CN202547649U - Precise leveling angular instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a precise leveling angular instrument, belonging to the technical field of angulometers. The precise leveling angular instrument is characterized by comprising a maim scale with a sector structure, wherein the circle center point of the main scale is provided with a rotating shaft; the upper end of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a vernier scale consisting of a left vernier and a right vernier; the outer side of the vernier scale is provided with a pointer; and the lower end of the rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a counter weight. Compared with the conventional angulometers, the precise leveling angular instrument has the following advantages that: 1) the precise leveling angular instrument is convenient to carry, does not have an internal circuit device, has energy conservation and emission reduction, low cost and a wide market prospect; 2) the precise leveling angular instrument is easy and convenient to use, clear in principles and extremely high in precision when applied to school laboratories and used as leveling devices and angle (gradient) measuring devices, and the precision can reach 1'.

Description

Accurate leveling angular instrument

Technical field

The utility model belongs to the protractor technical field, is specifically related to accurate leveling angular instrument.

Background technology

Protractor is the most common a kind of instrument that takes measurement of an angle; Only limit to the measurement to the plane upper angle, what university students and middle school students's learning mathematics was used is the most general angle measuring instrument, owing to do not have vernier scale as auxiliary pin-point reading device; Radius is little in addition, so precision is not high, error is big.It is of a great variety really that used angle measurement (gradient) instrument such as especially school's experiment is detected in existing scientific research, engineering construction, field, concludes nothing more than two types: electronic type and mechanical type.Along with requirements such as economic construction and scientific researches, their measuring accuracy does not also reach actual needs; Such as, mechanical what adopt is that pointer links to each other with bubble, when concrete the measurement, the bottom surface is placed on the angle hypotenuse; Through the bubble position that manually links to each other with pointer, it is placed in the middle to make it bubble, at this moment, and the pointer indication reading that links to each other with bubble; Be bevel angle (gradient), still, the gauger is when rotating the bubble position that links to each other with pointer, because when the observation bubble occupy standard lines central authorities; Have error in judgement, this type instrument does not generally have vernier scale in addition, and precision can be very not high; Another kind of type is the electronic gradient measurer device, and its drawback is: one of which, though the direct reading of ability, precision neither be very high; Class of accuracy generally 12 ', resolution generally 6 ', they are two years old; Owing to use powered battery, inconvenience, detection of electrons, disposal system in it are in addition used in open-air detection, engineering construction etc.; Thereby cost is high, even if liquid crystal display, its precision also and not really high; And, use some such instruments in the universities an middle schools laboratory, not only regulate inconvenience, principle is also clear inadequately, and precision is not high.

The utility model content

To the problem that prior art exists, the purpose of the utility model is to design a kind of technical scheme of easy to carry, accurate leveling angular instrument that precision is high.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument; It is characterized in that comprising the main scale of sector structure; On the described main scale centre point rotation axis is set; Described rotation axis upper end fixedly installs the vernier scale that is made up of left vernier and right vernier, described vernier scale arranged outside pointer, and described rotation axis lower end fixedly installs weight.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument is characterized in that described main scale bottom fixedly installs base.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument is characterized in that described main scale sidepiece fixedly installs handgrip.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument is characterized in that being provided with on the described rotation axis rotation axis stationary shaft.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument is characterized in that described weight is a sector structure.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument is characterized in that described vernier scale is fixedly installed on the rotation axis through the vernier fixed mount that is provided with.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument is characterized in that described main scale surface angular dimension is-105 °～105 °, minimum scale is 30 '.

Described accurate leveling angular instrument, it is characterized in that described vernier scale surface angular dimension be-30 '～30 ', minimum scale is 1 '.

Above-mentioned accurate leveling angular instrument is compared with existing protractor and had the following advantages: 1) easy to carry, circuit arrangement is not installed in inside, energy-saving and emission-reduction, and cost is low, and market outlook are wide; When 2) being applied to the school laboratory as leveling, angle measurement degree (gradient) device, easy to use, clear principle, precision are very high, and precision can reach 1 '.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the side view of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is that the pointer perseverance is the information drawing of vertical direction in the utility model;

Fig. 4 is the precision schematic diagram of the utility model;

Fig. 5 is the utility model angle measuring principle figure;

Concrete number reading method synoptic diagram when Fig. 6 implements to measure to a certain bevel angle (gradient) for the device that adopts the utility model.

Among the figure: the 1-pointer; 2-left side vernier; The right vernier of 3-; 4-vernier fixed mount; The 5-main scale; The 6-rotation axis; The 7-weight; The 8-base; The 9-handgrip; 10-rotation axis stationary shaft.

Embodiment

Further specify the utility model below in conjunction with Figure of description.

One, embodiment

As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, accurately the leveling angular instrument comprises the main scale 5 of sector structure, and rotation axis 6 is set on the centre point of main scale 5, fixedly installs rotation axis stationary shaft 10 on the rotation axis 6.Rotation axis 6 upper ends fixedly install vernier fixed mount 4, and vernier fixed mount 4 upper ends are provided with the vernier scale of sector structure, and vernier scale is made up of with right vernier 3 the left vernier 2 of symmetry.The arranged outside pointer 1 of vernier scale, pointer 1 lower end is fixedly installed on the upper end of rotation axis 6.The lower end of rotation axis 6 fixedly installs weight 7, and the preferred structure of weight 7 is a sector structure.

As preferred structure, the bottom of main scale 5 fixedly installs the base 8 of rectangular structure, improves the stability of this device.

As preferred structure, the sidepiece of main scale 5 fixedly installs handgrip 9, grasping when being convenient to the carrying or measure of this device.

As preferred structure, base 8 selects the heavier material of proportion to process, and vernier fixed mount 4 adopts to be processed than light metal, so that increase the stability and its sensitivity of raising of this device, the clear glass encapsulation can be adopted in this device front.

Main scale 5 surperficial angular dimensions are-105 °～105 °, accurate measurement range-90 °～90 °, and the surface is separated into 420 lattice, and minimum scale is 30 ', main scale 5 outer diameters are preferably 200mm.The angular range of vernier scale surface mark is-30 '～30 ', be separated into 30 lattice, minimum scale is 1 ', vernier scale outer radius is preferably 180mm.

Two, regulate the angle measurement basis

The utility model adopts gravity to be the vertical direction principle forever, and is as shown in Figure 3.

When design weight 7, vernier fixed mount 4 and vernier scale, adopt bearing two ends moment unbalance, just can keep the pointer vertical direction forever, realize that pointer directly shows reading.

If weight 7 mass M; Its barycenter is OD apart from the rotating shaft spacing; Rotation axis 6 to pointer 1 a most advanced and sophisticated end quality is m; Its barycenter is OC apart from the rotating shaft distance; According to the moment formula, when making this instrument, pointer is forever vertical must strictness to satisfy moment unbalance principle expression formula:

.

Just theoretically, as long as the moment of weight 7 ends greater than rotation axis 6 to pointer 1 most advanced and sophisticated moment, just can realize (gradient) target that takes measurement of an angle; And when actual design; Should make the moment of weight 7 end moments much larger than vernier fixed mount 4 ends, its sensitivity also can be very high, for this reason; When making this instrument; Especially will note material selection and structural design, should select the big stainless steel of density such as weight 7 density, vernier scale and vernier fixed mount 4 materials can select slim and graceful and thin alloy comparatively suitable.Rotating shaft place is intended and is adopted bearing technology, so that reduce resistance, improves the sensitivity of instrument.

Three, measure accurate principle

(1) adopt main scale 5 and vernier scale multiple measurement: the radian between each 15 ° of main scale 5 (outer shroud) outer as shown in Figure 1 equates with AB arc length shown in Figure 4, i.e. the left R of radius ₂With right R ₂Angle between the direction adopts that long and short line is alternate to be divided into 30 lattice with it, and every lattice are represented 0.5 °; Vernier scale (interior ring) A ' B ', this arc respective radii left side R ₁, right R ₁The angle of direction; Equate that with 29 lattice (the promptly 14.5 °) arc length of main scale 5 (outer shroud) still, the represented number of degrees are different; A ' B ' arc is divided into 30 lattice (30 '); Corresponding with 0.5 ° (30 ') on the main scale, 0.5 ° of (30 ') mean allocation that is about on the main scale has arrived on vernier scale A ' B ' arc length, promptly the every lattice on the vernier scale represent 1 '.

Arc length on main scale 5 outers is represented with 210 °, is divided into 210 parts with long line, 1 ° every part; Then with short-term with each adjacent long line dimidiation, so again 210 ° of arc length are divided into 420 parts, every part be 30 '; The length line is alternate, and adjacent long line or short-term differ 1 °.

Arc length A ' the B ' of a left side vernier 2 and right vernier 3 chis respectively with main scale 5 on the length of 29 lattice (promptly 14.5 °) arc length identical, but the connotation of representative is different, left vernier 2 and right vernier 3 arc length all are divided into 30 lattice, every lattice 1 '.

(2) adopted double vernier to improve the measuring method of precision; When pointing to 0 °～90 °, measures on pointer 1; Adopt left vernier 2 pin-point readings, measure, adopt right vernier 3 pin-point readings when pointer 1 points to 0 °～-90 °; Double vernier angle measurement scope is 0～± 30 ', its precision all can reach 1 '.

(3) the main and auxiliary chi angle measurement of disymmetry (gradient) scope is 0～± 90 °.

Four, accurate leveling angular instrument principle of work

(1) when adopting accurate leveling angular instrument to regulate level, place it in and transferred on the table top, make it pointer 1 and point on 0 ° of scale mark of main scale 5 through regulating platform to be measured, at this moment, wait to transfer table top with regard to level, its degree of regulation can reach 1 '.

(2) if will take measurement of an angle (gradient), as long as accurate leveling angular instrument is placed on angle bevel direction to be measured, at this moment, the position of pointer 1 indication is exactly this bevel angle (or gradient).During reading, read main scale 5 earlier, surpass main scale 5 a certain scale redundances and from vernier scale, read; If pointer reads left vernier 2 when the left end of 0 ° of scale mark of main scale 5, when 0 ° of scale mark right-hand member, read right vernier 3, read vernier scale and be with a certain scale mark in the vernier scale and main scale 5 a certain scale marks at straight line as the reading standard; And get corresponding lattice number; Be what divide, then with main scale 5 on the number of degrees sum of reading exactly, be the number of degrees of tested angle (gradient).

(3) the geometry counting principle of leveling angular instrument: shown in figure (5); Because

(vertical angle equate); The both sides of

are distinguished vertical in the both sides with

respectively again; Therefore; Two angles equate; I.e.

; Because angle both sides are perpendicular to the both sides at another angle, then these two jiaos of correspondent equals.

(4) concrete number reading method: will scheme shown in (5), main scale amplifies from 15 °～35 ° with left vernier 2 in the angle measurement state, shown in figure (6); The every little lattice 30 of master ', pay dish 30 lattice altogether, can obviously find out; Its resolution is 1 ', see getting off from " 0 " of angular vernier, greater than 30 ' value read from master; Less than 30 ' value read from paying dish, pay dish go up reading be according on the vernier scale with the main scale pairing scale of which bar line point-blank.Through figure (6) from main scale read 16 ° 30 ', from pay dish read 15 '.Real angle is the reading sum of two dishes, promptly 16 ° 45 '.

Shown in the above and the figure only is the preferred implementation of the utility model.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art under the prerequisite that does not break away from the utility model principle, can also make some modification and improvement, these also should be regarded as belonging to the protection domain of the utility model.

Claims (8)

1. accurate leveling angular instrument; It is characterized in that comprising the main scale (5) of sector structure; On described main scale (5) centre point rotation axis (6) is set; Described rotation axis (6) upper end fixedly installs the vernier scale that is made up of left vernier (2) and right vernier (3), described vernier scale arranged outside pointer (1), and described rotation axis (6) lower end fixedly installs weight (7).

2. accurate leveling angular instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described main scale (5) bottom fixedly installs base (8).

3. accurate leveling angular instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described main scale (5) sidepiece fixedly installs handgrip (9).

4. accurate leveling angular instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with on the described rotation axis (6) rotation axis stationary shaft (10).

5. accurate leveling angular instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described weight (7) is sector structure.

6. accurate leveling angular instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described vernier scale is fixedly installed on the rotation axis (6) through the vernier fixed mount (4) that is provided with.

7. accurate leveling angular instrument as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the surperficial angular dimension of described main scale (5) is-105 °～105 °, minimum scale is 30 '.

8. accurate leveling angular instrument as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described vernier scale surface angular dimension be-30 '～30 ', minimum scale is 1 '.

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