CN116974326B - Maximum power point compensation coordination control system and method for photovoltaic array panel - Google Patents
Maximum power point compensation coordination control system and method for photovoltaic array panel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a maximum power point compensation coordination control system and method for a photovoltaic array panel, which relate to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and have the technical scheme that: the system comprises a photovoltaic array panel, a DC-DC converter, a power compensation module and a main controller; the photovoltaic array panel, the DC-DC converter and the power compensation module are connected in series to form a power compensation loop; the main controller comprises a first control module and a second control module; the input end of the first control module is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic array panel, and the output end of the first control module is connected with the input end of the DC-DC converter; the input end of the second control module is connected with the output end of the first control module, and the output end of the second control module is connected with the input end of the power compensation module. The application can change the upper limit of the change of the output power of the photovoltaic array panel in the process of tracking the maximum power point, effectively improve the timeliness of tracking the maximum power point and simultaneously improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array panel.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a maximum power point compensation coordination control system and method for a photovoltaic array panel.
Background
The photovoltaic array panel is affected by environmental factors such as ambient temperature and illumination intensity, and the maximum power point that the photovoltaic array panel can output is different. And only when the external load is matched with the impedance of the photovoltaic array panel, the photovoltaic array panel outputs the maximum power, and the working point at the moment is called the maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP) of the photovoltaic array panel. And the output power of the photovoltaic array panel is regulated according to different characteristic values such as environmental factors, so that the process of keeping the output power of the photovoltaic array panel at the maximum value all the time is maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT).
The common MPPT control method comprises a disturbance observation method, a fuzzy control method, a hysteresis comparison method, an optimal gradient method, a conductivity increment method and the like, wherein the output voltage and the output current of a photovoltaic array panel are collected, the output power of the photovoltaic array panel is calculated firstly, then a maximum power point is found according to a preset power tracking strategy, and then a front-stage voltage regulation structure of the photovoltaic inverter is controlled based on the maximum power point, namely the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter is regulated. However, since the PWM duty cycle of the DC-DC converter varies linearly during regulation, there is a certain upper limit on the output power regulation rate of the photovoltaic array panel. When environmental factors such as illumination intensity change fast, the output power of the photovoltaic array panel can change in a uniform speed state, so that timeliness of tracking the maximum power point according to the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array panel cannot adapt to the condition that the environmental factors change fast, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array panel is low.
Therefore, how to study and design a system and a method for controlling maximum power point compensation of a photovoltaic array panel, which can overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the application aims to provide a maximum power point compensation coordination control system and method for a photovoltaic array panel, wherein a power compensation module is added between the photovoltaic array panel and a DC-DC converter to form a power compensation loop, so that the upper limit of the change of the output power of the photovoltaic array panel in the process of tracking the maximum power point can be changed, the timeliness of tracking the maximum power point is effectively improved, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array panel is improved.
The technical aim of the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a photovoltaic array panel maximum power point compensation coordination control system is provided, including a photovoltaic array panel, a DC-DC converter, a power compensation module and a main controller;
the photovoltaic array panel, the DC-DC converter and the power compensation module are connected in series to form a power compensation loop;
the main controller comprises a first control module and a second control module;
the input end of the first control module is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic array panel, and the output end of the first control module is connected with the input end of the DC-DC converter;
the input end of the second control module is connected with the output end of the first control module, and the output end of the second control module is connected with the input end of the power compensation module;
after the first control module collects voltage data and current data of the photovoltaic array panel, a maximum power point for realizing MPPT control is calculated according to the voltage data and the current data, and the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter is regulated and controlled according to the maximum power point;
and the second control module controls the power compensation module to be started and stopped according to the change trend of the maximum power point so as to realize charging or discharging of the power compensation loop.
Further, the power compensation module includes:
the charging unit is used for distributing the output power of the photovoltaic array panel as a load;
and a discharge unit for distributing input power to the DC-DC converter as a compensation power source.
Further, the second control module includes:
the mode selection unit is used for selecting a charging mode when the maximum power point is in an increasing change stage and selecting a discharging mode when the maximum power point is in a decreasing change stage;
and the power regulation and control unit is used for regulating the actual compensation power for charging or discharging the power compensation loop according to the change rate increment condition of the maximum power point.
In a second aspect, a method for coordinated control of maximum power point compensation of a photovoltaic array panel is provided, where the method is used in a coordinated control system for maximum power point compensation of a photovoltaic array panel according to any one of the first aspects, and the coordinated control includes maximum power tracking control and power compensation;
the maximum power tracking control is as follows: after voltage data and current data of the photovoltaic array panel are collected through the first control module, a maximum power point for realizing MPPT control is calculated according to the voltage data and the current data, and the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter is regulated and controlled according to the maximum power point;
the power compensation coordination control is as follows: and controlling the power compensation module to be started and stopped by the second control module according to the change trend of the maximum power point so as to realize the charge or discharge of the power compensation loop.
Further, if the maximum power point presents an increasing and changing trend, the power compensation module is controlled to enter a charging mode after being started;
and the power compensation module is used for carrying out the impedance matching of MPPT control by taking the sum of the output power of the photovoltaic array panel distributed by the load and the output power of the photovoltaic array panel distributed by the DC-DC converter in the charging mode.
Further, if the real-time change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is greater than the history change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time charging power in the current compensation period is increased upwards on the basis of the history charging power in the previous compensation period.
Further, if the real-time change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is smaller than the history change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time charging power in the current compensation period is reduced downwards on the basis of the history charging power in the previous compensation period.
Further, if the maximum power point is in a decreasing change trend, the power compensation module is controlled to enter a discharge mode after being started;
and the power compensation module is used for performing MPPT control by taking the sum of the input power distributed by the compensation power supply to the DC-DC converter and the input power distributed by the photovoltaic array panel to the DC-DC converter in a discharging mode.
Further, if the real-time change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is greater than the historical change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time discharge power in the current compensation period is increased upwards on the basis of the historical discharge power in the previous compensation period.
Further, if the real-time change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is smaller than the historical change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time discharge power in the current compensation period is reduced downwards based on the historical discharge power in the previous compensation period.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the maximum power point compensation coordination control system for the photovoltaic array panel, the power compensation module is added between the photovoltaic array panel and the DC-DC converter to form the power compensation loop, so that the upper limit of the change of the output power of the photovoltaic array panel in the process of tracking the maximum power point can be changed, the timeliness of tracking the maximum power point is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array panel is improved;
2. the power compensation module in the application can effectively reduce the PWM duty ratio regulation amplitude of the DC-DC converter in the process of participating in power compensation, thereby reducing the volatility of the whole photovoltaic array panel;
3. according to the maximum power point compensation coordination control method of the photovoltaic array panel, provided by the application, the charge and discharge power of power compensation is dynamically adjusted according to the change rate of the maximum power point in two compensation periods and the comparison condition, so that the time for tracking the maximum power point can be further shortened, and the condition of complex change of environmental factors can be better adapted.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present application only and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Example 1: a maximum power point compensation coordination control system of a photovoltaic array panel is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the photovoltaic array panel, a DC-DC converter, a power compensation module and a main controller, wherein the photovoltaic array panel, the DC-DC converter and the power compensation module are connected in series to form a power compensation loop.
In this embodiment, the DC-DC converter may be a pre-stage voltage regulation structure of the photovoltaic inverter, and an output end of the DC-DC converter is connected to a load, such as a DC bus; and the output of the direct current bus can be connected with a later-stage voltage regulating structure of the photovoltaic inverter, such as a DC-AC converter.
The main controller comprises a first control module and a second control module; the input end of the first control module is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic array panel, and the output end of the first control module is connected with the input end of the DC-DC converter; the input end of the second control module is connected with the output end of the first control module, and the output end of the second control module is connected with the input end of the power compensation module.
After the first control module collects voltage data and current data of the photovoltaic array panel, a maximum power point for realizing MPPT control is calculated according to the voltage data and the current data, and the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter is regulated and controlled according to the maximum power point; and the second control module controls the power compensation module to be started and stopped according to the change trend of the maximum power point so as to realize charging or discharging of the power compensation loop.
It should be noted that, the maximum power point for realizing the MPPT control calculated according to the voltage data and the current data may be calculated according to the existing MPPT control method, which is not limited herein.
The power compensation module comprises a charging unit and a discharging unit. The charging unit is used for distributing the output power of the photovoltaic array panel as a load; and a discharge unit for distributing input power to the DC-DC converter as a compensation power source.
The charging unit and the discharging unit may be separate batteries, or may share one battery, which is not limited herein. In addition, the storage battery can be replaced by a device with a charge-discharge function. In addition, when the whole system is in a non-MPPT control state, the charging unit and the discharging unit in the power compensation module are in a disconnected state, but the connection of the DC-DC converter and the photovoltaic array panel is maintained.
The second control module comprises a mode selection unit and a power regulation unit. The mode selection unit is used for selecting a charging mode when the maximum power point is in an increasing change stage and selecting a discharging mode when the maximum power point is in a decreasing change stage; and the power regulation and control unit is used for regulating the actual compensation power for charging or discharging the power compensation loop according to the change rate increment condition of the maximum power point.
It should be noted that the mode selection unit may select a functional switch, such as a relay switch, to perform switching control. The power regulation and control unit can adopt the existing singlechip to carry out logic judgment and control, and is not limited herein.
Example 2: a photovoltaic array panel maximum power point compensation coordination control method is used for realizing the photovoltaic array panel maximum power point compensation coordination control system described in the embodiment 1, and comprises maximum power tracking control and power compensation coordination control.
Specifically, the maximum power tracking control is: after voltage data and current data of the photovoltaic array panel are collected through the first control module, a maximum power point for realizing MPPT control is calculated according to the voltage data and the current data, and the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter is regulated and controlled according to the maximum power point.
The power compensation coordination control is as follows: and controlling the power compensation module to be started and stopped by the second control module according to the change trend of the maximum power point so as to realize the charge or discharge of the power compensation loop.
It should be noted that, the charge and discharge power of the power compensation module may be a fixed value. If the environment factor is complex, the power point can be dynamically changed according to the specific change trend of the maximum power point.
The charge and discharge power of the power compensation module can be equivalently the power change brought by performing incremental regulation on the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter, so that the output power regulation and control limit of the photovoltaic array panel brought by the linear regulation and control of the PWM duty ratio is broken through; similarly, the electric energy stored or released in the power compensation module can reduce the actual regulation value of the PWM duty ratio, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the whole photovoltaic array panel.
For example, if the maximum power point presents an increasing trend, the power compensation module is controlled to enter a charging mode after being started; and the power compensation module is used for carrying out the impedance matching of MPPT control by taking the sum of the output power of the photovoltaic array panel distributed by the load and the output power of the photovoltaic array panel distributed by the DC-DC converter in the charging mode.
In the charging mode, if the real-time change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is larger than the history change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time charging power in the current compensation period is increased upwards on the basis of the history charging power in the previous compensation period.
In the charging mode, if the real-time change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is smaller than the history change rate of the increment of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time charging power in the current compensation period is reduced downwards on the basis of the history charging power in the previous compensation period.
For another example, if the maximum power point is in a decreasing trend, the power compensation module is controlled to enter a discharging mode after being started; the power compensation module is used as a compensation power supply to carry out the impedance matching of MPPT control on the sum of the input power distributed to the DC-DC converter by the power compensation module and the input power distributed to the DC-DC converter by the photovoltaic array panel in a discharging mode.
In the discharging mode, if the real-time change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is larger than the historical change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time discharging power in the current compensation period is increased upwards on the basis of the historical discharging power in the previous compensation period.
In the discharging mode, if the real-time change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is smaller than the historical change rate of the decrease of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time discharging power in the current compensation period is reduced downwards on the basis of the historical discharging power in the previous compensation period.
Working principle: according to the application, the power compensation module is added between the photovoltaic array panel and the DC-DC converter to form a power compensation loop, so that the upper limit of the change of the output power of the photovoltaic array panel in the process of tracking the maximum power point can be changed, the timeliness of tracking the maximum power point is effectively improved, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array panel is improved; in addition, the power compensation module can also effectively reduce the PWM duty ratio regulation and control amplitude of the DC-DC converter in the process of participating in power compensation, thereby reducing the volatility of the whole photovoltaic array panel.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application, and is not meant to limit the scope of the application, but to limit the application to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.
Claims (8)
1. The maximum power point compensation coordination control system of the photovoltaic array panel is characterized by comprising the photovoltaic array panel, a DC-DC converter, a power compensation module and a main controller;
the photovoltaic array panel, the DC-DC converter and the power compensation module are connected in series to form a power compensation loop;
the main controller comprises a first control module and a second control module;
the input end of the first control module is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic array panel, and the output end of the first control module is connected with the input end of the DC-DC converter;
the input end of the second control module is connected with the output end of the first control module, and the output end of the second control module is connected with the input end of the power compensation module;
after the first control module collects voltage data and current data of the photovoltaic array panel, a maximum power point for realizing MPPT control is calculated according to the voltage data and the current data, and the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter is regulated and controlled according to the maximum power point;
the second control module controls the power compensation module to be started and stopped according to the change trend of the maximum power point so as to realize charging or discharging of the power compensation loop;
the power compensation module includes:
the charging unit is used for distributing the output power of the photovoltaic array panel as a load;
a discharge unit for distributing input power to the DC-DC converter as a compensation power source;
the second control module includes:
the mode selection unit is used for selecting a charging mode when the maximum power point is in an increasing change stage and selecting a discharging mode when the maximum power point is in a decreasing change stage;
and the power regulation and control unit is used for regulating the actual compensation power for charging or discharging the power compensation loop according to the change rate increment condition of the maximum power point.
2. The photovoltaic array panel maximum power point compensation coordination control method is characterized by being used for the photovoltaic array panel maximum power point compensation coordination control system according to claim 1, and comprises maximum power tracking control and power compensation coordination control;
the maximum power tracking control is as follows: after voltage data and current data of the photovoltaic array panel are collected through the first control module, a maximum power point for realizing MPPT control is calculated according to the voltage data and the current data, and the PWM duty ratio of the DC-DC converter is regulated and controlled according to the maximum power point;
the power compensation coordination control is as follows: and controlling the power compensation module to be started and stopped by the second control module according to the change trend of the maximum power point so as to realize the charge or discharge of the power compensation loop.
3. The method for coordinated control of maximum power point compensation of a photovoltaic array panel according to claim 2, wherein if the maximum power point presents an increasing trend, the power compensation module is controlled to enter a charging mode after being started;
and the power compensation module is used for carrying out the impedance matching of MPPT control by taking the sum of the output power of the photovoltaic array panel distributed by the load and the output power of the photovoltaic array panel distributed by the DC-DC converter in the charging mode.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein if the real-time rate of change of the maximum power point increment in the current compensation period is greater than the historical rate of change of the maximum power point increment in the previous compensation period, the real-time charging power in the current compensation period is increased based on the historical charging power in the previous compensation period.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein if the real-time rate of change of the maximum power point increment in the current compensation period is smaller than the historical rate of change of the maximum power point increment in the previous compensation period, the real-time charging power in the current compensation period is reduced based on the historical charging power in the previous compensation period.
6. The method for coordinated control of maximum power point compensation of a photovoltaic array panel according to claim 2, wherein if the maximum power point is in a decreasing trend, the power compensation module is controlled to enter a discharge mode after being started;
and the power compensation module is used for performing MPPT control by taking the sum of the input power distributed by the compensation power supply to the DC-DC converter and the input power distributed by the photovoltaic array panel to the DC-DC converter in a discharging mode.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein if the real-time rate of change of the decrease of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is greater than the historical rate of change of the decrease of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time discharge power in the current compensation period is increased based on the historical discharge power in the previous compensation period.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein if the real-time rate of change of the decrease of the maximum power point in the current compensation period is smaller than the historical rate of change of the decrease of the maximum power point in the previous compensation period, the real-time discharge power in the current compensation period is decreased based on the historical discharge power in the previous compensation period.
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