CN202276300U - Multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell electric energy controller - Google Patents
Multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell electric energy controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN202276300U CN202276300U CN2011203671137U CN201120367113U CN202276300U CN 202276300 U CN202276300 U CN 202276300U CN 2011203671137 U CN2011203671137 U CN 2011203671137U CN 201120367113 U CN201120367113 U CN 201120367113U CN 202276300 U CN202276300 U CN 202276300U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a control method and a controller both capable of efficiently utilizing a solar photovoltaic cell to emit electric energy under the different illumination weather conditions. A system is composed of a solar photovoltaic cell, a one-chip microcomputer, multistage storage batteries, a plurality of DC-DC boost charging circuits, a voltage current detection circuit, relays, a relay drive circuit and a pulse-width modulation (PWM) photoelectric coupling and pulse output circuit, and is characterized in that a software drives the one-chip microcomputer, the solar photovoltaic cell output voltage and current and the voltages of the multistage storage batteries inputted to IO ports are detected, and according to the voltage and current values, the electric power emitted by the solar photovoltaic cell and the electric quantity storage conditions of the multistage storage batteries are obtained, so that the relays are controlled to switch the circuits, a PWM output signal is controlled, and the various working states of electric energy absorption and transmission are realized, and accordingly, the electric power emitted by that the circuits utilize the solar photovoltaic cell efficiently and all-day is controlled. According to the utility model, by employing fewer and cheap components, the application technology obstacles of the electric energy utilization of the solar energy photovoltaic cell under the different illumination weather conditions and the maximum power point tracking are solved, so that the multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell electric energy controller has a very high cost performance and a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of solar utilization technique, relates to a kind of method and controller thereof of control of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy.
Technical background
China's solar energy resources is very abundant, and the potentiality of development and use are very big.The sunshine in year in area 2/3rds or more, the whole nation is greater than 2000 hours, average annual amount of radiation be about 5900 megajoules/square metre, belong to solar energy and utilize condition regional preferably.According to " regenerative resource medium-term and long-term development plan ", to the year two thousand twenty, China strives making the solar power generation installed capacity to reach 1.8GW (gigawatt), will reach 600GW (gigawatt) to the year two thousand fifty.According to the prediction of the China Power academy of sciences, to the year two thousand fifty, the installation of the electric power of Chinese regenerative resource will account for 25% of national electric power installation, and wherein the photovoltaic generation installation will account for 5%.And at present, China's solar power generation installed capacity is merely 6.5 ten thousand kilowatts.Following 15 years, the compound growth rate of China's solar energy installed capacity will be up to more than 25%, and the solar power generation total investment is 95,000,000,000 yuan.Solar power generation industry development space is huge, and China utilizes solar power generation still to be in the starting stage.
At present, the technological difficulties of utilizing solar energy power generating to exist mainly are: 1) solar-energy photo-voltaic cell efficient is lower; 2)
Electric energy Storage3) the solar energy instability makes the circuit working instability and how to make good use of to maximal efficiency the electrical power that photovoltaic sends.Thereby cause application cost very high (electricity price of sending is very high), and it is unreliable to supply power, limited use.Preceding two difficult points mainly lean on the development of Development of Materials and battery technology to solve; The present invention does not relate to these technology; The 3rd difficult point then mainly leans on the circuit control technology to solve, and what it solved is under existence conditions, how to make good use of to maximal efficiency solar energy power generating.People normally utilize the charge in batteries of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell to a constant volume and voltage in order to utilize solar energy power generating, and the direct current energy inversion with storage battery is interchange or online or supplies load directly to use again.Because the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electrical power can be with illumination variation; For under round-the-clock illumination, can both efficiently utilizing the electric energy of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell; Need solve two problems, the one, when intensity of illumination is big, carry out MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT maximum power point tracking); The 2nd, be lower than a certain intensity when illumination, aforementioned when utilizing mode not accomplish, the utilization of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy.These two problems all will rely on control technology and solve.
Summary of the invention
The utility model technical problem to be solved provides a kind of can hanging down at solar energy power generating power and also can realize utilizing; When generated output is higher, can effectively carry out a kind of control method and the controller of MPPT, and easy to implement, cost is low, the efficient of finishing the work height.
The technical solution of the utility model is following:
A kind of controller of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy; It is characterized in that a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, a single-chip microcomputer, 3 grades of storage batterys, 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay commutation circuit, the coupling of PWM photoelectricity and impulse output circuits are formed; 4 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are changed input port as AD, and these 4 IO ports detect output current Io, storage battery BT2, the last voltage of BT3 of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell respectively;
2 IO port controlling 2 road pwm signals of single-chip microcomputer (PWM1, PWM2), they are the switching tube through photoelectricity coupling and two DC-DC boost charge circuit of impulse output circuit control respectively, in order to storage battery BT2 and BT3 are carried out boost charge, and carries out MPPT;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are connected to 2 photoelectrical coupler control two relay J 1, J2 and switch booster circuit; To be implemented under the different illumination intensity; Electrical power can be from the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell to the storage battery transmission; Effectively absorb the electrical power of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, perhaps by of the transmission of prime storage battery to back grade storage battery.
Said single-chip microcomputer is an ATMega AVR series monolithic.
A kind of control method of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy adopts above-mentioned multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell Power Controller, and its operating state has:
State 1: when circuit start, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell reply storage battery BT1 continues to charge, and when its voltage reaches more than 2.7 volts, single-chip microcomputer is started working, by single-chip microcomputer to the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U
O, electric current I
O, storage battery BT2, BT3 voltage detect;
State 2: when storage battery BT3 power shortage; Single-chip microcomputer starts PWM2 output, starts DC-DC boost charge circuit, attempts through solar-energy photo-voltaic cell storage battery BT3 being charged; The electromotive power output of monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell simultaneously changes; If electrical power increases, then carry out MPPT control, continue charging to find maximum power point (mpp); If electrical power does not increase, think that then the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is not enough, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT3 being charged, change state 3 over to;
State 3: when storage battery BT3 power shortage; Check whether power shortage of storage battery BT2, if storage battery BT2 is not power shortage, then single-chip microcomputer starting relay J2; And pass through storage battery BT2 with maximum pulse width startup PWM2 and charge to storage battery BT3, realize that electrical power transmits to storage battery BT3 from storage battery BT2; When storage battery BT2 power shortage, then get the hang of 4;
State 4: when storage battery BT2 power shortage, start circuit breaker J1, start PWM1 output; And make DC-DC boost charge circuit working; Trial is charged to storage battery BT2 through solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, and the electromotive power output of monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell simultaneously changes, if electrical power increases; Then carry out MPPT control, continue charging to find maximum power point (mpp); If electrical power does not increase, think that then the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is not enough, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT2 being charged, change state 5 over to;
State 5: this moment solar-energy photo-voltaic cell since light application ratio a little less than, electromotive power output is lower, can not charge to storage battery BT2 and BT3, directly to the storage battery BT1 utilization of charging, to keep the work of core devices such as single-chip microcomputer.When storage battery BT2 and the BT3 official hour section that all continued power shortage, single-chip microcomputer sends warning signal, and prompting is used commercial power charged, and operating state is got back to state 1.
The above scheme is the solution of three grades of storage batterys, and the method for increase storage battery progression is (referring to Figure of description) as follows:
1, first order storage battery BT1 and afterbody storage battery BTn remain unchanged.
2, the storage battery that increases is intergrades such as BT2 to BTn-1, and their voltage and battery capacity increase progressively step by step.
3, intergrade storage battery of every increase, the resistor voltage divider circuit that a DC-DC booster circuit, two control relay circuits need be set and the intergrade battery tension is detected.Take a single-chip microcomputer IO port output PWM ripple and remove to control the DC-DC booster circuit, take 2 relays of two single-chip microcomputer IO port controlling, take a Chip Microcomputer A conversion input and detect the intergrade battery tension.
4, increase intergrade storage battery level maximum number and receive the AD conversion input number of single-chip microcomputer and the restriction of IO port number.
The utility model includes a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, single-chip microcomputer, multistage storage battery, a plurality of DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay commutation circuit, the coupling of PWM photoelectricity and impulse output circuit forms and connection line (seeing Figure of description), programming flow diagram, and shows applying examples.The control method of efficiently utilizing to solar-energy photo-voltaic cell in the utility model is presented as a plurality of storage batterys that use a plurality of different voltages; When solar-energy photo-voltaic cell when strong and weak the variation takes place in illumination; Start different charging circuits; Absorb the power of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, when charging, also use MPPT to follow the tracks of simultaneously, make full use of photovoltaic power.The capacity of afterbody storage battery and voltage are maximum, are powered to the load by it, and middle battery capacity and voltage will successively decrease step by step, and they are when photovoltaic power is low, absorb photovoltaic power.And can rechargeable electrical energy be provided backward step by step, can realize the relay charging.Thereby it is similar to the way of supplying water of water lift step by step.
Beneficial effect:
The utility model adopts multistage storage battery and comparatively simple circuit, has solved the problem of efficiently utilizing the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy, has the convenient in application reliable characteristics; And programming easily, and easy to implement, being suitable for the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell capacity can not be too big; The applications that output voltage is not high; The solar energy that is particularly suitable for electric bicycle can utilize, and reduces civil power and relies on, and increases mileages of continuation.Therefore, implement the utility model and have the clean environment firendly meaning, have very wide application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the power flow sketch map between solar-energy photo-voltaic cell energy and the absorption storage battery at different levels in the utility model; Under Single-chip Controlling; Realize that electric energy is perhaps transmitted rearward by storage batterys at different levels to storage batterys at different levels from solar-energy photo-voltaic cell step by step, until being sent to the afterbody storage battery; Fig. 2 is the absorption electrical energy control circuit figure that is made up of 3 grades of storage batterys of the utility model, and BT0 is a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell among the figure, and BT1, BT2 are the intergrade storage battery, and BT3 is the afterbody storage battery, is finally powered to the load by it.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are the software design flow chart, and Fig. 3 is a single-chip microcomputer main frame main program flow chart, and Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are respectively storage batterys at different levels and absorb electric energy subprogram workflow diagram.
Embodiment
Be further described with technical scheme and the course of work of specific embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the protection range of the utility model is not limited thereto the utility model:
Referring to Fig. 2; A kind of controller of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy; It is characterized in that a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, a single-chip microcomputer, 3 grades of storage batterys, 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay commutation circuit, the coupling of PWM photoelectricity and impulse output circuits are formed; 4 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are changed input port as AD, and these 4 IO ports detect output current Io, storage battery BT2, the last voltage of BT3 of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell respectively;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer produce 2 road pwm signals (PWM1, PWM2), they are the MOS switching tube through photoelectricity coupling and two DC-DC boost charge circuit of impulse output circuit control respectively, in order to storage battery BT2 and BT3 are carried out boost charge, and carries out MPPT;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are connected on 2 photoelectrical couplers; Control two relay J 1, J2; Switch booster circuit, make under different solar irradiations, electrical power can be sent to storage battery from solar-energy photo-voltaic cell; Effectively absorb the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electrical power, perhaps be sent to back level storage battery by the prime storage battery.
Said single-chip microcomputer is the ATMegaAVR series monolithic.
A kind of control method of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy adopts the controller of aforesaid multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy, and its operating state has:
State 1: when circuit start; Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell reply storage battery BT1 continues charging; Let its voltage reach more than 2.7 volts, single-chip microcomputer is started working, detect by the voltage of single-chip microcomputer to solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, electric current I o and storage battery BT2, storage battery BT3;
State 2: when storage battery BT3 power shortage; Single-chip microcomputer starts PWM2 output, starts DC-DC boost charge circuit, attempts through solar-energy photo-voltaic cell storage battery BT3 being charged; The electromotive power output of monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell simultaneously changes; If electrical power increases, then carry out MPPT control, continue charging to find maximum power point (mpp); If electrical power does not increase, think that then the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is not enough, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT3 being charged, change state 3 over to;
State 3: when storage battery BT3 power shortage, check whether power shortage of storage battery BT2, if storage battery BT2 power shortage not; Single-chip microcomputer starting relay J2 then; And, to storage battery BT3 charging, realize that electrical power transmits to BT3 from storage battery BT2 through storage battery BT2 with maximum pulse width startup PWM2; When storage battery BT2 power shortage, then get the hang of 4;
State 4: when storage battery BT2 power shortage, starting relay J1, and start PWM1 output; Make DC-DC boost charge circuit working; Trial is charged to storage battery BT2 through solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, and the electromotive power output of monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell simultaneously changes, if electrical power increases; Then carry out MPPT control, continue charging to find maximum power point (mpp); If electrical power does not increase, think that then the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is not enough, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT2 being charged, change state 5 over to;
State 5: this moment solar-energy photo-voltaic cell since light application ratio a little less than, electromotive power output is lower, can not charge to storage battery BT2 and BT3; Directly to the storage battery BT1 utilization of charging; To keep the work of core devices such as single-chip microcomputer, official hour section that ooze storage battery BT2 and BT3 have all continued power shortage, single-chip microcomputer sends warning signal; Prompting is used commercial power charged, and operating state is got back to state 1.
One, main program
The operating process that the single-chip microcomputer main program is as shown in Figure 2, operation always after system start-up.
Two, subprogram
Storage batterys at different levels absorb electric energy, by operating like Fig. 3, flow process shown in Figure 4.Wherein Fig. 4 is the workflow of afterbody storage battery, and Fig. 3 is the 2nd a grade of battery-operated flow process.
If surpass 3 grades in the system, these storage battery flow processs that then increase all should be operated by Fig. 4.
Practical function:
Present technique is applied to test on certain electric bicycle, and as the afterbody storage battery, the centre adds 2 grades of storage batterys with original 48V storage battery of electric bicycle; Voltage is respectively 2.8V and 9V, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell nominal power 50W, open circuit voltage 21.4V short circuit current 3.31A; After adding the utility model circuit,, utilize the charging of photovoltaic electric energy in illumination strong summer; Average every day is single rides 20 kilometers with interior mileage, basically need not be commercial power charged.
Claims (1)
1. multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell Power Controller; It is characterized in that a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, a single-chip microcomputer, 3 grades of storage batterys, 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay commutation circuit, the coupling of PWM photoelectricity and impulse output circuits are formed; 4 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are changed input port as AD, and output current Io, the storage battery BT2 that these 4 IO ports detect solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell respectively goes up voltage, storage battery BT3 goes up voltage;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer produce 2 road pwm signals (PWM1, PWM2), they are the switching tube through photoelectricity coupling and 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit of impulse output circuit control respectively, in order to storage battery BT2 and BT3 are carried out boost charge, and carries out MPPT;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are connected to 2 photoelectrical coupler control two relay J 1, J2 and switch booster circuit; To be implemented under the different illumination intensity; Electrical power can be from the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell to the storage battery transmission; Effectively absorb the electrical power of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, perhaps by of the transmission of prime storage battery to back grade storage battery;
Said single-chip microcomputer is the ATMegaAVR series monolithic.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011203671137U CN202276300U (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell electric energy controller |
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| CN2011203671137U CN202276300U (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell electric energy controller |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102364810A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-02-29 | 长沙学院 | Control method and controller for controlling electric energy of multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell |
| CN103887838A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-06-25 | 郑州中电新能源汽车有限公司 | Intelligent charging system of electric automobile-mounted accessory battery |
-
2011
- 2011-09-30 CN CN2011203671137U patent/CN202276300U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102364810A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-02-29 | 长沙学院 | Control method and controller for controlling electric energy of multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell |
| CN102364810B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-04-23 | 长沙学院 | Control method and controller for controlling electric energy of multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell |
| CN103887838A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-06-25 | 郑州中电新能源汽车有限公司 | Intelligent charging system of electric automobile-mounted accessory battery |
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Legal Events
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120613 Termination date: 20140930 |
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| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |