CN203119101U - Reflective array antenna - Google Patents
Reflective array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN203119101U CN203119101U CN 201220590587 CN201220590587U CN203119101U CN 203119101 U CN203119101 U CN 203119101U CN 201220590587 CN201220590587 CN 201220590587 CN 201220590587 U CN201220590587 U CN 201220590587U CN 203119101 U CN203119101 U CN 203119101U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a reflective array antenna. The antenna comprises a function plate and a reflecting layer, wherein the function plate is used to carry out wave beam modulation on an incident electromagnetic wave; the function plate comprises two or more function plate units possessing a phase shift function; each function plate unit comprises a substrate unit and at least one man-made structure unit which generates an electromagnetic response to the incident electromagnetic wave and is arranged on one side of the substrate unit; the reflecting layer is used to reflect the electromagnetic wave and is arranged on one side of the function plate, wherein the side is opposite to the man-made structure unit; a distance between geometric centers of the two adjacent function plate units is less than a seventh of a wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave. By using the reflective array antenna of the utility model, a technology bias that a need can not be satisfied if the size of the phase shift unit is reduced to one sixth of the wavelength is overcome, wherein technical personnel is generally believed in the technology bias.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the communications field, more particularly, relates to a kind of reflectarray antenna.
Background technology
The planar array that reflectarray antenna is made up of the microband paste unit that is printed in a large number on the ground connection dielectric substrate.Its incident mechanism is: electromagnetic wave arrives each microband paste unit along different transmission paths after the feed outgoing, different space phases takes place and postpones in the in-field that the difference of path-length will cause each microband paste unit to receive, can carry out suitable phase compensation to the in-field by each microband paste unit of appropriate design, allow mirror field form required phase front at the antenna opening diametric plane.
Generally require the phase-shifting unit size less than 1/2nd electromagnetic wavelengths in the traditional reflective array theory, Payam Nayeri, Fan Yang and AtefZ.Elsherbeni is called " Broadband ReflectarrayAntennas Using Double-Layer Subwavelength Patch Elements " in name, IEEE Antennasand Wireless Propag.Letters, vol 9,2010, in point out when the phase-shifting unit size is reduced to sub-wavelength dimensions (sixth wavelength) from half-wavelength, the array reflecting surface of being made up of the individual layer phase-shifting unit is to the modulation capability variation of phase place, phase shift range has reduced 200 °, can not satisfy the demands, this mainly is because after the phase-shifting unit size is decreased to the sixth electromagnetic wavelength, gap between the phase-shifting unit can be less than 0.001 millimeter, cause the graing lobe effect, thereby influence the performance of reflectarray antenna.
Like this, the requirement of phase-shifting unit cell size has been limited widely the design of planar array reflecting surface, therefore substrate design, the phase-shifting unit design aspect at the planar array reflecting surface has strict restriction, improved the bandwidth performance of manufacturing cost, having influenced the planar array reflecting surface.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to require the phase-shifting unit size to provide a kind of reflectarray antenna greater than the defective of sixth electromagnetic wavelength at prior art at the phase place modulated process.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present utility model solves by the following technical programs: a kind of reflectarray antenna comprises:
Feature board is used for incident electromagnetic wave is carried out the wave beam modulation; Described feature board comprises that two or more have the feature board unit of phase shift function; At least one man-made structures unit to incident electromagnetic wave generation electromagnetic response that described feature board unit comprises base board unit and is arranged on described base board unit one side;
The reflector is used for reflection electromagnetic wave, is arranged on a side opposite with the man-made structures unit of feature board;
Distance between the geometric center of adjacent two feature board unit is less than 1/7th of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
Further, the distance between the geometric center of described adjacent two feature board unit is identical.
Further, described feature board is one deck structure or the sandwich construction that is made of a plurality of lamellas.
Further, described base board unit is made by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
Further, described macromolecular material is polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyethylene, polyether-ether-ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene or epoxy resin.
Further, described man-made structures unit is the structure with geometrical pattern that electric conducting material constitutes.
Further, described electric conducting material is metal or non-metallic conducting material.
Further, described metal is gold, silver, copper, billon, silver alloy, copper alloy, kirsite or aluminium alloy.
Further, described non-metallic conducting material is electrically conductive graphite, indium tin oxide or Al-Doped ZnO.
Further, described antenna also comprises for the protective layer that covers described man-made structures unit.
Further, described protective layer is polystyrene plastics film, polyethylene terephthalate's plastic film or high impact polystyrene plastic film.
Further, described antenna is modulated into the electromagnetic wave with narrow beam directional diagram for the electromagnetic wave that will have the broad beam directional diagram.
Further, described antenna is modulated into the electromagnetic wave with broad beam directional diagram for the electromagnetic wave that will have the narrow beam directional diagram.
Further, described antenna is used for changing the main beam pointing of electromagnetic wave directional diagram.
Further, described feature board is curved surface shape or plane.
Further, described reflector is curved surface shape or plane.
Further, described reflector is attached at described feature board one side surface.
Further, described reflector and described feature board space arrange.
Further, described reflector is metal coating or metallic film.
Further, described reflector is the metal grill reflector.
Further, described metal grill reflector is made of the sheet metal of multi-disc space, the single metal sheet be shaped as triangle or polygon.
Further, described single metal sheet is shaped as square.
Further, described multi-disc sheet metal interval each other is less than 1/20th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
Further, the serve as reasons network structure with many mesh of the crisscross formation of many metal line of described metal grill reflector, single mesh be shaped as triangle or polygon.
Further, described single mesh is shaped as square.
Further, the length of side of described single mesh is less than 1/2nd of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, and the live width of described many metal line is more than or equal to 0.01mm.
Further, the cross section of described base board unit is triangle or polygon.
Further, the cross section of described base board unit is equilateral triangle, square, rhombus, regular pentagon, regular hexagon or octagon.
Further, the distance between the geometric center of described adjacent functional plate unit is less than 1/8th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
Further, the distance between the geometric center of described adjacent functional plate unit is less than 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
Further, described antenna works in the Ku wave band, and described base board unit thickness is 0.5-4mm.
Further, described antenna works in X-band, and described base board unit thickness is 0.7-6.5mm.
Further, described antenna works in C-band, and described base board unit thickness is 1-12mm.
According to reflectarray antenna of the present utility model, distance in the described reflectarray antenna between the geometric center of adjacent functional plate unit is all less than 1/7th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, again the size by designing the man-made structures unit that arranges on the described reflectarray antenna base board unit and/or the structure required phase place that realizes the reflectarray antenna outgoing.All spelt out the size (being equivalent to the distance between the geometric center of adjacent functional plate described in the utility model unit) of phase-shifting unit in the prior art when being reduced to the sixth of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength from half-wavelength, the array reflecting surface that the individual layer phase-shifting unit is formed can not satisfy the demands to the modulation capability variation of phase place.The utility model is by being reduced to the distance between the geometric center of adjacent functional plate unit less than 1/7th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, and only can satisfy the demands by an one functional layer, and the bandwidth ratio prior art is wide, thickness is thinner, the phase modulation amplitude is level and smooth more, stability is better.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described in further detail, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of reflectarray antenna one preferred embodiments of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is to be the front elevational schematic of the feature board that constitutes of orthohexagonal base board unit by a plurality of cross section figures;
Fig. 3 is the schematic side view of another preferred embodiments of reflectarray antenna of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of reflector of the present utility model one preferred embodiments;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the phase-shifting unit that constitutes of alabastrine man-made structures unit, plane;
Fig. 6 is a kind of derived structure of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 7 is a kind of distressed structure of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 8 is the phase I of the alabastrine man-made structures cell geometry growth in plane;
Fig. 9 is the second stage of the alabastrine man-made structures cell geometry growth in plane.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the phase-shifting unit that constitutes of the man-made structures unit of the another kind of structure of the utility model;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the phase-shifting unit that constitutes of the man-made structures unit of the another kind of structure of the utility model;
Figure 12 is that the amount of phase shift of the phase-shifting unit that constitutes of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 5 is with the change curve of structure growth parameter S;
Figure 13 is the growth pattern schematic diagram of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 10;
Figure 14 is that the amount of phase shift of the phase-shifting unit that constitutes of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 10 is with the change curve of structure growth parameter S;
Figure 15 is the growth pattern schematic diagram of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 11;
Figure 16 is that the amount of phase shift of the phase-shifting unit that constitutes of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 11 is with the change curve of structure growth parameter S;
Figure 17 a is the schematic diagram of the man-made structures unit of triangle metal sheet;
Figure 17 b is the schematic diagram of the man-made structures unit of square-shaped metal sheet;
Figure 17 c is the schematic diagram of the man-made structures unit of circular metal sheet;
Figure 17 d is the schematic diagram of the man-made structures unit of circular metal ring-type;
Figure 17 e is the schematic diagram of the man-made structures unit of square metal ring-type;
Figure 18 is elementary feed directional diagram;
Figure 19 is the narrow beam directional diagram of broad beam directional diagram after reflectarray antenna modulation of the present utility model;
Figure 20 is the directional diagram that changes the electromagnetic wave main beam pointing through reflectarray antenna of the present utility model;
Figure 21 is the structural representation in the metal grill reflector of network;
Figure 22 is the structural representation with reflectarray antenna of multilayer feature board;
Figure 23 is a kind of structural representation of phase-shifting unit of form;
Figure 24 is that the amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit of the another kind of structure that constitutes of man-made structures unit shown in Figure 5 is with the change curve of structure growth parameter S.
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the utility model reflectarray antenna one preferred embodiments.Among Fig. 1, this reflectarray antenna comprises feature board 1, is used for incident electromagnetic wave is carried out the wave beam modulation; Described feature board 1 comprises that two or more have the feature board unit 10 of phase shift function; At least one man-made structures unit M to incident electromagnetic wave generation electromagnetic response that described feature board unit 10 comprises base board unit V and is arranged on described base board unit V one side;
Distance between the geometric center of adjacent two feature board unit 10 is less than 1/7th of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
Electromagnetic wave by back, described feature board unit 10 by 2 reflections of described reflector, outgoing after the electromagnetic wave of reflection is again by described feature board unit 10.Distance between the geometric center of any adjacent two the feature board unit 10 in the reflectarray antenna is less than 1/7th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.The utility model preferably, arbitrarily the distance between the geometric center of adjacent two feature board unit 10 is less than 1/8th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.More preferably, the distance between the geometric center of any adjacent two feature board unit 10 is less than 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.For example, arbitrarily the distance between the geometric center of adjacent two feature board unit 10 can be 1/7th, 1/8th, 1/9th and 1/10th etc. of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
Reflectarray antenna of the present utility model, its feature board can also can be the sandwich construction that is made of a plurality of lamellas for one deck structure shown in Figure 1, wherein one deck structure can also have better bandwidth effect than prior art, can adopt glue bonding between a plurality of lamellas, perhaps adopt mechanical system to connect, connect or the buckle connection as bolt, the utility model does not limit this.As shown in figure 22, be a kind of feature board 1 of sandwich construction of form, this feature board 1 comprises three lamellas 11.Certainly Figure 22 just schematically, the double-layer structure that feature board 1 of the present utility model also is made of two lamellas or the sandwich construction that is constituted by four and above lamella.
As shown in Figure 1, feature board 1 comprises two or more feature boards unit 10, and reflector 2 comprises the reflector element 20 with feature board unit 10 respective amount, and the reflector element 20 that feature board unit 10 is corresponding with it constitutes a phase-shifting unit 100; Be understandable that reflectarray antenna integral body can be spliced by a plurality of independently phase-shifting units 100, also can be constituted by a monoblock feature board 1 and a monoblock reflector 2.
The quantity of feature board unit 10 is set as required, can be two or more.For example can be side by side 2,2 * 2 array, 10 * 10 array, 100 * 100 array, 1000 * 1000 array, array of 10000 * 10000 etc.
In the utility model, as shown in Figure 1, the man-made structures unit M that is used for incident electromagnetic wave is produced electromagnetic response that feature board unit 10 comprises base board unit V and is arranged on described base board unit V one side.Man-made structures unit M can be attached directly to the surface of base board unit V, as shown in figure 23.
Certainly, man-made structures unit M also can with the spaced surface setting of base board unit V, for example man-made structures unit M can be supported on the base board unit by bar, or by filler at interval, filler for example can be plastic foam.
The cross section figure of base board unit V can have various ways.The cross section figure of more typical base board unit can be triangle or polygon, preferably, the cross section figure of base board unit is equilateral triangle, square, rhombus, regular pentagon, regular hexagon or octagon, and it is foursquare base board unit that the cross section figure has been shown among Fig. 1; It is the front elevational schematic of the feature board 1 that constitutes of regular hexagon base board unit that Fig. 2 shows by a plurality of cross section figures.The cross section figure of base board unit is preferably equilateral triangle, square, rhombus, regular pentagon, regular hexagon or octagon.
Base board unit can be made by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material, and macromolecular material can be polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyethylene, polyether-ether-ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene or epoxy resin.
The man-made structures unit can be the structure with geometrical pattern that electric conducting material constitutes, and electric conducting material can be metal or non-metallic conducting material, and described metal is gold, silver, copper, billon, silver alloy, copper alloy, kirsite or aluminium alloy; Described non-metallic conducting material is electrically conductive graphite, indium tin oxide or Al-Doped ZnO.The processing mode of man-made structures unit can have multiple, can be attached on the base board unit respectively by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
Man-made structures unit M can produce electromagnetic response to incident electromagnetic wave, and electromagnetic response herein can be electric field response, also can be magnetic responsiveness, or existing electric field response has magnetic responsiveness again.
In order to protect the man-made structures unit; in another embodiment of the present utility model; also can be coated with protective layer on the man-made structures unit, protective layer can be polystyrene (PS) plastic film, polyethylene terephthalate's (PET) plastic film or high impact polystyrene (HIPS) plastic film.
When adopting single piece of metal sheet, metal coating or metallic film as the reflector, its thickness is generally thinner, is about the 0.01-0.03 millimeter, and the length and width of sheet metal, metal coating or metallic film is far longer than its thickness.When preparation and practical application, easily because the effect generation warpage of stress has reduced the yield in the preparation of product process on the one hand, cause a large amount of wastes, also increased the maintenance cost after product uses on the other hand.
In the utility model, the metal grill reflector is preferably used in reflector 2, and the metal grill reflector is made of the sheet metal 4 in gap, multi-disc space, and the length and width value of each sheet metal 4 and the difference of one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 reduce, thereby reduce product stress, avoid the reflector warpage.Yet owing to have the slit between each sheet metal, if produce the graing lobe effect when the wide meeting of the width in slit makes electromagnetic wave by latticed baffle reflection, bring influence for the reflectarray antenna performance, can make the length and width value of each sheet metal and the difference of one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 increase if the width in slit is narrow, be unfavorable for the release of stress.Preferably, described multi-disc sheet metal interval each other is less than 1/20th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.In the utility model, the single metal sheet be shaped as triangle or polygon.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, described metal grill reflector WG is made of the sheet metal 4 of multi-disc space, and the single metal plate shape is square.
In another preferred embodiment, as shown in figure 21, the serve as reasons network structure with many mesh of the crisscross formation of many metal line of described metal grill reflector WG, many metal line are divided into longitudinal metal line ZX and transverse metal line HX among the figure, form a plurality of mesh WK between longitudinal metal line ZX and the transverse metal line HX, the shape of single mesh WK can be triangle or polygon.And the shape of all mesh WK can be identical, also can be different.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 21, preferably, the shape of all mesh WK is square, and longitudinal metal line ZX is identical with the live width of transverse metal line HX.The length of side of described single mesh is less than 1/2nd of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, and the live width of described many metal line is more than or equal to 0.01mm.Preferentially, the length of side of described single mesh be 0.01mm to 1/2nd of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, the live width of described many metal line is that 0.01mm is to 5 times of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
In the description in above-mentioned reflector, all with metal material as reflector material, but should know the reflection electromagnetic wave that act as in reflector in the utility model, as long as therefore can reach the optional material that the material of reflection electromagnetic wave is the utility model reflector.
Reflectarray antenna of the present utility model can design concrete shape according to the application scenarios of reality, therefore, feature board 1 and reflector 2 can be planely also can make the curved surface shape according to actual needs.
A kind of method for designing of each phase-shifting unit amount of phase shift is below described, should be understood that, following method is aid illustration, not in order to limit the utility model, in fact, to one skilled in the art, can also realize that the amount of phase shift of expecting on the antenna distributes by other conventional method for designing by reading the utility model.
The method for designing of the amount of phase shift of each phase-shifting unit comprises the steps:
S1, the excursion of the amount of phase shift of each phase-shifting unit is set, the vector space Θ of the amount of phase shift of n phase-shifting unit of structure; The electromagenetic wave radiation directional diagram corresponding parameters index of expectation is set.The parameter index here mainly refers to have influence on the key technical indexes of electromagenetic wave radiation directional diagram, and under the different application scenarioss, the technical indicator of concern is different, for example, can be half-power beam width etc.
S2, the vector space Θ of described amount of phase shift is sampled, generate the sampling vector space Θ of individual phase-shifting unit of m(m＜n)
0The sampling here can be the various methods of samplings of using always, for example random sampling, systematic sampling etc.
S3, the described sampling vector space of foundation are calculated the amount of phase shift that remains n-m phase-shifting unit by interpolation method, generate the vector space Θ of the new amount of phase shift of n phase-shifting unit
iInterpolation method can be Gaussian process interpolation method, batten Changzhi method etc.
S4, calculating Θ
iThe corresponding parameters index judges whether the parameters calculated index satisfies preset requirement, if, Θ then
iBe the vector space of the amount of phase shift of satisfying the demand; If not, then generate new sampling vector space by default optimization algorithm, and generate the vector space Θ of new amount of phase shift by interpolation method
I+1, circulation is carried out until satisfying preset requirement.Default optimization algorithm can be simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, TABU search scheduling algorithm.Preset requirement for example can comprise the threshold value of parameter index and the scope of precision.
Can obtain the amount of phase shift distribution situation of each phase-shifting unit that we need by above-mentioned method, determine concrete design in conjunction with the technical scheme type that we will use again according to the distribution situation of amount of phase shift.For example, if adopt the feature board unit that is constituted by base board unit and man-made structures unit to realize the modulation of incident electromagnetic wave directional diagram, so just need find out the shape of the man-made structures unit that can satisfy the amount of phase shift distribution, the corresponding relation of dimension information.
The modulation of incident electromagnetic wave directional diagram is realized in the feature board unit that employing is made of base board unit and man-made structures unit, shape, the physical dimension of the man-made structures unit on each phase-shifting unit of appropriate design, can design the amount of phase shift of each phase-shifting unit on the described reflectarray antenna, thereby realize the electromagenetic wave radiation directional diagram of expectation.
The incident frequency of given reflectarray antenna, physical size, material and the electromagnetic parameter of base board unit have been determined, and the material of man-made structures unit, thickness and topological structure, utilize simulation software, as CST, MATLAB, COMSOL etc., can obtain the amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit with the change curve of man-made structures cell geometry growth, can obtain the corresponding relation of continually varying phase-shifting unit and amount of phase shift, namely obtain the maximum amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit and the minimum amount of phase shift of this kind form.
In the present embodiment, the structural design of phase-shifting unit can obtain by Computer Simulation (CST emulation), and is specific as follows:
(1) determines the material of base board unit.The material of base board unit for example is FR-4, F4b or PS etc.
(2) determine shape and the physical size of base board unit.For example, it is foursquare square sheet that base board unit can be the cross section figure, the physical size of base board unit is obtained by the centre frequency of reflectarray antenna, utilize frequency to obtain its wavelength, get less than 1/7th a numerical value of the wavelength length of side as the base board unit cross section, for example the length of side of base board unit cross section is 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength again.The thickness of base board unit is different according to the working frequency range of device, when working in the Ku wave band as antenna, and the desirable 0.05-4mm of the thickness of base board unit; When antenna works in X-band, the desirable 0.7-6.5mm of the thickness of base board unit; When antenna works in C-band, the desirable 1-12mm of the thickness of base board unit; For example exist, under the ku wave band, the thickness of base board unit can be taken as 1mm, 2mm etc.The length of side of base board unit is the distance of two adjacent man-made structures unit centers.
(3) determine material, thickness and the topological structure of man-made structures unit.For example, the material of man-made structures unit is copper, the topological structure of man-made structures unit can be alabastrine man-made structures unit, plane shown in Figure 5, described alabastrine man-made structures unit has the first metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 that vertically divides equally mutually, the described first metal wire J1 is identical with the length of the second metal wire J2, the described first metal wire J1 two ends are connected with two first F1 of metal branch of equal length, the described first metal wire J1 two ends are connected on the mid point of two first F1 of metal branch, the described second metal wire J2 two ends are connected with two second F2 of metal branch of equal length, the described second metal wire J2 two ends are connected on the mid point of two second F2 of metal branch, the equal in length of described first F1 of metal branch and second F2 of metal branch; Topological structure herein refers to the base shape that the man-made structures cell geometry is grown.The thickness of man-made structures unit can be 0.005-1mm.For example be 0.018mm.
(4) determine the geometrical form growth parameter(s) of man-made structures unit, represent with S herein.For example, the geometrical form growth parameter(s) S of alabastrine man-made structures unit, plane as shown in Figure 5 can comprise the live width W of man-made structures unit, the length a of the first metal wire J1, the length b of first F1 of metal branch.
(5) determine the growth restrictive condition of the geometry of man-made structures unit.For example, the growth restrictive condition of the geometry of the man-made structures unit of alabastrine man-made structures unit, plane as shown in Figure 5 has, minimum spacing WL(between the man-made structures unit as shown in Figure 5, the distance on the limit of man-made structures unit and base board unit is WL/2), the live width W of man-made structures unit, and first the minimum spacing between metal branch and the second metal branch, this minimum spacing can and the man-made structures unit between minimum spacing WL be consistent; Because the processing technology restriction, WL is usually more than or equal to 0.1mm, and same, live width W is greater than to equal 0.1mm.During emulation for the first time, WL can get 0.1mm, and W can get certain value (live width that is the man-made structures unit is even), for example 0.14mm or 0.3mm, this moment, the geometrical form growth parameter(s) of man-made structures unit had only two variablees of a, b, made structure growth parameter S=a+b.The geometry of man-made structures unit by as Fig. 8 growth pattern shown in Figure 9 extremely, corresponding to a certain specific incident frequency (for example 11.95GHZ), can obtain a continuous amount of phase shift excursion.
Be example with man-made structures unit shown in Figure 5, particularly, the growth of the geometry of described man-made structures unit comprises two stages (base shape of geometry growth is man-made structures unit shown in Figure 5):
Phase I: according to the growth restrictive condition, under the situation that b value remains unchanged, a value is changed to maximum from minimum value, b=0 at this moment, S=a, the man-made structures unit in this growth course is " ten " font (except when a gets minimum value).The minimum value of a is live width W, and the maximum of a is (BC-WL).Therefore, in the phase I, the growth of the geometry of man-made structures unit is the square JX1 of W from the length of side namely as shown in Figure 8, grows into maximum " ten " font geometry JD1 gradually.
Second stage: according to the growth restrictive condition, when a was increased to maximum, a remained unchanged; At this moment, b is increased continuously maximum from minimum value, this moment, b was not equal to 0, S=a+b, and the man-made structures unit in this growth course is the plane flakes.The minimum value of b is live width W, and the maximum of b is (BC-WL-2W).Therefore, in second stage, the growth of the geometry of man-made structures unit as shown in Figure 9, namely from " ten " font geometry JD1 of maximum, grow into the maximum alabastrine geometry JD2 in plane gradually, the alabastrine geometry JD2 in the plane of maximum herein refers to that the length b of first J1 of metal branch and second J2 of metal branch can not extend again, otherwise the first metal branch and the second metal branch will take place to intersect.
Using said method makes the phase-shifting unit that construction unit constitutes to following three-type-person and carries out emulation:
(1) Figure 5 shows that the phase-shifting unit that alabastrine man-made structures unit, plane constitutes, in first kind of structure of this phase-shifting unit, the material of base board unit V is polystyrene (PS), and its dielectric constant is 2.7, and loss angle tangent is 0.0009; The physical size of base board unit V is that thickness 2mm, cross section figure are that the length of side is the square of 2.7mm; The material of man-made structures unit is copper, and its thickness is 0.018mm; The material of reflector element is copper, and its thickness is 0.018mm; Herein, the structure growth parameter S is the length b sum of length a and first F1 of metal branch of the first metal wire J1.Growth pattern with phase-shifting unit of this artificial construction unit sees also Fig. 8 to Fig. 9; Have this structure the man-made structures unit its amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit with the variation of structure growth parameter S as shown in figure 12.As can be seen from the figure, the amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit is the continuous increase continually varying along with the S parameter, and the excursion of the amount of phase shift of this phase-shifting unit is probably at the 10-230 degree, and the difference of its maximum amount of phase shift and minimum amount of phase shift is about 220 degree, less than 360 degree.In second kind of structure of this phase-shifting unit, only changing base board unit V cross section figure is that the length of side is the square of 8.2mm, other parameter constant, have this kind structure the man-made structures unit its amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit with the variation of structure growth parameter S as shown in figure 24; As can be seen from the figure, the amount of phase shift of this phase-shifting unit is the continuous increase continually varying along with the S parameter, the excursion of the amount of phase shift of this phase-shifting unit is probably at the 275-525 degree, and the difference of its maximum amount of phase shift and minimum amount of phase shift is about 250 degree, still less than 360 degree.
(2) be the phase-shifting unit of the man-made structures unit formation of another kind of form as shown in figure 10, this man-made structures unit has the first main line Z1 and the second main line Z2 that vertically divides equally mutually, the first main line Z1 is identical with the second main line Z2 geomery, the first main line Z1 two ends are connected with two first identical right angle chine ZJ1, the first main line Z1 two ends are connected the corner of two first right angle chine ZJ1, the second main line Z2 two ends are connected with two second right angle chine ZJ2, the second main line Z2 two ends are connected the corner of two second right angle chine ZJ2, the first right angle chine ZJ1 is identical with the second right angle chine ZJ2 geomery, the first right angle chine ZJ1, two arms of angle of the second right angle chine ZJ2 are parallel to two limits of square substrate unit, the first main line Z1 respectively, the second main line Z2 is the first right angle chine ZJ1, the angular bisector of the second right angle chine ZJ2.In this phase-shifting unit, the material of base board unit V is polystyrene (PS), and its dielectric constant is 2.7, and loss angle tangent is 0.0009; The physical size of base board unit is that thickness 2mm, cross section figure are that the length of side is the square of 2mm; The material of man-made structures unit is copper, and its thickness is 0.018mm; The material of reflector element is copper, and its thickness is 0.018mm; Herein, the structure growth parameter S is the length sum of first main line and the first right angle chine.The growth pattern of the man-made structures unit on this phase-shifting unit sees also Figure 13; Its amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit with this artificial construction unit with the variation of structure growth parameter S as shown in figure 14.As can be seen from the figure, the amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit is the continuous increase continually varying along with the S parameter, and the excursion of the amount of phase shift of this phase-shifting unit is probably at the 10-150 degree, and the difference of its maximum amount of phase shift and minimum amount of phase shift is about 140 degree, less than 360 degree.
(3) be the phase-shifting unit of the man-made structures unit formation of another kind of form as shown in figure 11, this man-made structures unit has the first backbone GX1 and the second dried main line GX2 that vertically divides equally mutually, the first backbone GX1 is identical with the geomery of the second dried main line GX2, the first backbone GX1 two ends are connected with two first straight line ZX1 that extend in opposite direction, the second backbone GX2 two ends are connected with two second straight line ZX2 that extend in opposite direction, the first straight line ZX1 is identical with the geomery of the second straight line ZX2, the first straight line ZX1 and the second straight line ZX2 are parallel to two limits of square substrate unit V respectively, the angle of the first straight line ZX1 and the first backbone GX2 is 45 degree, and the angle of the second straight line ZX2 and the second backbone GX2 is 45 degree.In this phase-shifting unit, the material of base board unit V is polystyrene (PS), and its dielectric constant is 2.7, and loss angle tangent is 0.0009; The physical size of base board unit V is that thickness 2mm, cross section figure are that the length of side is the square of 2mm; The material of man-made structures unit is copper, and its thickness is 0.018mm; The material of reflector element is copper, and its thickness is 0.018mm.Herein, the structure growth parameter S is the length sum of first main line and first broken line.The growth pattern of the man-made structures unit on this phase-shifting unit sees also Figure 15; Its amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit with this artificial construction unit with the variation of structure growth parameter S as shown in figure 16.As can be seen from the figure, the amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit is the continuous increase continually varying along with the S parameter, and the excursion of the amount of phase shift of this phase-shifting unit is probably at the 10-130 degree, and the difference of its maximum amount of phase shift and minimum amount of phase shift is about 120 degree, less than 360 degree.
In addition, the alabastrine man-made structures unit further in plane shown in Figure 5 has other distortion.
Fig. 6 is a kind of derived structure of alabastrine man-made structures unit, plane shown in Figure 5.Its two ends at each first F1 of metal branch and each second F2 of metal branch all are connected with identical the 3rd F3 of metal branch, and the mid point of corresponding the 3rd F3 of metal branch links to each other with the end points of first F1 of metal branch and second F2 of metal branch respectively.The rest may be inferred, and the utility model can also derive the man-made structures unit of other form.The base shape of just man-made structures cell geometry growth shown in Figure 6.
Fig. 7 is a kind of distressed structure of alabastrine man-made structures unit, plane shown in Figure 5, the man-made structures unit of this kind structure, the first metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 are not straight lines, but folding line, the first metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 are provided with two kink WZ, but the first metal wire J1 remains vertical with the second metal wire J2 to be divided equally, by arrange kink towards with the relative position of kink on first metal wire and second metal wire, make man-made structures unit shown in Figure 7 wind to revolve the figure that turn 90 degrees with the axis of the second metal wire intersection point to any direction perpendicular to first metal wire all to overlap with former figure.In addition, other distortion can also be arranged, for example, the first metal wire J1 and the second metal wire J2 all arrange a plurality of kink WZ.The base shape of just man-made structures cell geometry growth shown in Figure 7.
Except the man-made structures unit of three kinds of above-mentioned topological structures, the utility model can also have the man-made structures unit of other topological structure.Triangle metal sheet shown in Figure 17 a; Square-shaped metal sheet shown in Figure 17 b, the circular metal plate shown in Figure 17 c; Circular metal ring shown in Figure 17 d; Square metal ring shown in Figure 17 e etc.Also can obtain having the amount of phase shift of phase-shifting unit of above-mentioned man-made structures unit by said method with the change curve of structure growth parameter S.
If the amount of phase shift scope of the phase-shifting unit that obtains by above-mentioned growth has comprised the amount of phase shift scope (can get required maximum amount of phase shift and minimum amount of phase shift simultaneously) of our needs, then satisfy the design needs.Do not satisfy the design needs if above-mentioned growth obtains the amount of phase shift excursion of phase-shifting unit, for example the amount of phase shift maximum is too little or the amount of phase shift minimum value is excessive, then changes WL and W, and emulation again is up to obtaining the amount of phase shift excursion that we need.
Electromagenetic wave radiation directional diagram according to expectation, distribute by the amount of phase shift that calculates on the reflectarray antenna, growing method by above-mentioned man-made structures unit obtains corresponding man-made structures cell size and the distributed intelligence of amount of phase shift distribution, can obtain feature board of the present utility model, side at feature board arranges the reflector, namely formed the reflection permutation antenna of modulated electromagnetic wave antenna pattern of the present utility model, this reflectarray antenna can be realized the electromagenetic wave radiation directional diagram of expecting.
Three kinds of application of reflectarray antenna of the present utility model are described below, should be understood that, the utility model is not limited to this three kinds of application scenarioss.
(1) electromagnetic wave that will have a broad beam directional diagram is modulated into the electromagnetic wave with narrow beam directional diagram
In order to reach the purpose of modulated electromagnetic wave antenna pattern, at first find out the amount of phase shift of each phase-shifting unit correspondence of reflectarray antenna described in the utility model, that is to say the amount of phase shift distribution situation that will obtain or design on the reflectarray antenna.
In this example in the elementary feed directional diagram of broad beam its beamwidth be 31.8 degree, target is that this broad beam directional diagram is changed to the narrow beam directional diagram, and beamwidth control is in 4 degree.Elementary feed directional diagram as shown in figure 18.
In this example, it is foursquare square sheet that phase-shifting unit is designed to the cross section figure, the foursquare length of side is no more than 2.7mm, it is 1/7th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, arrange 166 * 166=27556 the phase-shifting unit of on the flat board of one 450mm * 450mm size, can arranging according to square grid.Method for designing in conjunction with the amount of phase shift of each phase-shifting unit mentioned above in step S1, arranges the excursion of amount of phase shift, as an adjustable parameter, as target function, then has optimization problem as follows with beamwidth with the amount of phase shift of each phase-shifting unit:
Θ=[θ wherein
1, θ
2..., θ
n] for comprising the vector space of all adjustable parameters, be the vector of the amount of phase shift of n phase-shifting unit in this example,
Be solution space (i.e. the excursion of the amount of phase shift of She Zhiing).In this example, n=27556, adjustable parameter are very huge, and it is a very complicated higher-dimension optimization problem that the amount of phase shift of seeking the narrowest phase-shifting unit that makes electromagenetic wave radiation directional diagram optimum of beamwidth so distributes.We can fill method for designing and space interpolation method in conjunction with the space and will optimize dimension and be reduced to about 1000 dimensions from 27556 dimensions, are specially:
Among the step S2, generate the sampling vector space Θ of a m=1000 phase-shifting unit
0=[θ
10, θ
20..., θ
M0];
Among the step S3, according to 1000 phase-shifting units sampling vector space Θ
0, any interpolation methods such as use Gaussian process interpolation, spline interpolation calculate the amount of phase shift of a remaining n-m phase-shifting unit, generate the vector space Θ of the new amount of phase shift of n phase-shifting unit
i=[θ
1, θ
2..., θ
m, θ
M+1, θ
M+2..., θ
n];
Among the step S4, utilize Computer Simulation Θ
iTo the beamwidth T (Θ after the assigned direction figure modulation
i), the optimization method (as simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, TABU search etc.) according to default generates a new sampling vector space, makes i=i+1, and carries out the vector space Θ that interpolation generates new amount of phase shift according to new sampling vector space
I+1, circulation is carried out until satisfying preset requirement.
Obtain after the amount of phase shift distribution, growing method by man-made structures unit mentioned above obtains the shape of the man-made structures unit on each phase-shifting unit and the information of arranging again, alabastrine man-made structures unit, the plane growth as shown in Figure 5 of tool ground, employing obtains the phase-shifting unit phase-shift phase excursion of needs.
The reflectarray antenna that obtains is applied an elementary feed as shown in figure 18, carry out emulation testing, obtain its directional diagram as shown in figure 19.Its beamwidth is 3.16 degree.Realized broad beam directional diagram electromagnetic wave to the electromagnetic modulation of narrow beam directional diagram, namely in this example, reflectarray antenna is transmitting antenna.
(2) electromagnetic wave that will have a narrow beam directional diagram is modulated into the electromagnetic wave with broad beam directional diagram
By said method can also design narrow beam directional diagram electromagnetic wave be modulated to the broad beam directional diagram reflectarray antenna, narrow beam directional diagram electromagnetic wave is modulated to the situation of broad beam directional diagram and above-mentioned broad beam directional diagram electromagnetic wave is modulated to the narrow beam directional diagram, is a reversible process in fact.Broad beam directional diagram electromagnetic wave is modulated to the narrow beam directional diagram and can be regarded as emission, and narrow beam directional diagram electromagnetic wave is modulated to the broad beam directional diagram and can be regarded as reception, and namely in this example, reflectarray antenna is reception antenna.
(3) main beam pointing of change electromagnetic wave directional diagram
Can also design the antenna that changes the electromagnetic wave main beam pointing by said method, in step S1, the excursion of amount of phase shift is set, with the amount of phase shift of each phase-shifting unit as an adjustable parameter, as the target function parameter index, as shown in figure 18, be the antenna pattern of elementary feed with beamwidth and main beam pointing, its main beam pointing is 0 degree, and beamwidth is 3.16 degree.Target is that the direction of main beam is changed into 45 degree, and beamwidth control is in 4 degree.
The reflectarray antenna that obtains is applied an elementary feed as shown in figure 18, carry out emulation testing, obtain its directional diagram as shown in figure 20.Its main beam pointing is 45 degree, and beamwidth is 3.7 degree.Realized the direction of main beam is changed into 45 degree, beamwidth control is spent with interior target 4.
By changing the electromagnetic wave main beam pointing, can avoid electromagnetic interference., if a large amount of electromagnetic waves directly reflexes in the control room by the deck, will produce serious disturbance to the electronic equipment in control room for example aboard ship, influence navigation safety.At this moment, if be equipped with above-mentioned antenna above deck, disturb the electromagnetic wave main beam pointing thereby change, make most of energy of electromagnetism reflex to other places, thereby promoted the ability of the anti-electromagnetic interference of electronic equipment in the control room.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment of the present utility model is described above; but the utility model is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment only is schematic; rather than it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present utility model; not breaking away under the scope situation that the utility model aim and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, these all belong within the protection of the present utility model.
Claims (33)
1. a reflectarray antenna is characterized in that, comprising:
Feature board is used for incident electromagnetic wave is carried out the wave beam modulation; Described feature board comprises that two or more have the feature board unit of phase shift function; At least one man-made structures unit to incident electromagnetic wave generation electromagnetic response that described feature board unit comprises base board unit and is arranged on described base board unit one side;
The reflector is used for reflection electromagnetic wave, is arranged on a side opposite with the man-made structures unit of feature board;
Distance between the geometric center of adjacent two feature board unit is less than 1/7th of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
2. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the distance between the geometric center of described adjacent two feature board unit is identical.
3. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described feature board is one deck structure or the sandwich construction that is made of a plurality of lamellas.
4. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described base board unit is made by ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
5. reflectarray antenna according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described macromolecular material is polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimides, polyethylene, polyether-ether-ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene or epoxy resin.
6. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described man-made structures unit is the structure with geometrical pattern that electric conducting material constitutes.
7. reflectarray antenna according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described electric conducting material is metal or non-metallic conducting material.
8. reflectarray antenna according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described metal is gold, silver, copper, billon, silver alloy, copper alloy, kirsite or aluminium alloy.
9. reflectarray antenna according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described non-metallic conducting material is electrically conductive graphite, indium tin oxide or Al-Doped ZnO.
10. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna also comprises for the protective layer that covers described man-made structures unit.
11. reflectarray antenna according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described protective layer is polystyrene plastics film, polyethylene terephthalate's plastic film or high impact polystyrene plastic film.
12. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna is modulated into the electromagnetic wave with narrow beam directional diagram for the electromagnetic wave that will have the broad beam directional diagram.
13. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna is modulated into the electromagnetic wave with broad beam directional diagram for the electromagnetic wave that will have the narrow beam directional diagram.
14. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna is used for changing the main beam pointing of electromagnetic wave directional diagram.
15. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described feature board is curved surface shape or plane.
16. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reflector is curved surface shape or plane.
17. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reflector is attached at described feature board one side surface.
18. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described reflector and described feature board space arrange.
19. reflectarray antenna according to claim 17 is characterized in that, described reflector is metal coating or metallic film.
20. reflectarray antenna according to claim 17 is characterized in that, described reflector is the metal grill reflector.
21. reflectarray antenna according to claim 20 is characterized in that, described metal grill reflector is made of the sheet metal of multi-disc space, the single metal sheet be shaped as triangle or polygon.
22. reflectarray antenna according to claim 21 is characterized in that, described single metal sheet be shaped as square.
23. reflectarray antenna according to claim 21 is characterized in that, described multi-disc sheet metal interval each other is less than 1/20th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
24. reflectarray antenna according to claim 20 is characterized in that, the serve as reasons network structure with many mesh of the crisscross formation of many metal line of described metal grill reflector, single mesh be shaped as triangle or polygon.
25. reflectarray antenna according to claim 24 is characterized in that, described single mesh be shaped as square.
26. reflectarray antenna according to claim 25 is characterized in that, the length of side of described single mesh is less than 1/2nd of the incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, and the live width of described many metal line is more than or equal to 0.01mm.
27. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross section of described base board unit is triangle or polygon.
28. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross section of described base board unit is equilateral triangle, square, rhombus, regular pentagon, regular hexagon or octagon.
29. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the distance between the geometric center of described adjacent functional plate unit is less than 1/8th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
30. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the distance between the geometric center of described adjacent functional plate unit is less than 1/10th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength.
31. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna works in the Ku wave band, and described base board unit thickness is 0.5-4mm.
32. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna works in X-band, and described base board unit thickness is 0.7-6.5mm.
33. reflectarray antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described antenna works in C-band, and described base board unit thickness is 1-12mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220590587 CN203119101U (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | Reflective array antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220590587 CN203119101U (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | Reflective array antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203119101U true CN203119101U (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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ID=48899419
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220590587 Expired - Fee Related CN203119101U (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | Reflective array antenna |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203119101U (en) |
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2012
- 2012-11-09 CN CN 201220590587 patent/CN203119101U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Granted publication date: 20130807 Termination date: 20201109 |