CN202933390U - External-use test stimulator - Google Patents
External-use test stimulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN202933390U CN202933390U CN2012203502059U CN201220350205U CN202933390U CN 202933390 U CN202933390 U CN 202933390U CN 2012203502059 U CN2012203502059 U CN 2012203502059U CN 201220350205 U CN201220350205 U CN 201220350205U CN 202933390 U CN202933390 U CN 202933390U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an external-use test stimulator, which belongs to the technical field of implanted medical instruments, and is mainly used in electrical nerve stimulation therapy testing. The utility model provides an external-use test stimulator with dual channel pulse output of a user interface, which can output accurate electrical stimulation pulses with adjustable parameters, and is used for therapy testing or short-term electrical stimulation therapy experience in an operation process of an implanted nerve stimulator of a patient. The external-use test stimulator is characterized in that the test stimulator adopts an integrated structural design, and is mainly composed of a shell, a toggle switch, a membrane button, a display screen, a battery, a printed circuit board and the like, and the appearance is small, exquisite and simple; pulse parameters and load impedance of a test electrode can be adjusted and the polarity of an electrode contact can be set through the button and the switch, and the operation is visual and convenient; the design of a self-locking function and anti-misoperation can effectively prevent misoperation of the patient in the using process, thereby being safe and reliable. The test stimulator can be widely applied to test evaluation and experience of various electrical nerve stimulation therapies.
Description
Technical field
This utility model is that doctor or patient test and assess the external use testing stimulus device that uses in implantation type electric stimulation therapy operation process, belongs to the implantation medical equipment technical field.
Background technology
At present, implantation type electric stimulation system has been widely used in the treatment of sacred disease, and for example, deep brain stimulation device (brain pacemaker) often is used to treat the dyskinetic disorders such as parkinson disease, and the spinal cord stimulation device can effectively improve chronic pain, etc.The composition of implantation type electric stimulation system generally comprises an implantable pulse generator, one or more electrodes, and the extension lead that connects pulse generator and electrode.Wherein, pulse generator is the core of system, be used for producing the electric stimulation pulse of the adjustable specific waveforms of parameter (as amplitude, frequency, pulsewidth etc.), electric pulse flows to electrode by subcutaneous extension lead, act on the target stimulus target spot by electrode contacts, play the neural effect of regulation and control.
The example that is implanted as with brain pacemaker, the operation process that electric stimulation is implanted generally can be described as: before implantable pulse generator, at first accurately locate by technology such as magnetic resonance imaging and stereotaxises, find stimulate target coordinate accurately after, electrode is implanted brain.This process damage is very little, and because brain does not have the pain sensation, thereby the imperceptible pain of patient.The implantation of pulse generator after this and the placement of extension lead comprise several relatively invasive operative processes, such as using special equipment in the subcutaneous tunnel etc. of beating.Before implantable pulse generator, the doctor is connected to testing stimulus device pulse output end mouth with electrode by test lead, carry out preliminary test, such as, allow the patient do some simple actions, as taking cup, stretching one's arm, draw helix etc., according to patient's impression and doing well,improving degree, further adjust position and the stimulus parameter of electrode, to obtain best therapeutic effect.If in test, patient's symptom is controlled, the doctor can further implant whole brain pacemaker system.Concrete operation is implantable pulse generator below the infraclavicular skin of chest, then pulse generator and electrode is coupled together by extension lead subcutaneous.This process can be carried out at once, also can carry out by observed number in the future, such as the patient may require before carrying out implantable pulse generator and assembling the operation of subcutaneous extension lead, electrical stimulating therapy to be carried out the experience of a period of time, determine that thus this therapy can suppresses disease, and whether side reaction is arranged, if any accepting.This test is experienced stage and can be continued not wait by 30 days in several hours.
Directly use as test if will implant the pulse generator of use, subject matter is high cost.Pulse generator is disposable aseptic medical equipment, in case open its aseptic packaging, needs of patients is paid the buying expenses of tens0000 yuan so, if dissatisfied to curative effect, forms huge waste.In addition, pulse generator parameters is set needs remote control by vitro program controlled instrument, cause the operational inconvenience of doctor and patient, and duty and the pulse parameter of read pulse generator intuitively.Often volume ratio is larger for the Medical pulse generator that can buy on the market, is not easy to the patient and carries, and affects the freely movable of patient, and the impulse waveform of its output and parameter and precision also not necessarily satisfy clinical user demand.
For these problems, this utility model patent has proposed a kind of external use testing stimulus device of the dual pathways pulse output with user interface for testing evaluation, can not only provide parameter adjustable electric pulse accurately for test phase, and structure is small and exquisite attractive in appearance, simple to operation, be easy to carry.Electrode load testing impedance function can auxiliary judgment stimulates the accuracy of target spot location, judge whether electrode can work, and the service life of estimating stimulator for implantation.Although the structural design of this testing stimulus device is not distinguished for doctor and patient, has the design of the maloperation of preventing.For example, be used for selecting the switch of electrode contacts combinations of polarities and stimulus modelity only to allow the doctor to operate, can design a leather sheath and shelter from these switches regions, to prevent the maloperation in patient's test process, leather sheath is designed to transparent at the display screen place, can not affect reading of testing stimulus device work at present state.In addition, this testing stimulus appliance mains switch can shield parameter regulating key function from backset, this design also played prevent button by the mistake by effect.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of external use testing stimulus device with dual pathways pulse output of user interface, can provide parameter adjustable electric boost pulse accurately in electrical stimulating therapy test and experience stage for the patient.This testing stimulus utensil has control button and toggle switch and LCDs of a plurality of difference in functionalitys, can carry out Parameter Programming to dual pathways output pulse very intuitively, and test electrode load impedance, convenience and the intuitive of operation have been strengthened, its lock function and anti-misoperation design have prevented patient and doctor's maloperation effectively, have strengthened reliability and safety.
A kind of testing in vitro stimulator for nerve electric stimulation therapy testing evaluation, it is characterized in that, contain: pulse parameter setting device, output-controlling device, display device, microcontroller, impulse output circuit module, power supply, electric power management circuit and operator scheme switching part, wherein:
The pulse parameter setting device, for generation of one of following command signal: amplitude to adjusted, amplitude regulate downwards, frequency to adjusted, frequency regulate downwards, pulsewidth to adjusted, pulsewidth regulate downwards, the electrode impedance test;
Output-controlling device is used for arranging switching-on and switching-off state and user operation mode, also is used for arranging the combinations of polarities of each electrode contacts under each passage, and is used for selecting stimulus modelity and parameter current being arranged effective passage;
Display device is used for showing when the prepulse output parameter, electrode impedance test result, and the warning message when electric quantity of power supply is not enough;
The impulse output circuit module comprises: voltage modulation circuit, pulse output control circuit, charge balancing circuit and electrode impedance test circuit;
Microcontroller, it can receive the command signal of described pulse parameter setting device output, can also receive the signal of described output-controlling device output, be used for the instruction and data of demonstration to described display device output, and the output of monitoring described impulse output circuit module;
Wherein,
Described testing stimulus utensil has the first operator scheme that is suitable for doctor's operation and the second operator scheme that is suitable for patient's operation, described operator scheme switching part is used for switching the operator scheme of described testing stimulus device, the doctor can arrange described testing stimulus device running parameter in described the first operator scheme, and patient only can check demonstration and the reading of described display device in described the second operator scheme.
Preferably, described operator scheme switching part be the on and off switch shelves from backset, and the leather sheath that is arranged at the hull outside of described testing stimulus device.
Preferably, described testing stimulus device is suitable in external use, and described pulse parameter setting device comprises the control button, and described output-controlling device comprises toggle switch, and described power supply is battery.
Preferably, the displaying contents of described display device comprises: amplitude, frequency, pulsewidth and the unit thereof of the output pulse of described testing stimulus device, the electrode impedance under electrode impedance test result and each passage, power supply low-voltage warning information.
Preferably, the polarity of described electrode contacts is selected from "+" "-" and " 0 ", and described stimulus modelity is constant current mode or constant voltage mode.
Preferably, the stimulus modelity that described pulse output control circuit arranges according to described output-controlling device, correspondingly be operated in constant voltage mode or constant current mode, in described constant voltage mode, the voltage amplitude that described impulse output circuit module is exported is 0~10V, in described constant current mode, the current intensity that described impulse output circuit module is exported is 0~25mA.
Preferably, after each pulse electrical signal of described impulse output circuit module output, described charge balancing circuit produces a reverse equalizing pulse signal of telecommunication;
Described electrode impedance test circuit can be measured the load impedance of the electrode that described testing stimulus device connects;
Described electric power management circuit contains:
Mu balanced circuit is stabilized in setting value to described cell output voltage, is described microcontroller and display screen power supply;
Latching circuit is used for locking testing stimulus device duty, closes keypress function;
The supply voltage sample circuit is used for often detecting at regular intervals supply voltage, if magnitude of voltage lower than set threshold value, microcontroller sends the low-voltage alarm by described display device.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following beneficial effect:
(1) integrated structure design, profile is small and exquisite attractive in appearance, and convenient and reliable operation has the design that prevents the maloperation function;
(2) dual pathways programmable parameter pulse output is for the electrical stimulating therapy test phase provides high-precision electric impulse signal;
(3) test electrode load impedance accurately, thus the accuracy of target spot location can auxiliary judgment be stimulated, judge whether electrode works, and the service life of estimating stimulator for implantation;
(4) use the general dry battery power supply, increased the convenience of using;
(5) of many uses, can be used for the test in all kinds of implantable neural electrical stimulation device operation processs, the utlity model has high economic benefit and social benefit.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, this utility model is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of testing stimulus device using method.
Electric pulse schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is testing stimulus device dual pathways pulse output.
Fig. 3 is a kind of concrete structure and the composition proposal schematic diagram of testing stimulus device, and wherein Fig. 3 a is testing stimulus device front schematic view, and Fig. 3 b is testing stimulus device schematic rear view, and Fig. 3 c is testing stimulus device end face schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a kind of concrete information displaying scheme of testing stimulus device display screen, wherein Fig. 4 a is pulse parameter information displaying scheme under voltage mode, Fig. 4 b is pulse parameter information displaying scheme under current-mode, Fig. 4 c is testing impedance waiting process information displaying scheme, Fig. 4 d is testing impedance displaying scheme as a result, Fig. 4 e is battery low-voltage information displaying scheme, and Fig. 4 f is battery low-voltage prompting parameter information displaying scheme afterwards.
Fig. 5 is the schematic block circuit diagram of testing stimulus device.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of testing stimulus device electrode impedance test.
The specific embodiment
Described testing stimulus device partly is comprised of shell, toggle switch, film key, display screen, battery, printed circuit board etc.Wherein:
Shell is comprised of housing and cap, and cap can be opened, and changes battery.
Switch, button and display screen provide the man-machine interaction passage, and the testing stimulus device has 11 toggle switches, and wherein: an on and off switch is the SP3T switch, are used for the break-make of testing stimulus device power supply and the locking of testing stimulus device duty; Two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s are respectively used to the selection of stimulus modelity and parameter current are arranged the selection of effective passage; Also have in addition eight SP3T switches to be respectively used to the polarity selection of totally eight electrode contacts of two passages, can be set to respectively positive pole, negative pole and sky.Seven film keys be used for electrical pulse amplitudes, frequency, pulsewidth upwards, regulate downwards, and electrode impedance test.The testing stimulus device also has display screen, is used for showing basic parameter, the electrode impedance test result of testing stimulus device output electric pulse, shows simultaneously warning information when cell voltage is not enough.
Supplying cell is two joint general dry batteries, can change easily.
Printed circuit board is realized the various functions such as pulse output of testing stimulus device, and printed circuit board comprises the parts such as electric power management circuit, key-press input and indication control circuit, impulse output circuit take microcontroller as core.The function of microcontroller implementation comprises: key-press input response, control display screen, control impuls output circuit etc.Electric power management circuit comprises mu balanced circuit and lock circuit, and mu balanced circuit is to be the power supply of the control circuits such as microcontroller after 3.3V with the battery output buck, lock circuit locking testing stimulus device work at present state, shielding parameter regulating key function.Impulse output circuit is for generation of the electric stimulation pulse consistent with the institute setting parameter.
Shown in Figure 1 is take deep brain stimulation as example, the use of testing stimulus device 1 operation signal.During use, testing stimulus device 1 is placed in external, and the electric impulse signal of generation flows to the stimulating electrode 3 in patients with implantation brain deep successively by test lead interface 4 and test lead 2.
The testing stimulus device can produce one the tunnel or the electric impulse signal of two-way by button operation, Figure 2 shows that the pulse signal when producing two-way pulse output, the amplitude of passage 1 and passage 2 pulses and pulsewidth all can be by switch on panel and button independent regulation, the frequency of two passages is identical, and separate on sequential, after each of each passage stimulates electric pulse 59 outputs, through producing a reverse low amplitude pulse 60 after short time time-delay (about 200 μ s), realization is avoided the tissue of target spot is produced damage to stimulating the charge balance of target spot.The short time effect of time-delay is that boost pulse is fully acted on target spot, avoids causing weakening of stimulation physiological effect.It is identical with boost pulse that the pulsewidth of back discharge pulse and amplitude do not need, and phase reaction is as far as possible little of to avoid by patient's consciousness and the therapeutic effect that affects boost pulse.Here, the amplitude of back discharge pulse and pulsewidth are variable.For example, when the boost pulse frequency is lower, the discharge pulse pulsewidth slightly increases (correspondingly, the discharge pulse amplitude slightly reduces).And when the boost pulse frequency increased, the discharge pulse pulsewidth slightly reduced (correspondingly, the discharge pulse amplitude slightly increases).
The parameter setting of testing stimulus device output boost pulse comprises: amplitude, pulsewidth, frequency and electrode contacts and polarity are selected, thereby diversified stimulation combination is provided.Stimulating the electrical pulse amplitudes range of accommodation is 0~10V under the constant voltage stimulus modelity, is 0~25mA under the constant current stimulus modelity; Frequency-tuning range is 2~250Hz; The pulse-width regulated scope is 30~450us, and 266600 kinds of stimulus parameter combinations are arranged under constant voltage mode, has 666500 kinds under constant current mode.The clinician can select suitable stimulus parameter combination according to patient's practical situation, in addition, also needs according to patient's test effect and reaction, stimulus parameter to be finely tuned, and to select optimum stimulus parameter combination, reaches best therapeutic effect.
Fig. 3 has provided a kind of concrete structure and the composition of testing stimulus device.Wherein (a) is the front schematic view of testing stimulus device, is (b) the testing stimulus device back side and internal structure schematic diagram, is (c) testing stimulus device end face schematic diagram.The testing stimulus device comprises shell 5, film on surface 6, and the man-machine interaction of testing stimulus device partly comprises power supply and locking switch 33, ten toggle switches (8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17), seven film keys (18,19,20,21,22,23,24), display screen 7.Power supply and locking switch 33 are the SP3T switch, and corresponding power is closed (zero) respectively, power supply is opened (|) and lock-out state in three positions of switch
Under lock-out state testing stimulus device output is locked, button 19,20, and 21,22,23,24 function conductively-closeds, inoperative.Electrode contacts polar selecting switch (10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17) be the SP3T switch, respectively corresponding "-" " 0 " "+" in three positions of switch pushes corresponding position and represents respectively that electrode contacts polarity corresponding to this switch is set to negative polarity, sky and positive polarity.Channel selector switch 8 is single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), it can be pushed " 1 " or " 2 ", and expression parameter current adjustment operation is effective to the current passage that sets (1 or 2).Stimulus modelity selector switch 9 is single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), it can be pushed " V " or " I ", represents that current output pulse is constant voltage mode or constant current mode.Testing impedance button 18 is used for the electrode load impedance of TCH test channel 1 and passage 2. Button 19,20,21,22,23,24 are used for the regulation output electric pulse parameter, and button 19 functions are that pulse amplitude increases, and button 20 functions are that pulse amplitude reduces, button 21 functions are that pulse frequency increases, button 22 functions are that pulse frequency reduces, and button 23 functions are that pulse width increases, and button 24 functions are that pulse width reduces.Display screen 7 is used for showing testing stimulus device work at present state, i.e. the amplitude of current output electric pulse, frequency and pwm value, electrode impedance test result, and battery low-voltage warning information.Dotted portion under battery cabin cap 30 is the battery placement location, and the testing stimulus device is by No. five general dry battery power supplies of two joints.Four screws of circuit board 25 use that enclosure is placed are fixed on enclosure.Shell is provided with four screw positions 26,27,28,29 for assembling.Testing stimulus device cover top portion has film on surface 32, and pulse output interface 34,35, and interface adopts the earphone interface with buckle slot 36.
Figure 4 shows that a kind of concrete information of display screen shows situation, after turning on the power switch, display screen is as shown in Fig. 4 (a), and demonstration information comprises the parameter of passage 1, passage 2 current output electric pulses, comprise pulse amplitude, frequency and pulse width, and parameter unit, when stimulus modelity was set in constant voltage mode, pulse amplitude unit was shown as " V ", as Fig. 4 (a), when being set in constant current mode, pulse amplitude unit is shown as " mA ", as Fig. 4 (b).In Fig. 4 (a)-(b), the display icon implication is:
---pulse amplitude;
---pulse frequency;
---pulse width.After pressing the testing impedance button, display screen shows " in test, please wait a moment ... " printed words as Fig. 4 (c), record after result the show electrode impedance information as shown in Fig. 4 (d).Display screen shows that " cell voltage is low when cell voltage being detected lower than set threshold value! " printed words make alarm, continue to get back to main display frame after the several seconds, the display screen upper right corner occurs
Symbol continues alarm, as shown in Fig. 4 (f).
The electric circuit constitute of testing stimulus device mainly comprises microcontroller 37, power management and latching circuit 38, battery voltage sampling circuit 50, impulse output circuit module 40, display screen 49, button inputting circuits 47, on-off circuit 44 and 48 etc. as shown in Figure 5.Wherein:
The testing stimulus device is by 39 power supplies of No. five common batteries of two joints, and power management and latching circuit 38 are that 3.3V is microcontroller 37 power supplies with the cell voltage voltage stabilizing, and auto-lock function is provided, i.e. lock pulse output is constant, and microcontroller 37 is the response parameter regulating key not.Battery voltage sampling circuit obtains the partial pressure value of cell voltage by the voltage of AD sampling resistor, by calculating battery voltage value, each hour measures once, if lower than setting low voltage threshold, 37 of microcontrollers send the low-voltage warning information by display screen 49.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of electrode impedance test.Testing stimulus device 56 is provided electric stimulation pulse to electrode 53, when the electrode impedance test command is arranged, electrode impedance test circuit 54 obtains by the voltage that AD gathers sampling resistor the current information that pulse is exported, and gives 57 and carries out software processes, returns to test result 58 to testing stimulus device 56.Test result can be compared with in advance data such as early stage electrode impedance measured value or the value of pre-estimating, thereby judge whether electrode can work, whether accurate positioning, and whether can effectively transmit stimulus signal, and can roughly estimate according to test result the working life of implantable pulse generator.
Above-described embodiment, this utility model specific embodiment a kind of more preferably just, the variation that those skilled in the art carries out in the technical solutions of the utility model scope and replacing all should be included in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. testing in vitro stimulator that is used for nerve electric stimulation therapy testing evaluation, it is characterized in that, contain: pulse parameter setting device, output-controlling device, display device, microcontroller, impulse output circuit module, power supply, electric power management circuit and operator scheme switching part, wherein:
The pulse parameter setting device, for generation of one of following command signal: amplitude to adjusted, amplitude regulate downwards, frequency to adjusted, frequency regulate downwards, pulsewidth to adjusted, pulsewidth regulate downwards, the electrode impedance test;
Output-controlling device is used for arranging switching-on and switching-off state and user operation mode, also is used for arranging the combinations of polarities of each electrode contacts under each passage, and is used for selecting stimulus modelity and parameter current being arranged effective passage;
Display device is used for showing when the prepulse output parameter, electrode impedance test result, and the warning message when electric quantity of power supply is not enough;
The impulse output circuit module comprises: voltage modulation circuit, pulse output control circuit, charge balancing circuit and electrode impedance test circuit;
Microcontroller, it can receive the command signal of described pulse parameter setting device output, can also receive the signal of described output-controlling device output, be used for the instruction and data of demonstration to described display device output, and the output of monitoring described impulse output circuit module;
Wherein,
Described testing stimulus utensil has the first operator scheme that is suitable for doctor's operation and the second operator scheme that is suitable for patient's operation, described operator scheme switching part is used for switching the operator scheme of described testing stimulus device, the doctor can arrange described testing stimulus device running parameter in described the first operator scheme, and patient only can check demonstration and the reading of described display device in described the second operator scheme.
2. testing stimulus device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described operator scheme switching part be the on and off switch shelves from backset, and design in the leather sheath of the hull outside of described testing stimulus device.
3. testing stimulus device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described testing stimulus device is suitable in external use, and described pulse parameter setting device comprises the control button, and described output-controlling device comprises toggle switch, and described power supply is battery.
4. testing stimulus device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the displaying contents of described display device comprises: amplitude, frequency, pulsewidth and the unit thereof of the output pulse of described testing stimulus device, the electrode impedance under electrode impedance test result and each passage, power supply low-voltage warning information.
5. testing stimulus device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the polarity of described electrode contacts is selected from "+" "-" and " 0 ", and described stimulus modelity is constant current mode or constant voltage mode.
6. testing stimulus device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the stimulus modelity that described pulse output control circuit arranges according to described output-controlling device, correspondingly be operated in constant voltage mode or constant current mode, in described constant voltage mode, the voltage amplitude that described impulse output circuit module is exported is 0~10V, and in described constant current mode, the current intensity that described impulse output circuit module is exported is 0~25mA.
7. testing stimulus device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after each pulse electrical signal of described impulse output circuit module output, described charge balancing circuit produces a reverse equalizing pulse signal of telecommunication;
Described electrode impedance test circuit can be measured the impedance of the electrode that described testing stimulus device connects;
Described electric power management circuit contains:
Mu balanced circuit is stabilized in setting value to described cell output voltage, is described microcontroller and display screen power supply;
Latching circuit is used for locking testing stimulus device duty, closes keypress function;
The supply voltage sample circuit is used for often detecting at regular intervals supply voltage, if magnitude of voltage lower than set threshold value, microcontroller sends the low-voltage alarm by described display device.
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2012
- 2012-07-13 CN CN2012203502059U patent/CN202933390U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-07-13 CN CN201210249175.7A patent/CN102921105B/en active Active
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US11338127B2 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2022-05-24 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Stimulation modes to adapt customized stimulation parameters for use in a spinal cord stimulation system |
US11338141B2 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2022-05-24 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Paresthesia-free spinal cord stimulation occurring at lower frequencies and sweet spot searching using paresthesia |
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US10576282B2 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2020-03-03 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Paresthesia-free spinal cord stimulation occurring at lower frequencies and sweet spot searching using paresthesia |
US11844947B2 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2023-12-19 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Spinal cord stimulation occurring using monophasic pulses of alternating polarities and passive charge recovery |
US11944816B2 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2024-04-02 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Paresthesia-free spinal cord stimulation occurring at lower frequencies and sweet spot searching using paresthesia |
US11951314B2 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2024-04-09 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Fitting algorithm to determine best stimulation parameter from a patient model in a spinal cord stimulation system |
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WO2020010121A1 (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-09 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Spinal cord stimulation system with stimulation modes to adapt customized stimulation parameters |
Also Published As
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CN102921105A (en) | 2013-02-13 |
CN102921105B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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