CN202957634U - Maximum power point (MPPT) tracing and load protection device for photovoltaic cell - Google Patents
Maximum power point (MPPT) tracing and load protection device for photovoltaic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN202957634U CN202957634U CN2012206852463U CN201220685246U CN202957634U CN 202957634 U CN202957634 U CN 202957634U CN 2012206852463 U CN2012206852463 U CN 2012206852463U CN 201220685246 U CN201220685246 U CN 201220685246U CN 202957634 U CN202957634 U CN 202957634U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The utility model provides a maximum power point (MPPT) tracing and load protecting device for a photovoltaic cell. The MPPT tracing and load protecting device comprises voltage and current measurement circuits, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) buck circuit, a cell charging management circuit and MPPT micro control unit (MPPT MCU) control circuit and a load protecting circuit. According to the device, output power of a solar cell is calculated by detecting voltage and current which are output by the solar cell; according to a MPPT tracing strategy, a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal driven DC/DC buck circuit with a corresponding duty ratio is generated, and output current and output voltage of a solar panel changes, so that the MPPT of the solar cell is traced; and simultaneously, output voltage of the DC/DC buck circuit is reduced to reach a voltage input range allowed by the cell charging management circuit, so that a storage cell is charged by the cell charging management circuit and can supply electric energy to the load through the load protecting circuit. Compared with the prior art, the MPPT tracing and load protecting device has the advantages that the charging efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, the storage cell can be charged efficiently and the like.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to area of solar cell, is specifically related to a kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point and follows the tracks of and load protector.
Background technology
Growing along with social production, to the demand of the energy, in continuous growth, the energy crisis in global range also becomes increasingly conspicuous, and the photovoltaic utilization of solar energy is subject to people's attention day by day.Current for making solar cell maintain all the time peak power output, the raising system effectiveness, and, efficiently to the research of photovoltaic cell energy storage method, become the focus of solar cell system research.MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology proposes for improving this problem of system effectiveness.Through years of researches, the control of MPPT has developed the several different methods such as constant voltage tracing, incremental conductance method, disturbance observation, fuzzy control.But in prior art, the charge efficiency of solar cell is not very high, makes the utilization ratio of solar energy not high.
The utility model content
The utility model, for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point to follow the tracks of and load protector, and this maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking and load protector can significantly improve the charge efficiency of solar cell.
The utility model is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of and load protector, comprising:
Two voltage and current measurement circuit, be respectively used to gather voltage and the electric current of solar panel and load output, and export the voltage of collection and electric current to MPPT MCU control circuit; The input of two voltage and current measurement circuit is connected with load with solar panel respectively, and output all is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit;
The DC/DC reduction voltage circuit, for the pwm signal according to the output of MPPT MCU control circuit, change output current and the voltage of solar panel; In the input voltage range that the output voltage of DC/DC reduction voltage circuit allows at battery charging management circuit; The input of DC/DC reduction voltage circuit is connected with solar panel, and output is connected with battery charging management circuit, and control end is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit;
Battery charging management circuit, for being charged to storage battery; The input of battery charging management circuit is connected with the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit, and output is connected with storage battery;
MPPT MCU control circuit, for the electric current and voltage according to solar cell output, calculate the power output of solar cell; And, according to the maximum power point tracking strategy, produce the pwm signal of corresponding duty ratio to drive the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit.
Load protection circuit, for playing Cross prevention and restriction load current to storage battery; The input of load protection circuit is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit with storage battery, and output is connected with load.
Further, it also comprises that one provides the voltage-stabilized power supply circuit of power supply for MPPT MCU control circuit; The input of voltage-stabilized power supply circuit is connected with storage battery, and output is connected with the power interface of MPPT MCU control circuit.
Further, described MPPT MCU control circuit comprises connected ADC0808 modulus conversion chip and AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described voltage and current measurement circuit adopt the CSM006NPT Hall current sensor to gather the electric current of solar panel output, adopt the electric resistance partial pressure method to gather the voltage of solar panel output.
Further, described battery charging management circuit comprises BQ24650 rechargeable solar battery controller and peripheral circuit thereof.
The electric current and voltage that maximum power of photovoltaic cell point described in the utility model is followed the tracks of and load protector is exported by detecting solar cell, calculate the power output of solar cell, according to the MPPT maximum power point tracking strategy, the pwm signal that produces corresponding duty ratio drives the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit, change output current and the voltage of solar panel, and then the peak power output point of sun-tracing energy battery, meanwhile make DC/DC reduction voltage circuit output voltage drop to the input voltage range that battery charging management circuit allows, complete the charging to storage battery by battery charging management circuit.Simultaneously; the utility model is by detecting the electric current and voltage of load output, judge whether storage battery is crossed to put, and whether judgement flows through the electric current of load over preset value; if storage battery is crossed and put or the electric current of the load of flowing through surpasses preset value and turn-offed the metal-oxide-semiconductor of on-off action, play and protect storage battery and load.The utility model adopts the maximum power point tracking technology to make solar cell remain at maximum power output; And by battery charging management circuit, storage battery is efficiently charged.Compared with prior art the utlity model has the charge efficiency that can improve solar cell, and can carry out to storage battery the advantage such as efficient charging.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The structured flowchart that Fig. 1 is maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking described in the utility model and load protector;
The circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 2 is current measurement part in voltage and current measurement circuit;
The circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 3 is voltage measurement part in voltage and current measurement circuit;
The circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 4 is the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit;
The circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 5 is MPPT MCU control circuit;
The circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 6 is battery charging management circuit;
The circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 7 is load protection circuit;
The circuit theory diagrams that Fig. 8 is voltage-stabilized power supply circuit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in more detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model provides a kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point to follow the tracks of and load protector, comprise: two voltage and current measurement circuit, for gathering the voltage and current of solar panel and load output, and export the voltage and current of collection to MPPT MCU control circuit; The input of two voltage and current measurement circuit is connected with load with solar panel respectively, and output is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit; The DC/DC reduction voltage circuit, for the pwm signal according to the output of MPPT MCU control circuit, change output current and the voltage of solar panel; In the input voltage range that the output voltage of DC/DC reduction voltage circuit allows at battery charging management circuit; The input of DC/DC reduction voltage circuit is connected with solar panel, and output is connected with battery charging management circuit, and control end is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit; Battery charging management circuit, for being charged to storage battery; The input of battery charging management circuit is connected with the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit, and output is connected with storage battery; MPPT MCU control circuit, for the electric current and voltage according to solar cell output, calculate the power output of solar cell; And, according to the maximum power point tracking strategy, produce the pwm signal of corresponding duty ratio to drive the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit.Load protection circuit, for playing Cross prevention and restriction load current to storage battery; The input of load protection circuit is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit with storage battery, and output is connected with load.
The utility model takes CSM006NPT Hall current sensor conversion to obtain current parameters, this transducer can by input 0~± the 19.2A current conversion becomes the voltage of 2.5 ± 1% (offset voltage at zero point)+0.625 ± 0.5V.As Fig. 2, by the CSM006NPT Hall current sensor, the tested current conversion of I is become to voltage, then the output voltage V converted to is incorporated into to Chip Microcomputer A/D sampling channel.According to CSM006NPT Hall current sensor operation instruction, the output voltage V conversion relational expression after the tested electric current of known I and conversion:
This relational expression is updated to single-chip microcomputer, according to the A/D sampling numerical value of single-chip microcomputer, the anti-actual value that just can obtain the tested electric current of I that pushes away of through type (1).
The utility model, for the measurement of solar panel output end voltage, adopts the electric resistance partial pressure method, and, after the passing ratio translation circuit, tested voltage is incorporated into to Chip Microcomputer A/D input channel.Obtain actual tested magnitude of voltage by computing.As shown in Figure 3, tested voltage end access needs the solar energy terminal voltage of measuring, and the Vout termination enters Chip Microcomputer A/D input channel.
According to voltage divider principle, tested voltage V and amplification voltage Vout, conversion relational expression:
This relational expression (2) is updated in single-chip microcomputer, according to the A/D sampling numerical value of single-chip microcomputer, just can obtains the actual value of tested voltage.
The circuit theory diagrams of DC/DC reduction voltage circuit as shown in Figure 4, by switching tube Q1, diode D1, D2, energy storage inductor L0 and electric capacity of voltage regulation C3 and filtering capacitance of voltage regulation C4 form.According to the operation principle of solar cell, the voltage at solar panel two ends and electric current are mainly be subject to the impact of ambient temperature and intensity of illumination and change.And, in the situation that the input maximum power point changes, the DC/DC power inverter need to carry out decompression transformation automatically according to different equivalent load situations, to keep the stable of busbar voltage.What in the utility model, we selected is 2 of 10W/17V solar panels (series connection), and the scope of battery charging management circuit input voltage is 5-28V, therefore we can not directly receive the output voltage of solar panel the two ends of battery charging management circuit, must be first to its process step-down.Introduced reduction voltage circuit (BUCK) for addressing this problem us, in step-down, we have introduced MPPT control, maximum power point is followed the trail of, made the solar cell power output approach maximum power point, for battery charging management circuit accurately reaches maximum power point, reduced the disturbance time.According to constant voltage process, maximum power point voltage Um is about 0.76 times of Uos of open circuit voltage, and when we can derive two solar cell maximum power points, output is approximately 25.8V, now meets the input voltage of battery charging management circuit fully.Therefore the DC/DC circuit had both played the effect of step-down in whole system, played again the effect of following the trail of maximum power point simultaneously.
Switching device Q1 connects with DC input voitage Vin as single-pole single-throw switch (SPST).In switch periods T, the Q1 ON time is Ton.During the Q1 conducting, the V1 point voltage is Vin.When Q1 turn-offs, the V1 point voltage quickly falls to zero.If do not have clamp diode D2 (also claiming fly-wheel diode) by its clamper in ground, V1 point voltage waveform can fall very negatively and damage Q1.According to the voltage of electric capacity, can not suddenly change, capacitor C 3 has played the effect of voltage stabilizing, thereby obtains the direct voltage without the spike ripple-free at input Vin end; Thereby the on off state that whole BUCK circuit produces the PWM control switch Q1 of corresponding duty ratio by controller MCU reaches step-down and maximum power point tracking.
The maximum power point tracking strategy is a lot, and commonly used have constant voltage-tracing method, incremental conductance method, disturbance observation, a fuzzy control etc., and diverse ways has pluses and minuses separately.In order to reduce more turbulence loss eliminating program, occur out-of-sequencely, the utility model adopts stagnant ring comparison method, and it is simple that the method is controlled thinking, and power is followed the trail of and realized easily.Stagnant ring comparison method can not followed the fast moving working point when the quantity of illumination changes fast, but tracks maximum power point when the quantity of illumination is stablized again, to reduce turbulence loss.
The circuit theory diagrams of MPPT MCU control circuit as shown in Figure 5, we have used ADC0808 modulus conversion chip and AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer to be sampled to solar cell output voltage and electric current, calculate the power in its this moment, then the power in itself and the upper moment was compared, adjusting pulsewidth again, control the step-down of DC/DC circuit, realize following the trail of the peak power output point near solar cell.
Battery charging management circuit as shown in Figure 6.BQ24650 is highly integrated switching mode battery charge controller, and input voltage regulation is provided, and at input voltage, can reduce charging current during lower than program level.BQ24650 adopts peak power point tracking technique, by the voltage of control circuit detecting real-time input power, and follows the trail of peak power value (P=VI), and system is charged a battery with the highest power.BQ24650 provides the synchronous PWM controller that frequency is constant, has that high accuracy electric current and voltage-regulation, charging preset, charging termination and a charged state monitoring function.It is battery charging that BQ24650 divides three phases: preset, constant current and constant voltage.When electric current reach rapid charge rate 1/10 the time, charging will stop.The precharge timer is fixed on 30 minutes.If cell voltage drops to below internal threshold, the bq24650 charge cycle that will reset automatically,, enter under the low quiescent current sleep pattern during lower than cell voltage when input voltage.If VCC voltage is greater than SRN voltage, and meet other charge conditions, bq24650 will charge the battery.If SRN voltage is greater than VCC, show that battery is power source, bq24650 will enter low quiescent current (<15 μ A) park mode, to reduce the storage battery leakage current.If VCC is during lower than the UVLO threshold value, this equipment is disabled.
The BQ24650 battery charge control circuit has a maximum power setting point pin MPPSET, circuit as shown in Figure 6, when input voltage too low, in the time of lower than maximum power point voltage, R24, R25 dividing potential drop are lower than 1.2V, and BQ24650, by control circuit, reduces output current, input voltage rises so, makes it reach the voltage that maximum power point is corresponding.The output voltage V of the feed-forward DC of R24, R25/DC circuit
O, make the MPPTSET terminal voltage maintain 1.2V.And the dividing point of 1.2V is just in time in solar panel maximum power point voltage scope.
According to the constant voltage charge restriction, in circuit, we set R24=816K, R25=40K.Make it remain on 25.8V.(according to the circuit utility model, use a voltage divider from the input source to GND, it is 1.2V that MPPSET voltage is set.Because the open circuit voltage of solar cell is 34V, according to constant voltage process, maximum power point voltage Um is about 0.76 times of Uos of open circuit voltage, can derive Um and be about 25.8V, makes it remain on the maximum power Voltage-output)
The utility model changes output voltage by regulating R19 and R20, and adjustable range is 2.1 V to 26 V approximately.(VFB is charging voltage analog quantity feedback adjusting end.The output that connects a resitstance voltage divider supplies power to this node from battery terminal and adjusts the adjusting of output cell voltage.Be fixed on 2.1V according to utility model circuit requirement VFB port reasonable) output voltage V
OUTAnd the relational expression between regulating resistance R19 and R20:
According to the out-put supply restriction, we get R19 is 540KW, and R20 is 100KW.Thereby output voltage V is set
OUTThe stable 13.5V that remains on.(standby voltage 13.5~13.8V is the scope of storage battery float charge voltage)
The differential SRP(pin one of full scale 0 charging current detects the resistance positive input terminal) and SRN (pin 9 charging currents detection resistance negative input ends) between voltage be fixed to 40 millivolts.In the utility model, R18 resistance is used for controlling charging current.
According to charge-current limit, we get R18 is 0.02W.Thereby initial charge current I is set
CHARGEThe stable 2A that remains on.Circuit adopts high recharge efficiency working method, improves to greatest extent the work running time of circuit.
The design main points of battery charging management circuit are: add TVS to carry out surge protection to input; The input reverse-connection preventing circuit is arranged; Be provided with circuit working indication, load overcurrent protection.Core work device BQ24650 power consumption: the state 25mA that charges the battery, charging completion status 2mA.
When battery tension, during higher than 13.77V, charge management circuit will be forbidden the high side IRL3803 field effect transistor conducting of transducer, stops charge in batteries, until battery tension is lower than 102%(13.77V) voltage-regulation.Output capacitor storage power during stopping charge in batteries on SRP to GND.
As shown in Figure 7, switching device S0 is the battery discharging switch to the schematic diagram of load protection circuit, and when load current is greater than rated current appearance overload or load short circuits, S0 turn-offs, and plays " output overloading protection " and " output short circuit protection " effect.Simultaneously, when battery tension is less than " overdischarge pressure ", S0 also turn-offs, and carries out " over ".D0 is " anti-reverse diode ", and when accumulator polarity connects inverse time, the D0 conducting, make storage battery pass through the D0 short circuit dischange, produces very large electric current and fast fuse FU is blown, and plays " electricity storage preventing pond reverse connecting protection " effect.
In order to make storage battery provide power supply to MPPT MCU control circuit, the utility model also comprises a voltage-stabilized power supply circuit, as shown in Figure 8; The input of voltage-stabilized power supply circuit is connected with storage battery, and output is connected with the power interface of MPPT MCU control circuit.The voltage that storage battery provides is 12V, and microcontroller power supply is used 5V voltage, and the utility model adopts the LM7805CT voltage stabilizing to obtain providing electric energy to single-chip microcomputer after the better 5V DC power supply of waveform.
The utility model not only is confined to above-mentioned embodiment; persons skilled in the art are according to the disclosed content of the utility model; can adopt other multiple embodiment to implement the utility model; therefore; every employing utility model structure of the present utility model and thinking; do some simple utility models that change or change, all fall into the scope of the utility model protection.
Claims (5)
1. a maximum power of photovoltaic cell point is followed the tracks of and load protector, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Two voltage and current measurement circuit, be respectively used to gather voltage and the electric current of solar panel and load output, and export the voltage of collection and electric current to MPPT MCU control circuit; The input of two voltage and current measurement circuit is connected with load with solar panel respectively, and output all is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit;
The DC/DC reduction voltage circuit, for the pwm signal according to the output of MPPT MCU control circuit, change output current and the voltage of solar panel; In the input voltage range that the output voltage of DC/DC reduction voltage circuit allows at battery charging management circuit; The input of DC/DC reduction voltage circuit is connected with solar panel, and output is connected with battery charging management circuit, and control end is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit;
Battery charging management circuit, for being charged to storage battery; The input of battery charging management circuit is connected with the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit, and output is connected with storage battery;
MPPT MCU control circuit, for the electric current and voltage according to solar cell output, calculate the power output of solar cell; And, according to the maximum power point tracking strategy, produce the pwm signal of corresponding duty ratio to drive the DC/DC reduction voltage circuit;
Load protection circuit, for playing Cross prevention and restriction load current to storage battery; The input of load protection circuit is connected with MPPT MCU control circuit with storage battery, and output is connected with load.
2. maximum power of photovoltaic cell point according to claim 1 is followed the tracks of and load protector, it is characterized in that, it also comprises that one provides the voltage-stabilized power supply circuit of power supply for MPPT MCU control circuit; The input of voltage-stabilized power supply circuit is connected with storage battery, and output is connected with the power interface of MPPT MCU control circuit.
3. maximum power of photovoltaic cell point according to claim 1 is followed the tracks of and load protector, it is characterized in that, described MPPT MCU control circuit comprises connected ADC0808 modulus conversion chip and AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer.
4. maximum power of photovoltaic cell point according to claim 1 is followed the tracks of and load protector; it is characterized in that; described voltage and current measurement circuit adopt the CSM006NPT Hall current sensor to gather the electric current of solar panel output, adopt the electric resistance partial pressure method to gather the voltage of solar panel output.
5. maximum power of photovoltaic cell point according to claim 1 is followed the tracks of and load protector, it is characterized in that, described battery charging management circuit comprises BQ24650 rechargeable solar battery controller and peripheral circuit thereof.
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Cited By (12)
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CN104505882A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 深圳航天东方红海特卫星有限公司 | Power supply control circuit |
CN105429586A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳硕日新能源科技有限公司 | Maximum power point tracking control system |
CN106020328A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门华泉智慧能源科技有限公司 | MPPT regulating circuit and method |
CN106020327A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-10-12 | 厦门华泉智慧能源科技有限公司 | MPPT adjusting circuit and adjusting method |
CN107017701A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-08-04 | 中山市中泰能科技有限公司 | A kind of solar energy uninterrupted power source management system |
CN107492866A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-12-19 | 深圳硕日新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of short circuit protection system of controller for solar |
CN108899987A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-11-27 | 福建师范大学 | A kind of solar charging electric control circuit with MPPT function |
CN109286235A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-29 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Power supply system of power system monitoring equipment |
CN111290471A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-16 | 南京工程学院 | Novel maximum power tracking microcontroller of thermoelectric power generation system |
CN115085330A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-20 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Wisdom electric wire netting numerical control solar drive control system |
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CN104505882A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 深圳航天东方红海特卫星有限公司 | Power supply control circuit |
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CN107017701A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-08-04 | 中山市中泰能科技有限公司 | A kind of solar energy uninterrupted power source management system |
CN107492866A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-12-19 | 深圳硕日新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of short circuit protection system of controller for solar |
CN107492866B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-06-25 | 深圳硕日新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of short circuit protection system of solar controller |
CN108899987B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2023-04-25 | 福建师范大学 | Solar charging control circuit with MPPT function |
CN108899987A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-11-27 | 福建师范大学 | A kind of solar charging electric control circuit with MPPT function |
CN109286235A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-29 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Power supply system of power system monitoring equipment |
CN109286235B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2023-08-22 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Power supply system of power system monitoring equipment |
CN111290471A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-16 | 南京工程学院 | Novel maximum power tracking microcontroller of thermoelectric power generation system |
CN115085330A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-20 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Wisdom electric wire netting numerical control solar drive control system |
CN115313605A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-08 | 湖南炬神电子有限公司 | Solar charging MPPT |
CN116974326A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-10-31 | 山东理工大学 | Maximum power point compensation coordination control system and method for photovoltaic array panel |
CN116974326B (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-12-01 | 山东理工大学 | Maximum power point compensation coordination control system and method for photovoltaic array panel |
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