CN107240778B - Metamaterial antenna housing - Google Patents

Metamaterial antenna housing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107240778B
CN107240778B CN201710472921.1A CN201710472921A CN107240778B CN 107240778 B CN107240778 B CN 107240778B CN 201710472921 A CN201710472921 A CN 201710472921A CN 107240778 B CN107240778 B CN 107240778B
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structure layer
metal structure
layer
metamaterial
dielectric substrate
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CN107240778A (en
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闫明宝
王甲富
屈绍波
张介秋
郑麟
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Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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Air Force Engineering University of PLA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0053Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/422Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H01Q15/242Polarisation converters

Abstract

The invention discloses a metamaterial antenna housing, which comprises: the polarization rotation metamaterial layer comprises a first dielectric substrate and a first metal structure layer; the frequency selective surface layer comprises two second dielectric substrates, a second metal structure layer, a third metal structure layer and a fourth metal structure layer; the first dielectric substrate and the second metal structure layer are respectively attached to the two side surfaces of the honeycomb structure layer. Therefore, the metamaterial antenna housing provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize efficient wave transmission of electromagnetic waves in the working frequency band of the frequency selective surface radome by arranging the polarization rotating metamaterial layer, the honeycomb structure layer and the frequency selective surface layer, and can rotate the polarization direction of the reflected electromagnetic waves outside the working frequency band by utilizing the metamaterial layer to cause the polarization mode mismatch of the reflected electromagnetic waves and the enemy detection electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving the purpose of invisibility of an enemy detection radar system and having important application prospect.

Description

Metamaterial antenna housing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stealth antenna covers, in particular to a metamaterial antenna cover.
Background
The frequency selective surface is a two-dimensional periodic structure formed by periodically arranged patch elements or slot elements, and shows a frequency selective filter characteristic for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, namely, the selection characteristic changes along with the change of frequency, and the electromagnetic waves in some frequency bands can completely pass through the frequency selective surface, and the electromagnetic waves in other frequency bands can completely reflect. Therefore, the frequency selective surface is also called a spatial electromagnetic filter, and the most important application thereof is to design a hybrid radome.
The frequency selective surface stealth radome belongs to the category of shape stealth and must be assisted by the geometrical shape of the radar cover so that the electromagnetic waves are reflected in a direction deviating from the incoming waves: on one hand, the reflected electromagnetic waves cannot be received by an enemy detection radar; on the other hand, electromagnetic waves are prevented from entering the radome, so that strong scattering is generated through secondary excitation of the antenna, and out-of-band stealth of the radar is achieved.
However, the prior art frequency selective surface stealth technique fails for electromagnetic waves incident perpendicular to the cover or when facing a bistatic radar detection system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a metamaterial antenna housing, and solves the problem that a frequency selective surface stealth technology in the prior art is difficult to be stealthed for a vertical incidence electromagnetic wave or a double-base radar system.
The metamaterial antenna housing provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the polarization rotation metamaterial layer comprises a first dielectric substrate and a first metal structure layer, the first metal structure layer is attached to the surface of one side of the first dielectric substrate and comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged strip-shaped metal blocks, and the included angle between the strip-shaped metal blocks and the edge of the first dielectric substrate is 45 degrees; the frequency selection surface layer comprises two second dielectric substrates, a second metal structure layer, a third metal structure layer and a fourth metal structure layer, the third metal structure layer is arranged between the two second dielectric substrates and is of an orthogonal cross grid structure, the second metal structure layer and the fourth metal structure layer are respectively arranged on the outer side surfaces of the two second dielectric substrates, the second metal structure layer and the fourth metal structure layer are formed by a plurality of square patches which are the same in size and are periodically arranged, and the central points of the square patches and the central points of the orthogonal cross grid are in one-to-one correspondence in the vertical direction; the first dielectric substrate and the second metal structure layer are respectively attached to the two side surfaces of the nest structure layer.
Preferably, in the metamaterial radome provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the first dielectric substrate is FR4, the second dielectric substrate is F4B, and the first metal structure layer, the second metal structure layer (302), the third metal structure layer, and the fourth metal structure layer are made of copper.
Preferably, in the metamaterial radome provided by the embodiment of the invention, the honeycomb structure layer is an aramid paper honeycomb.
Preferably, in the metamaterial radome provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the first dielectric substrate has a thickness of 0.018mm, the strip-shaped metal blocks have a width of 1.8mm and a length of 14mm, the side length of the rotationally polarized metamaterial unit where each strip-shaped metal block is located is 12mm, the second dielectric substrate has a thickness of 2mm, and the side length of the frequency selective surface unit where each square patch and the orthogonal cross grid are located is 9 mm.
Preferably, in the metamaterial antenna cover provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate is 4.3(1-j0.025), and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate is 2.65(1-j 0.001); the first metal structure layer, the second metal structure layer, the third metal structure layer and the fourth metal structure layer have the electric conductivity of 5.8 multiplied by 107S/m。
To sum up, the metamaterial radome provided by the embodiment of the present invention can realize efficient wave transmission of electromagnetic waves in a working frequency band of a frequency selective surface radome by providing a polarization rotation metamaterial layer including a metal layer and a dielectric substrate, a honeycomb structure layer, and a frequency selective surface layer including two dielectric substrates and three metal structure layers arranged at intervals, and can rotate a polarization direction of reflected electromagnetic waves outside the working frequency band by using the metamaterial layer, that is, horizontal polarization (vertical polarization) is changed into vertical polarization (horizontal polarization), so that a polarization mode of the reflected electromagnetic waves is mismatched with a polarization mode of enemy detection electromagnetic waves, and even if the electromagnetic waves returned from the original path cannot be received, the purpose of invisibility of an enemy detection radar system is achieved, and the metamaterial radome has an important application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial radome provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a metamaterial radome according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization rotation metamaterial layer of a metamaterial radome provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency selective surface layer of a metamaterial radome provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a simulation curve of a frequency selective surface and a polarization rotation metamaterial unit of a metamaterial antenna housing provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be understood that the periodic arrangement of the sub-wavelength structural units on the two-dimensional plane on the metamaterial surface is a branch of the research and development of the metamaterial. By adjusting the structure of the constituent unit, the characteristics of the transmission direction, polarization mode, transmission mode, phase and the like of the reflected or transmitted electromagnetic wave can be adjusted and controlled. Has important application prospect in the fields of stealth new technology, microwave optical devices, antenna systems and the like. Once developed, hypersurfaces are rapidly becoming a hotspot and predecessor for academic research. The metamaterial surface associated with the polarization mode is also referred to as a polarization rotating super surface.
For convenience of understanding and explanation, the metamaterial radome provided by the embodiment of the invention is explained in detail by using fig. 1 to 5. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial radome according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the radome may include:
the polarization rotation metamaterial layer 100 comprises a first dielectric substrate 101 and a first metal structure layer 102, the first metal structure layer 102 is attached to one side surface of the first dielectric substrate 101, the first metal structure layer 102 comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged strip-shaped metal blocks 102a, and an included angle between the plurality of strip-shaped metal blocks 102a and the edge of the first dielectric substrate 101 is 45 degrees; the frequency selective surface layer 300 includes two second dielectric substrates 301, a second metal structure layer 302, a third metal structure layer 303 and a fourth metal structure layer 304, the third metal structure layer 303 is disposed between the two second dielectric substrates 301, the third metal structure layer 303 is an orthogonal cross grid structure, the second metal structure layer 302 and the fourth metal structure layer 303 are respectively disposed on the outer side surfaces of the two second dielectric substrates 301, the second metal structure layer 302 and the fourth metal structure layer 304 are formed by a plurality of square patches which have the same size and are periodically arranged, and the central points of the square patches and the central points of the orthogonal cross grid are in one-to-one correspondence in the vertical direction; the first dielectric substrate 101 and the second metal structure layer 302 are respectively attached to two side surfaces of the honeycomb structure layer 200.
Specifically, the metamaterial radome provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be first provided with a dielectric substrate, that is, the first dielectric substrate 101, and then a metal particle layer, that is, the first metal layer structure 102, is attached to one side surface of the dielectric substrate. In practice, the metal particle layer may be a plurality of uniformly distributed strip-shaped metal blocks 102a, and the direction of the plurality of strip-shaped metal blocks 102a forms an angle θ of 45 ° with the first dielectric substrate 101. That is, the first dielectric substrate 101 and the second metal structure layer 102 form a polarization rotation metamaterial layer 100. Further, two dielectric substrates, i.e., two second dielectric substrates 301, need to be disposed, and then a second metal structure layer 302 is disposed between the two second dielectric substrates 301. Namely, a second metal structure layer 302 is attached to one side surface of one of the second dielectric substrates 301, so that the second metal structure layer 302 is in an orthogonal cross grid structure, and then the other second dielectric substrate 301 is adhered to the second metal structure layer 302. In addition, a third metal structure layer 303 and a fourth metal structure layer 304 are respectively attached to the other side surfaces of the two second dielectric substrates 301, and the third metal structure layer 303 and the fourth metal structure layer 304 are square patches. Further, the center of the orthogonal cross grid of the second metal structure layer 302 corresponds to the center point of the square patch of the other two metal structure layers in the vertical direction, that is, the center of the orthogonal cross grid and the center of the square patch are located on the same vertical line of the two dielectric substrates 301. The above structure is the frequency selective surface layer 300. Finally, a honeycomb structure layer 200 is arranged between the polarization rotation metamaterial layer 100 and the frequency selection surface layer 300, namely, a honeycomb structure layer 200 is arranged between the first dielectric substrate 101 and the second metal structure layer 302.
Preferably, in order to improve the stealth effect of the metamaterial radome, the first dielectric substrate 101 may be made of glass fiber epoxy (FR4), the second dielectric substrate 301 may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene (F4B), and the first metal structure layer 102, the second metal structure layer 302, the third metal structure layer 303, and the fourth metal structure layer 304 may be made of copper.
Further, the honeycomb structure layer 200 is made of aramid paper honeycomb, so that the weight is reduced, and the mechanical strength can be enhanced.
It should be understood that the material of the above structure is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the specific choice is determined according to practical situations, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
It should also be understood that, in the metamaterial antenna housing made of the above materials, the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 101 is 4.3(1-j0.025), and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate 301 is 2.65(1-j 0.001); the first metal structure layer 102, the second metal structure layer 302, the third metal structure layer 303 and the fourth metal structure layer 304 have a conductivity of 5.8 × 107S/m。
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic view of an overall structure of a polarization rotation metamaterial radome provided in the embodiment of the present invention, it can be seen from the figure that the metamaterial radome provided in the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a plurality of periodic units of a polarization rotation metamaterial layer 100, a plurality of periodic units of a frequency selective surface layer 300, and a honeycomb structure layer 200. Optionally, as shown in the structural diagram of the polarization rotating metamaterial layer shown in fig. 3, the side length d of the rotating polarization metamaterial unit where each strip-shaped metal block 102a is located is shown1Is 12mm, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 101 is 0.018mm, and the width w of the strip-shaped metal block 102a1Is 1.8mm and has a length a of 14 mm. As shown in the schematic structural diagram of the frequency selective surface layer shown in fig. 4, the side length d of the frequency selective surface unit where each square patch and the orthogonal cross grid are located2(i.e. length of orthogonal cross grid a)2) Is 9mm and the width w of the protruding part of the orthogonal cross grid2Is 3mm, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 301 is 2 mm. In summary, the polarization rotating metamaterial unit period d1Is 12mm and the frequency selects the surface unit period d2Is 9 mm. Therefore, by the array structure of the periodic units arranged on the two sides of the honeycomb structure layer 200, the unit period side length of the designed metamaterial antenna housing is determined to be 36mm, and the thickness of the aramid paper honeycomb is 6.5 mm.
It should be understood that the above structural dimensions are only exemplary, the specific dimensions are determined according to practical situations, and the invention is not limited thereto.
Fig. 5 shows a simulation curve of the metamaterial antenna housing provided by the embodiment of the invention. As can be seen from the figure, the insertion loss of the antenna housing is less than 1dB in a 4.0-4.9GHz broadband range, and meanwhile, the polarization mode of reflecting electromagnetic waves in a high-frequency 7-17.5 GHz band is guaranteed to be changed, so that high-frequency stealth is achieved.
In summary, the metamaterial radome provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a polarization rotation metamaterial layer including a metal layer and a dielectric substrate, a honeycomb structure layer, and a frequency selective surface layer including two dielectric substrates and three metal structure layers disposed at intervals, so that efficient wave transmission of electromagnetic waves in a working frequency band of the frequency selective surface radome can be achieved, and meanwhile, a polarization direction of reflected electromagnetic waves outside the working frequency band can be rotated by using the metamaterial layer, that is, horizontal polarization (vertical polarization) is changed into vertical polarization (horizontal polarization), so that a polarization mode of the reflected electromagnetic waves is mismatched with a polarization mode of detection electromagnetic waves of an enemy, and even if the electromagnetic waves returned from the original path cannot be received, the purpose of hiding an enemy detection radar system is achieved, and the metamaterial radome has an important application prospect.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A metamaterial filter radome, comprising: the polarization rotating metamaterial layer (100), the honeycomb structure layer (200) and the frequency selective surface layer (300) are arranged on the honeycomb structure layer, the polarization rotating metamaterial layer (100) comprises a first dielectric substrate (101) and a first metal structure layer (102), the first metal structure layer (102) is attached to one side surface of the first dielectric substrate (101), the first metal structure layer (102) comprises a plurality of uniformly arranged strip-shaped metal blocks (102a), and included angles between the strip-shaped metal blocks (102a) and the edge of the first dielectric substrate (101) are 45 degrees; the frequency selection surface layer (300) comprises two second dielectric substrates (301), a second metal structure layer (302), a third metal structure layer (303) and a fourth metal structure layer (304), the third metal structure layer (303) is arranged between the two second dielectric substrates (301), the third metal structure layer (303) is of an orthogonal cross grid structure, the second metal structure layer (302) and the fourth metal structure layer (303) are respectively arranged on the outer side surfaces of the two second dielectric substrates (301), the second metal structure layer (302) and the fourth metal structure layer (304) are composed of a plurality of square patches which are identical in size and are arranged periodically, and the central points of the square patches and the central points of the orthogonal cross grid are in one-to-one correspondence in the vertical direction; the first dielectric substrate (101) and the second metal structure layer (302) are respectively attached to two side surfaces of the honeycomb structure layer (200).
2. The metamaterial filter radome of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate (101) is an epoxy glass fiber board FR4, the second dielectric substrate (301) is a polytetrafluoroethylene F4B, and the first metal structure layer (102), the second metal structure layer (302), the third metal structure layer (303), and the fourth metal structure layer (304) are copper metal.
3. The metamaterial filter radome of claim 1, wherein the honeycomb structure layer (200) is an aramid paper honeycomb.
4. The metamaterial filter radome of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the thickness of the first dielectric substrate (101) is 0.018mm, the width of the strip-shaped metal blocks (102a) is 1.8mm, the length of the strip-shaped metal blocks is 14mm, and the side length of the rotationally polarized metamaterial unit where each strip-shaped metal block (102a) is located is 12 mm; the thickness of the second dielectric substrate (301) is 2mm, and the side length of each frequency selection surface unit where the square patches and the orthogonal cross grids are located is 9 mm.
5. The metamaterial filter radome of claim 4, wherein the first dielectric substrate (101) has a dielectric constant of 4.3(1-j0.025), and the second dielectric substrate (301) has a dielectric constant of 2.65(1-j 0.001); the first metal structure layer (102), the second metal structure layer (302), the third metal structure layer (303) and the fourth metal structure layer (304) have a conductivity of 5.8 × 107S/m。
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