin scattering that changed frequency, and try to achieve strain and temperature in the sensor fibre by Brillouin shift and Brillouin scattering power.But, above-mentioned only is more satisfactory model, but in the practical application because the factors such as fluctuation of the fluctuation of bending loss, splicing loss, coupling loss, entrant laser power and pulse width all can cause the variation of power, and polarisation of light to change its power measurement also be an adverse effect factor that can not be ignored.Therefore adopt said structure, when the temperature in the measuring optical fiber and stress, will the strain and the temperature that record be existed than mistake.
The utility model content
In view of this, the utility model provides a kind of Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer, can reduce the measuring error of strain and temperature, improves measuring accuracy.
A kind of Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer that the utility model provides, comprise: light source assembly, first optical path component, second optical path component, first coupling assembly and detection and processing components, described light source assembly is used for generating two bundle laser, a branch ofly transport to sensor fibre by described first optical path component and form Brillouin scattering, another bundle forms local oscillator light by second optical path component, described first coupling assembly is optically coupled to described detection and processing components with described Brillouin scattering and local oscillator, also comprise: second coupling assembly, described second coupling assembly is between described first optical path component and first coupling assembly, be used for the Brillouin scattering of described first optical path component output is divided into two bundles, a branch ofly transport to described first coupling assembly, and from another intrafascicular taking-up Rayleigh scattering light and by described detection and processing components reception, described detection and processing components are calculated temperature and stress in the described sensor fibre according to the Brillouin scattering light signal and the Rayleigh scattering light signal that receive.
Further, described detection and processing components comprise: first photodetector, second smooth electric explorer and the processor;
First photodetector is used for receiving Brillouin scattering;
Second photodetector is used for receiving Rayleigh scattering light;
Described processor is used for calculating temperature and stress in the described sensor fibre according to the brillouin scattering signal of first photodetector generation and the Rayleigh scattering signal of the second smooth electric explorer generation.
Further, described processor comprises:
Digital signal processing circuit is used for the signal of the first smooth electric explorer output is carried out classical wavelet transformation or fast fourier transform;
The scattering spectra inverter circuit is used for the signal of digital signal processing circuit output is carried out the Brillouin spectrum inversion procedure;
Counting circuit is used for calculating temperature and stress in the described sensor fibre according to the signal of scattering spectra inverter circuit output and the signal of second photodetector output.
Further, described second coupling assembly comprises: second coupling mechanism that is linked in sequence, tripping device, second wave filter, and the input of described second coupling mechanism is connected with the output of first optical path component, and two outputs are connected to first coupling assembly and tripping device respectively.
Further, described tripping device comprises: optical fiber F-P interferometer, Mach that Ceng Deyi or narrow band optical fiber grating filter.
Further, described light source assembly comprises:
Be used for generating the narrow bandwidth laser instrument of laser;
Be connected with described narrow band laser, be used for the laser that described narrow bandwidth laser instrument generates is divided into the 3rd coupling mechanism of two bundles.
Further, described first optical path component comprises:
The pulse detector that is used for receiving a branch of light of described light source assembly output and is modulated to the direct impulse signal;
Be connected with described pulse detector, be used for first fiber amplifier that described direct impulse signal is amplified;
The circulator that first port is connected with the described first smooth fiber amplifier, second port connects sensor fibre, second port connects second coupling assembly.
Further, described first optical path component comprises:
Be connected with an output of light source assembly, put device for second optical fiber of the light amplification that light source assembly is transported to;
Be connected with described second fiber amplifier, be used for the light according to the output of second fiber amplifier, Brillouin's ring laser of generation local oscillator light.
Further, described first coupling assembly comprises: first coupling mechanism that is linked in sequence and the 3rd wave filter, two inputs of first coupling mechanism are connected with the output of second optical path component and the output of second coupling assembly respectively.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer of the present utility model is by increasing by second coupling assembly, the Brillouin scattering of first optical path component being exported by second coupling assembly is divided into two bundles, a branch ofly transport to described first coupling assembly, and from another intrafascicular taking-up Rayleigh scattering light and by surveying and the processing components reception, described detection and processing components are calculated temperature and stress in the described sensor fibre according to the Brillouin scattering light signal and the Rayleigh scattering light signal that receive.Because it is little that Rayleigh scattering light varies with temperature relation, and Brillouin scattering and temperature and strain have direct relation, but Rayleigh scattering signal has comprised information such as bending loss, splicing loss, therefore adopt said structure, can effectively eliminate error, reduce the measuring error of strain and temperature, improve measuring accuracy.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further described:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer that provides of the utility model.
Fig. 2 has been brillouin scattering signal stack synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) are the synoptic diagram in order to illustrate that the Brillouin spectrum method of inversion provides.
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1, be the structural representation of the embodiment of the Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer that provides of the utility model, this Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer mainly comprises: light source assembly 100, first light path 200, second light path 400, first coupling assembly 500, second coupling assembly 600 and detection and processing components 700.
Wherein, light source assembly 100 is for generation of laser beam, and this laser beam is divided into two bundles, respectively as the input of first optical path component 200 and second optical path component 400.Concrete, light source assembly 100 comprises: narrow bandwidth laser instrument 101 and the 3rd coupling mechanism 102, narrow bandwidth laser instrument 101 is for generation of laser beam, the 3rd coupling mechanism 102 is used for the laser beam that narrow bandwidth laser instrument 101 produces is divided into two, respectively as the input of first optical path component 200 and second optical path component 400.Preferably, narrow bandwidth laser instrument 101 is selected the narrow-band tunable laser instrument for use, the light splitting ratio of the 3rd coupling mechanism 102 is 5:95, namely the 3rd coupling mechanism 103 will be done the input of first optical path component 200 from 95% of the laser beam of narrow bandwidth laser instrument 101, will be from 5% input as second optical path component of the laser beam of narrow bandwidth laser instrument 101.
Wherein, first optical path component 200 is used to form the backscattering light signal.Concrete, first optical path component 200 comprises: pulse-modulator 201, first fiber amplifier 202 and circulator 203; Pulse-modulator will be the direct impulse signal from the optical modulation of the 3rd coupling mechanism 102, this direct impulse signal is after first fiber amplifier 202 amplifies, transport to first port of circulator 203, second port of circulator 203 is connected with sensor fibre 300, the direct impulse signal that enters circulator 203 enters sensor fibre 300 by second port, and transmission in sensor fibre 300, produce the backscattering light signal, this backscattering light signal returns in the circulator 203, by the output of the 3rd port of circulator 203, and as the input of second coupler component 600.Preferably, pulse-modulator 201 is electrooptic modulator or acousto-optic modulator, the mode that adopts two or more pulse-modulators 201 to connect simultaneously obtains the pulse detection signal of High Extinction Ratio, between pulse-modulator 201 and first fiber amplifier 202, arrange simultaneously and disturb coder, with the influence of the polarization state in the pulse detection signal that reduces pulse-modulator 201 generations to measuring.
Wherein, second optical path component 400 is used to form local oscillator light.Concrete, second optical path component 400 comprises: second fiber amplifier 401 and Brillouin's ring laser 402, after the light amplification of second fiber amplifier 401 with light source assembly 100 inputs, input Brillouin ring laser 402, pump light as Brillouin's ring laser, Brillouin's ring laser 402 output narrow linewidth Brillouin lasers are transported to first coupling assembly 500 as the relevant local oscillator light that detects.
Wherein, second coupling assembly 600 is used for the part of the back-scattering light of first optical path component, 203 outputs is transported to first coupling assembly 500, and extracts Rayleigh scattering light from the part of back-scattering light.The back-scattering light of first optical path component, 203 outputs comprises: Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering light.Concrete, second coupling assembly 600 comprises: second coupling mechanism 601, tripping device 602 and second wave filter 603; The light splitting ratio of second coupling mechanism 601 is 50:50, i.e. 50% in the back-scattering light of circulator 203 outputs transported to first coupling assembly 500, and remaining 50% is transported to tripping device 602; Tripping device 602 adopts optical fiber F-P interferometer, Mach that Ceng Deyi or narrow band optical fiber grating filter, is mainly used in scattered light in the cloth in the back-scattering light is separated with Rayleigh scattering light, obtains Rayleigh scattering light; Carry out filtering by 603 pairs of Rayleigh scattering lights of second wave filter then and handle, filtering low-frequency noise wherein makes high-frequency signal pass through.
Wherein, be used for will first coupling assembly 500 be concerned with detection from the local oscillator light of second light path part 400 with from the back-scattering light (mainly referring to Brillouin scattering wherein here) of second coupling mechanism 601.Detect by relevant, the frequency of Brillouin scattering will move to hundreds of MHz rank, survey required electronics bandwidth of Brillouin scattering light time with significantly reducing to survey with processing components 700, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the signal that detects.Certainly, when detection and 700 pairs of Brillouin scatterings of processing components are surveyed, can carry out filtering by 502 pairs of Brillouin scatterings of first wave filter, filtering sideband noise wherein makes low frequency signal pass through, and suppresses high-frequency signal.
Wherein, survey the Rayleigh scattering light that at first is used for receiving the Brillouin scattering of first coupling assembly, 500 outputs and receives the output of second coupling assembly with processing components 700, then based on the signal that receives, calculate temperature and stress on the sensor fibre.Concrete, detection comprises with processing components 700: first photodetector 701, second photodetector 702 and processor 703; First photodetector 701 and second photodetector 702 are responsible for respectively realizing connecing of Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering light, are obtained brillouin scattering signal and Rayleigh scattering signal.Processor 703 is responsible for the signal that receives is handled, thereby calculates temperature and stress on the optical fiber.Mainly introduce the structure of processor 703 below.Processor 703 comprises:
Digital signal processing circuit.Because Brillouin scattering comprises much noise, if directly to the demodulation of multiplying each other of such signal, can directly change phase noise into detection signal so, even cause demodulation to be lost efficacy, therefore can at first utilize the photosignal of classical (Morlet) wavelet transformation or the output of fast fourier transform first photodetector to handle by digital signal processing circuit.
The scattering spectra inverter circuit is used for the signal of digital signal processing circuit output is carried out the Brillouin spectrum inversion procedure.
Counting circuit is used for calculating temperature and stress in the sensor fibre according to the signal of scattering spectra inverter circuit output and the Rayleigh scattering signal of second photodetector output.
Below to the process of the Brillouin spectrum inverting in above-mentioned and calculate temperature in the sensor fibre and the process of stress describes.
The Brillouin spectrum method of inversion is for Brillouin scattering spectra center frequency displacement v
BA kind of method with the corresponding relation of locus x can improve spatial resolution.It specifically comprises:
The time length of Brillouin scattering of the direct impulse light signal by accepting its emission is calculated corresponding locus.The formula of computer memory resolution ax/z can be expressed as: Δ z=c τ/(2n) (1)
Wherein c is the light velocity in the vacuum, and τ is the width of direct impulse, and n is the effective refractive index of optical fiber.By formula (1) as can be known, the width of direct impulse has restricted the size of spatial resolution, and pulse can not be less than 10ns phonon lifetime, so its spatial resolution is minimum can only reach 1m.But, as shown in Figure 2, enter the optical fiber head with pulse and pick up counting, at t
0The Brillouin scattering that constantly receives includes position 2 arrival fiber position, the 4 back scattered Brillouin's signals from pulse, also includes from pulse position 1 to arrive fiber position 3 back scattered Brillouin's signals.Distance with position 1 to 2 is τ, and then the distance of position 3 to 4 is τ/2.Therefore actual measurement to scattered signal be the stack of all Brillouin's signals in τ on the optical fiber/2 positions.That is to say backscattering light signal that optical fiber point produces be by the stack of N the different back-scattering lights that produce constantly in τ/2 positions with.
Having on the basis of above-mentioned cognition, Brillouin spectrum inverting ratio juris in A, supposes that other Brillouin shifts except the Fibre Optical Sensor position are zero shown in Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), and the variation at sensing location place evenly distributes.Direct impulse is at t
0Sensing contact position just during the position, Brillouin frequency shifts begins to increase, along with advancing of direct impulse, back scattered signal begins progressively to superpose, when direct impulse entered whole sensitive zones, the composition that then superposes was maximum, was the stack of whole regional scattered signal, sensitive zones is left in direct impulse subsequently gradually, and scattered signal stack composition reduces gradually.Shown in B, the scattering spectra that the Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer receives is one trapezoidal.
If Brillouin's signal shape of fibre scattering is actual be:
Then actual detection to signal be:
In the formula, τ represents the direct impulse width, and x represents the width of sensitive zones, and τ-x represents the time that direct impulse is surrounded sensitive zones fully.
Therefore when existing sensing to change on certain a bit of length x in the optical fiber, the brillouin scattering signal that receives can be by measuring the original value of brillouin scattering signal on the trapezoidal x length that is reduced into fiber unit, adopt the data fitting method to obtain the approximate trapezoid relation to resultant scattering spectra signal, the hypotenuse width that obtains is sensitive zones width x, match by trapezoidal top A τ, simultaneously the τ width is knownly can instead release the accurate center frequency value of brillouin scattering signal A on the sensitive zones x width according to formula (3), and then obtains strain accurately or temperature measuring data.
The counter brillouin scattering signal of deriving the actual fiber generation of stack brillouin scattering signal that this method is obtained by photodetection is so be called the Brillouin spectrum method of inversion.The measured sensitive zones of this method is that locus x is the center of Brillouin spectrum, and this also approaches with actual conditions, has improved accuracy, and x is obtained by data fitting simultaneously, avoids artificially dividing the shortcoming of x length.After carrying out the method for inversion, can obtain spatial discrimination like this is cx/ (2n), thereby spatial resolution has been improved τ/x doubly, can reach more than 10 times, namely below the 0.1m.In actual applications, if the Brillouin scattering spectral width that obtains greater than τ, then can be by scattering spectra being divided into the m section, determine corresponding weight according to obtaining the scattering spectra data, adopt the above-mentioned method of inversion to calculate again, this moment, x then was known, be x=τ '/m, τ ' 〉=τ.The Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer exists sampling step length will influence the Brillouin scattering spectral shape of detection simultaneously, and then influence spatial resolution x, in actual selecting for use, need sample frequency to be not less than actual 1/10th of the resolution that arranges, could effectively suppress the spatial resolution measuring error that the sampling step length time brings like this.
It is above-mentioned that only try to achieve is Brillouin spectrum center frequency displacement v
BWith the corresponding relation of locus x, but also specifically do not obtain the corresponding relation of Brillouin shift and strain or temperature.In order to reflect temperature and the strain information that comprises in the brillouin scattering signal intensity, introduce Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering signal strength ratio.Because it is little that Rayleigh scattering light varies with temperature relation, and Brillouin scattering and temperature and strain have direct relation, but Rayleigh scattering signal comprises information such as above-mentioned bending loss, splicing loss, can effectively eliminate error by after comparing with brillouin scattering signal intensity.
Brillouin scattering signal and Rayleigh scattering signal strength ratio LPR can be expressed as:
LPR=LPR
0+C
PTΔT+C
PεΔε （4）
LPR
0Represent the power ratio when no strain temperature influences, C
PT, C
P εRepresent power ratio and temperature, the coefficient of strain respectively, Δ T, Δ ε represent temperature variation, strain variation respectively.
Brillouin shift v
BWith the corresponding relation of temperature and strain be:
v
B=v
B0+C′
vTΔT+C′
vεΔε （5）
v
B0Represent the frequency shift value when no strain temperature influences, C '
VT, C '
V εRepresent frequency shift value and temperature, the coefficient of strain respectively.
Can accurately obtain the temperature of high spatial resolution on the whole optical fiber or strain with the variation relation of optical fiber space length by (4), (5) formula.
Explanation is at last, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to the technical solution of the utility model to be described, although with reference to preferred embodiment the utility model is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement the technical solution of the utility model, and not breaking away from aim and the scope of technical solutions of the utility model, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present utility model.
Claims (9)
1. Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer, comprise: light source assembly, first optical path component, second optical path component, first coupling assembly and detection and processing components, described light source assembly is used for generating two bundle laser, a branch ofly transport to sensor fibre by described first optical path component and form Brillouin scattering, another bundle forms local oscillator light by second optical path component, described first coupling assembly is optically coupled to described detection and processing components with described Brillouin scattering and local oscillator, it is characterized in that: also comprise: second coupling assembly, described second coupling assembly is between described first optical path component and first coupling assembly, be used for the Brillouin scattering of described first optical path component output is divided into two bundles, a branch ofly transport to described first coupling assembly, and from another intrafascicular taking-up Rayleigh scattering light and by described detection and processing components reception, described detection and processing components are calculated temperature and stress in the described sensor fibre according to the Brillouin scattering light signal and the Rayleigh scattering light signal that receive.
2. Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described detection and processing components comprise: first photodetector, second smooth electric explorer and the processor;
First photodetector is used for receiving Brillouin scattering;
Second photodetector is used for receiving Rayleigh scattering light;
Described processor is used for calculating temperature and stress in the described sensor fibre according to the brillouin scattering signal of first photodetector generation and the Rayleigh scattering signal of the second smooth electric explorer generation.
3. Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described processor comprises:
Digital signal processing circuit is used for the signal of the first smooth electric explorer output is carried out classical wavelet transformation or fast fourier transform;
The scattering spectra inverter circuit is used for the signal of digital signal processing circuit output is carried out the Brillouin spectrum inversion procedure;
Counting circuit is used for calculating temperature and stress in the described sensor fibre according to the signal of scattering spectra inverter circuit output and the signal of second photodetector output.
4. as each described Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described second coupling assembly comprises: second coupling mechanism that is linked in sequence, tripping device, second wave filter, the input of described second coupling mechanism is connected with the output of first optical path component, and two outputs are connected to first coupling assembly and tripping device respectively.
5. Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described tripping device comprises: your Ceng Deyi or narrow band optical fiber grating filter of optical fiber F-P interferometer, Mach.
6. as each described Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described light source assembly comprises:
Be used for generating the narrow bandwidth laser instrument of laser;
Be connected with described narrow band laser, be used for the laser that described narrow bandwidth laser instrument generates is divided into the 3rd coupling mechanism of two bundles.
7. as each described Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described first optical path component comprises:
The pulse detector that is used for receiving a branch of light of described light source assembly output and is modulated to the direct impulse signal;
Be connected with described pulse detector, be used for first fiber amplifier that described direct impulse signal is amplified;
The circulator that first port is connected with the described first smooth fiber amplifier, second port connects sensor fibre, second port connects second coupling assembly.
8. as each described Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described first optical path component comprises:
Be connected with an output of light source assembly, put device for second optical fiber of the light amplification that light source assembly is transported to;
Be connected with described second fiber amplifier, be used for the light according to the output of second fiber amplifier, Brillouin's ring laser of generation local oscillator light.
9. as each described Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described first coupling assembly comprises: first coupling mechanism that is linked in sequence and the 3rd wave filter, two inputs of first coupling mechanism are connected with the output of second optical path component and the output of second coupling assembly respectively.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103196584A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Measurement method for temperature and stress in fiber and Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer |
| CN110243493A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-17 | 太原理工大学 | Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer device and method based on super continuous spectrums |
-
2013
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103196584A (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2013-07-10 | 重庆大学 | Measurement method for temperature and stress in fiber and Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer |
| CN103196584B (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-03-11 | 重庆大学 | Measurement method for temperature and stress in fiber and Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer |
| CN110243493A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-17 | 太原理工大学 | Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer device and method based on super continuous spectrums |
| CN110243493B (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2020-09-25 | 太原理工大学 | Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer device and method based on super-continuum spectrum |
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