CN202471262U - Single photon counter for thermal electron noise pulse discrimination without light - Google Patents
Single photon counter for thermal electron noise pulse discrimination without light Download PDFInfo
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- CN202471262U CN202471262U CN2011205353410U CN201120535341U CN202471262U CN 202471262 U CN202471262 U CN 202471262U CN 2011205353410 U CN2011205353410 U CN 2011205353410U CN 201120535341 U CN201120535341 U CN 201120535341U CN 202471262 U CN202471262 U CN 202471262U
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Abstract
一种无光照热电子噪声脉冲鉴别单光子计数器，暗盒内设光电探测器、光快门，暗盒外设放大器、鉴别器、脉冲整形器、计数器、嵌入式系统、阶梯信号发生器及计算机，且相互电连接；使用时先闭合光快门，光电探测器热电子噪声脉冲信号经阶梯信号发生器和鉴别器扫描热电子噪声脉冲能谱，结合计算机关闭快门时测得的热电子噪声脉冲能谱曲线，由嵌入式系统设置输出下阈值电压至鉴别器基准电压端，测量时滤去较低幅度的热电子噪声脉冲，通过较高幅度的光电子脉冲并输入计数器，实现高信噪比和超低噪声测量光强强度；克服了传统单光子计数器的灵敏度低、噪声高，光强测量稳定性差等缺陷；适合于各种光电传感器的单光子计数器及光散射等极微弱光信号的测量。
A thermal electronic noise pulse discrimination single photon counter without light, a photodetector and an optical shutter are arranged in the cassette, and an amplifier, a discriminator, a pulse shaper, a counter, an embedded system, a ladder signal generator and a computer are arranged outside the cassette, and the mutual Electrical connection; when in use, close the optical shutter first, the thermal electron noise pulse signal of the photodetector scans the thermal electron noise pulse energy spectrum through the ladder signal generator and the discriminator, combined with the thermal electron noise pulse energy spectrum curve measured when the computer closes the shutter, The embedded system sets the output lower threshold voltage to the reference voltage terminal of the discriminator, filters out the thermal electronic noise pulse with a lower amplitude during measurement, and inputs the photoelectric pulse with a higher amplitude into the counter to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio and ultra-low noise measurement Light intensity; overcome the defects of low sensitivity, high noise, and poor light intensity measurement stability of traditional single photon counters; suitable for measurement of extremely weak light signals such as single photon counters of various photoelectric sensors and light scattering.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of unglazed according to thermionic noise pulse discriminating single photon counter.
Background technology
Along with development of modern science and technology, in fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, medical science, environment, astronomy and information science, require increasingly highly to what measure faint optical signal, demand constantly increases.Single photon counter is a kind of measuring method of measuring the atomic low light level, the photocurrent strength ratio photodetector thermonoise level (10 at room temperature of the light that it is measured itself
-14W) lower, common measuring method is to come out this signal measurement that is submerged in the noise.Under atomic low light level irradiation, this method is handled light according to single photon, and photon detector is output as the discrete pulse signal of nature, adopts pulse authentication technique and digital counting technology to come out atomic low light level signal extraction.At present, the detection technique in the limit field of light has become the important means of the various more advanced phenomenons of research, and single photon counter photometry technology has been widely used in the optoelectronics all trades and professions.
Single photon counter is a kind of highly sensitive low noise Detection of Weak Signals equipment, and critical piece has photoelectric sensor, amplifier, Discr. sum counter etc.Photoelectric sensor also can be exported a series of noise spike in the individual pulse that output is produced by incident photon.The key factor that influences the photoelectric sensor single photon counting is dark-current pulse; It is generally acknowledged that dark current mainly is because the thermionic emission of photoelectric sensor; Therefore the pulse of thermoelectron pulse voltage aspect ratio photoelectron will be hanged down a bit, and getting rid of the effective method of noise is exactly to adopt the size of distinguishing each pulse, the method for height.The pulse signal that amplifies through amplifier connects Discr.; Through selecting the following discriminating voltage and the last discriminating voltage of Discr.; Realize only letting the single photoelectron pulse of emission of cathode formation pass through; And do not allow the pulse lower and higher to pass through, thereby with a large amount of thermionic noises and other noise elimination than last discriminating voltage than following discriminating voltage., select setting extremely important for the height of following discriminating voltage here, it is the most important means with a large amount of thermionic noise eliminations; If being provided with of following discriminating voltage is too high, then a large amount of useful signal pulses are also deducted, and cause sensitivity to descend; If it is low that following discriminating voltage was provided with, then a large amount of thermionic noise pulses are also passed through, and cause signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) to descend, and weak signal is submerged in the noise.
The user of existing most of single photon counters is in the defective of considering above-mentioned existence; But can only "ball-park" estimate for threshold value, can not confirm the size of its value accurately, threshold setting is all bigger than normal; And threshold value immobilizes; Add the user mode of each components and parts of system and the influence of various factors such as difference of tenure of use, make the sensitivity of whole instrument and the parameter index of signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) all descend comparatively fast, had a strong impact on the research and development task of the sector.
Summary of the invention
To above-mentioned situation, the purpose of the utility model provides a kind of simple in structure, compact, easy to manufacture; Need not to drop into new equipment, highly sensitive, thermionic noise is low; Measuring accuracy is high, and easy to use, commercial promise is good; Suitable penetration and promotion realizes the unglazed according to thermionic noise pulse discriminating single photon counter of hypersensitivity and ultra-low noise measurement light intensity intensity.
To achieve the above object, a non-thermal electrical noise pulse discriminator light photon counters, within the cartridge main photodetector having optical shutter and the cartridge located outside the turn amplifiers, discriminators, pulse shaper, counters, embedded system, step signal generators and computers that are electrically interconnected; said cartridge within the optical shutter and the photodetector is arranged between a light hole and diaphragm, and which in turn runs through the optical shutter aperture blades diaphragm to the photodetector, when used first light within the cartridge shutter closed, no light through the light hole, light shutter and aperture, light exposure on the photodetector, step ladder signal generator output signal to the discriminator reference voltage terminal, hot electron scanning photodetector impulse noise spectrum, the noise spectrum of the measured parameters of the system, while the computer on which the shutter is closed the light measured thermal electronic noise and pulse-height distribution curve digital threshold is set, electronic noise from the measured thermal pulse spectrum curve to determine the threshold voltage magnitude for the V
next = V
Abduction + V
drift , embedded system control output lower threshold voltage, the lower threshold voltage is input to the discriminator reference voltage terminal, and then the amplifier processed optical pulse signal and thermal electrical noise pulses through discriminator pulse shaper filtered off below the lower threshold voltage of the thermal electron noise pulses , the photoelectron pulse signal input to the counter by the discriminator, to achieve high sensitivity and low signal to noise ratio of the high intensity light intensity noise measurements.
For the effect that realizes reducing noise He significantly improve sensitivity, its further step also has:
Optical shutter is a mechanical type manual control optical shutter.
Optical shutter is that mechanical type controls optical shutter automatically.
When optical shutter is closed, do not have any smooth incident, autoscan thermionic noise pulse height distributes.
When optical shutter is opened, realize the high s/n ratio luminous intensity measurement.
Step generator comprises the square-wave generator of being made up of operational amplifier IC1, capacitor C 1, resistance R 1, R2, R3 and R4; Form signaling switch by Sheffer stroke gate IC2, diode D3 and D4; And input embedded system trigger sweep signal; The ramp generator of forming by operational amplifier IC3 and IC4; Wherein be that the differential amplifier that core is formed is regulated output voltage through its output terminal sampling with IC4, the gate-control signal stack of the output voltage of IC4 and IC2 output forms step signal output at operational amplifier IC3 output terminal and supplies with the Discr. reference voltage terminal.
The Discr. threshold voltages be set to manual setting.
The Discr. threshold voltages be set to automatic setting.
Produce stepped rising scanning voltage during step generator work, ascending gradually changing adds aforementioned stepped rising scanning voltage at the Discr. reference voltage terminal, and scanning calorimeter electronic noise pulse height distributes, and realizes the discriminating of thermionic noise pulse.
Before the optical shutter surveying work begins,, make it be in optimum Working according to thermionic noise pulse height distributed and arranged Discr. threshold voltages.
The utility model is employed in and establishes photodetector, optical shutter in the magazine, magazine peripheral hardware amplifier, Discr., pulse shaper, counter, embedded system, step generator and computing machine, and they are electrically connected each other; Optical shutter during use in the closed magazine of elder generation; Photodetector thermionic noise pulse signal is through step generator and Discr. scanning calorimeter electronic noise pulse power spectrum; The thermionic noise pulse spectrum curve that records when closing shutter in conjunction with computing machine; By embedded system output threshold voltages to Discr. reference voltage terminal is set; Elimination through the photoelectron pulse and the enter counter of higher amplitude, realizes the technical scheme of high s/n ratio and ultra-low noise measurement light intensity intensity than the thermionic noise pulse of amplitude during measurement; The sensitivity that has overcome traditional single photon counter is low, noise is high, defectives such as luminous intensity measurement poor stability.
The utility model is compared the beneficial effect that prior art produces:
(1) the utility model only will be installed an optical shutter on traditional single photon counter; Through the control optical shutter; Record the pure thermionic noise burst spectrum of single photon counter in real time, systematic parameter is set, eliminate the performance difference and the difference of user mode and tenure of use of system's components and parts according in good time state; The sensitivity of system is significantly improved, and thermionic noise reduces greatly.
(2) the utility model adds a ladder signal generator at traditional single photon counter Discr. reference voltage terminal, and the control step generator produces stepped rising scanning voltage, and scanning records the pure thermionic noise burst spectrum of single photon counter.
(3) parts of the utility model increase, it is simple in structure, compact, and is easy to manufacture, need not to drop into new equipment, and cost free increases.
(4) the utility model use, easy to maintenance, highly sensitive, thermionic noise is low, and measuring accuracy is high.
(5) the utility model system architecture is simple, reliable, low cost of manufacture, and processing ease has greatly improved the sensitivity of single photon counter and the stability of luminous intensity measurement, and commercial promise is good, suitable penetration and promotion.
The utility model is suitable for the measurement of the single photon counter and the atomic low light level signals such as light scattering, astronomical photometry, military affairs, chemistry, material, biomedicine and low light level optical fiber communication of various photoelectric sensors.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the unglazed structural representation of differentiating the single photon counter system according to the thermionic noise pulse of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is magazine, optical shutter, diaphragm and the photodetector horizontal sectional drawing of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the stepped in time rising scanning voltage curve map of the utility model.
Fig. 4 is the utility model step generator circuit diagram.
Fig. 5 is the utility model thermionic noise pulse spectrogram.
Among the figure: 1, magazine; 1-1, light hole, 1-2, diaphragm, 2, optical shutter; 3, photodetector; 4, amplifier; 5, Discr.; 6, step generator; 7, pulse shaper; 8, counter; 9, embedded system; 10, computing machine.
Embodiment
Shown in accompanying drawing; A kind of unglazed according to thermionic noise pulse discriminating single photon counter; Mainly be provided with optical shutter 2 and photodetector 3 in its magazine 1; Between optical shutter 2 and the photodetector 3 a light hole 1-1 and diaphragm 1-2 are set also in this magazine 1; And light hole 1-1 runs through optical shutter 2 blades, diaphragm 1-2 successively to photodetector 3, establishes amplifier 4, Discr. 5, pulse shaper 7, counter 8, embedded system 9, step generator 6 and computing machine 10 successively outside the magazine 1, and they are electrically connected each other; Optical shutter 2 is provided with mechanical type manual control optical shutter, mechanical type controls optical shutter automatically; When optical shutter 2 is closed, there is not any smooth incident, autoscan thermionic noise pulse height distributes; When optical shutter 2 is opened, realize the high s/n ratio luminous intensity measurement; Before optical shutter 2 surveying works begin, should make it be in optimum Working according to thermionic noise pulse height distributed and arranged Discr. 5 threshold voltages; Step generator 6 is like Fig. 4; It comprises the square-wave generator of being made up of operational amplifier IC1, capacitor C 1, resistance R 1, R2, R3 and R4; Form signaling switch by Sheffer stroke gate IC2, diode D3 and D4; And input embedded system 9 trigger sweep signals, by the ramp generator that operational amplifier IC3 and IC4 form, wherein be that the differential amplifier that core is formed is regulated output voltage through its output terminal sampling with IC4; The gate-control signal stack of the output voltage of IC4 and IC2 output is exported supply Discr. 5 reference voltage terminals at operational amplifier IC3 output terminal formation step signal such as Fig. 3; Produce stepped rising scanning voltage during step generator 6 work; Ascending gradually changing; Add aforementioned stepped rising scanning voltage at Discr. 5 reference voltage terminals, scanning calorimeter electronic noise pulse height distributes, and realizes the discriminating of thermionic noise pulse; During use; Optical shutter 2 in the earlier closed magazine 1, unglazed through light hole 1-1, optical shutter 2 and diaphragm 1-2, unglazed being radiated on the photodetector 3; Step generator 6 output stairstep signal to Discr.s 5 reference voltage terminals; Scan light electric explorer 3 thermionic noise pulse power spectrums, actual measurement system noise spectrum parameter, simultaneously; The thermionic noise pulse height distribution curve that computing machine 10 records when it the closes optical shutter 2 line of numbers threshold value setting of going forward side by side confirms that by the thermionic noise pulse spectrum curve of actual measurement the threshold voltage size is V
Down=V
Turn+ V
FloatEmbedded system 9 control output threshold voltages; This threshold voltages is input to Discr. 5 reference voltage terminals; Photoelectric pulse signal and the thermionic noise pulse handled by amplifier 4 are lower than the thermionic noise pulse in the threshold voltages through Discr. 5, pulse shaper 7 eliminations again, and the photoelectron pulse signal is input to counter 8 through Discr. 5, realizes the hypersensitivity and the ultra-low noise measurement light intensity intensity of high s/n ratio.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, a kind of unglazed principle of work of differentiating single photon counter according to the thermionic noise pulse.
Unglazed according to thermionic noise pulse discriminating single photon counter system; It comprises that photodetector 3 is installed in the magazine 1; Light is radiated on the photodetector 3 by the light hole 1-1 of magazine 1, on the light hole 1-1 optical shutter 2 is installed in the magazine 1, and the single photon counter system does not have the light signal input when optical shutter 2 is closed; Photodetector 3 self produces thermionic noise; Obtain the different thermionic noise pulse electrical signal of big low height through amplifier 4 amplifications, trigger step generators 6 by computing machine 10 control embedded systems 9 and produce ladder rising scanning voltage as shown in Figure 3, thermionic noise pulse electrical signal input Discr. 5; Add stepped rising scanning voltage at Discr. 5 reference voltage terminals; The scanning of triggering Discr. 5 reference voltages realizes the scanning of thermionic noise pulse voltage height by Discr. 5, and scanning is passed through the thermionic noise pulse signal of Discr. 5 again through 7 shapings of pulse reshaper; Enter counter 8 is measured then, and it is as shown in Figure 5 to obtain noise spike height profile curve through computing machine 10 data acquisition and processing (DAP); Through Computer Analysis noise spike height profile curve, obtain noise spike height profile point of inflexion on a curve, begin from flex point; Rising along with scanning voltage; Thereafter, the pulse height distribution curve is a curve that count value is very little and constant basically, reaches optimal state; This has been enough to explain when flex point the overwhelming majority's noise filtering; But this is desirable state, and when carrying out the pulse discriminating, small drift can take place discriminating voltage usually; Therefore, for reaching highest signal to noise ratio and sensitivity, after obtaining knee voltage, should on the knee voltage basis, add V
Float=20mV～30mV is worth with this and is set at threshold voltages; Most thermionic noises that so fully guaranteed filtering, and also very little to the sensitivity influence have guaranteed the high stability of surveying instrument simultaneously.
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, the measuring very weak optical signal, the optical shutter on the cartridge 1 2, the feeble light through the through-aperture diaphragm 1-1 and 1-2 irradiated on the photodetector 3, light shutters previously closed by the computer 2:00 measured pulse height distribution curve, the discriminator 5 to accurately determine the threshold voltage, in fact, the measured magnitude of the voltage threshold value V
the = V
Abduction + V
drift , under the control by the embedded system 9 threshold voltage is set, this lower threshold voltage input to the discriminator 5 reference voltage terminal, processed by the amplifier 4 optical pulse signal by the discriminator 5 lower than the threshold voltage of a large number of hot electrons noise pulses filtered so that only photoelectron pulse signals input to the counter 8 and the measurement, thereby greatly improving the signal to noise ratio measurement.
Claims (7)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011205353410U CN202471262U (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Single photon counter for thermal electron noise pulse discrimination without light |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011205353410U CN202471262U (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Single photon counter for thermal electron noise pulse discrimination without light |
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| CN202471262U true CN202471262U (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102435325A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-05-02 | 湖南科技大学 | Single photon counter for identifying non-illumination thermal electron noise pulse |
| CN112449680A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-03-05 | 贝克顿·迪金森公司 | Variable multiplexing switch for detector array, system and method of use thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-12-20 CN CN2011205353410U patent/CN202471262U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102435325A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-05-02 | 湖南科技大学 | Single photon counter for identifying non-illumination thermal electron noise pulse |
| CN102435325B (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-09-03 | 湖南科技大学 | Single-photon counter for identifying empty-illumination thermo-electron noise pulse |
| CN112449680A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2021-03-05 | 贝克顿·迪金森公司 | Variable multiplexing switch for detector array, system and method of use thereof |
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