CN102364810B - Control method and controller for controlling electric energy of multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell - Google Patents
Control method and controller for controlling electric energy of multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN102364810B CN102364810B CN201110291446.0A CN201110291446A CN102364810B CN 102364810 B CN102364810 B CN 102364810B CN 201110291446 A CN201110291446 A CN 201110291446A CN 102364810 B CN102364810 B CN 102364810B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method and a controller, which can efficiently utilize electric energy generated by a solar photovoltaic cell in different illumination weathers. A system consists of the solar photovoltaic cell, a singlechip, a plurality of stages of storage batterybatteries, a plurality of DC-DC (Direct Current) boosting charging circuits, a voltage current detection circuit, a relay, a driving circuit of the relay and a PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) photoelectrical coupling and pulse output circuit. The singlechip is driven by software; an output voltage and an output current of the solar photovoltaic cell and a voltage of each stage of storage battery, which are input into IO (Input Output) ports, are detected; an electric power generated by the solar photovoltaic cell and the electric quantity storage condition of each stage of storage battery are obtained according to the voltages and the current; and the relay is controlled to switch the circuits and a PWM is controlled to output a signal to realize various working conditions of adsorption and transmission of electric energy, so that the circuits are controlled to efficiently utilize the electric power generated by the solar photovoltaic cell in all weathers. Few cheap devices are adopted. The technical barriers of utilization of electric energy of the solar photovoltaic cell under different illumination conditions and application of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) are overcome. The control method and the controller have high cost performance and have wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of solar utilization technique, relate to a kind of method and controller thereof of control of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy.
Technical background
China's solar energy resources is very abundant, and the potentiality of exploitation are very large.The whole nation more than 2/3rds is greater than 2000 hours in the year in area sunshine, average annual amount of radiation be about 5900 megajoules/square metre, belong to solar energy and utilize condition regional preferably.According to < < regenerative resource Long-and Medium-term Development planning > >, to the year two thousand twenty, China strives making solar power generation installed capacity to reach 1.8GW (gigawatt), will reach 600GW (gigawatt) to the year two thousand fifty.According to the prediction of the China Power academy of sciences, to the year two thousand fifty, the installation of the electric power of Chinese regenerative resource will account for 25% of national electric power installation, and wherein photovoltaic generation installation will account for 5%.And at present, China's solar power generation installed capacity is only 6.5 ten thousand kilowatts.Following 15 years, the compound growth rate of China's solar energy installed capacity will be up to more than 25%, and solar power generation total investment is 95,000,000,000 yuan.Solar power generation industry development space is huge, and China utilizes solar power generation still in the starting stage.
At present, utilize technological difficulties that solar energy power generating exists mainly: 1) solar-energy photo-voltaic cell efficiency is lower; 2) storage of electric energy; 3) the unstable circuit working that makes of solar energy is unstable and how to make good use of in maximum efficiency the electrical power that photovoltaic sends.Thereby cause application cost very high (electricity price of sending is very high), and it is unreliable to power, and applies limited.The first two difficult point mainly solves by the development of material and the development of battery technology, the present invention does not relate to these technology, the 3rd difficult point mainly solves by circuit control technology, and what it solved is under existence conditions, how to make good use of in maximum efficiency solar energy power generating.People, in order to utilize solar energy power generating, normally utilize the charge in batteries of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell to certain capacity and voltage, then by the direct current energy inversion of storage battery for exchanging or online or for load directly.Because solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electrical power can be with illumination variation, for can efficiently utilizing the electric energy of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell under all-weather light shines, need solve two problems, the one, when intensity of illumination is larger, carry out MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT maximum power point tracking); The 2nd, when illumination is lower than a certain intensity, aforementioned while utilizing mode not complete, the utilization of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy.These two problems all will rely on control technology and solve.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can also can realizes utilization solar energy power generating power is lower, when generated output is higher, can effectively carry out a kind of control method and the controller of MPPT, and easy to implement, cost is low, the efficiency of finishing the work is high.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of controller of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy, it is characterized in that, by a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, a single-chip microcomputer, 3 grades of storage batterys, 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay switch circuit, PWM photoelectric coupling and impulse output circuits, formed; 4 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are changed input port as AD, and these 4 IO ports detect respectively output current Io, the upper voltage of storage battery BT2, BT3 of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell;
2 IO port controlling, 2 road pwm signal: the PWM1 of single-chip microcomputer, PWM2, they control respectively the switching tube of two DC-DC boost charge circuit by PWM photoelectric coupling and impulse output circuit, in order to storage battery BT2 and BT3 are carried out to boost charge, and carry out MPPT;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are connected to 2 photoelectrical couplers control two relay J 1, J2 and switch 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, to realize under different illumination intensity, electrical power can be from solar-energy photo-voltaic cell to storage battery transmission, effectively absorb the electrical power of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, or the transmission to rear class storage battery by prime storage battery.
Described single-chip microcomputer is ATMegaAVR series monolithic.
Adopt above-mentioned multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell Power Controller, there is following control method:
State 1: when circuit start, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell reply storage battery BT1 continues charging, when its voltage reaches more than 2.7 volts, single-chip microcomputer is started working, and by single-chip microcomputer, the voltage of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, electric current I o, storage battery BT2, BT3 is detected;
State 2: when storage battery BT3 power shortage, single-chip microcomputer starts PWM2 output, start corresponding DC-DC boost charge circuit, trial is charged to storage battery BT3 by solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, the electromotive power output of simultaneously monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell changes, if electrical power increases, carry out MPPT control, to find maximum power point (mpp) to continue charging; If electrical power does not increase, think that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is inadequate, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT3 being charged, proceed to state 3;
State 3: when storage battery BT3 power shortage, check whether power shortage of storage battery BT2, if storage battery BT2 is not power shortage, single-chip microcomputer starting relay J2, and to storage battery BT3, charge by storage battery BT2 with maximum pulse width startup PWM2, realize electrical power and transmit from storage battery BT2 to storage battery BT3; When storage battery BT2 power shortage, get the hang of 4;
State 4: when storage battery BT2 power shortage, starting relay J1, start PWM1 output, and make corresponding DC-DC boost charge circuit working, trial is charged to storage battery BT2 by solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, and the electromotive power output of simultaneously monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell changes, if electrical power increases, carry out MPPT control, to find maximum power point (mpp) to continue charging; If electrical power does not increase, think that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is inadequate, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT2 being charged, proceed to state 5;
State 5: now solar-energy photo-voltaic cell due to light application ratio a little less than, electromotive power output is lower, can not charge to storage battery BT2 and BT3, directly to the storage battery BT1 utilization of charging, to maintain single-chip microcomputer work, when storage battery BT2 and the BT3 official hour section that all continued power shortage, single-chip microcomputer sends warning signal, prompting is used commercial power charged, and operating state is got back to state 1.
The above scheme is the solution of three grades of storage batterys, increases the method following (referring to Figure of description) of storage battery progression:
1, first order storage battery BT1 and afterbody storage battery BTn remain unchanged.
The intergrades such as the storage battery 2, increasing is BT2 to BTn-1, their voltage and battery capacity increase progressively step by step.
3, intergrade storage battery of every increase, the resistor voltage divider circuit that a DC-DC boost charge circuit, two control relay circuits need be set and intergrade battery tension is detected.Take a single-chip microcomputer IO port output PWM ripple and remove to control DC-DC boost charge circuit, take 2 relays of two single-chip microcomputer IO port controlling, take a Chip Microcomputer A/D conversion input and detect intergrade battery tension.
4, increase intergrade storage battery level maximum number and be subject to the AD conversion input number of single-chip microcomputer and the restriction of IO port number.
The present invention includes that a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, single-chip microcomputer, multistage storage battery, a plurality of DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay switch circuit, PWM photoelectric coupling and impulse output circuit form and connection line (seeing Figure of description), programming flow diagram, and shows application example.The control method of efficiently utilizing to solar-energy photo-voltaic cell in the present invention is presented as a plurality of storage batterys that use a plurality of different voltages, when solar-energy photo-voltaic cell is when strong and weak variation occurs in illumination, start different charging circuits, absorb the power of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, when charging, also use MPPT to follow the tracks of simultaneously, make full use of photovoltaic power.The capacity of afterbody storage battery and voltage are maximum, by it, are powered to the load, and middle battery capacity and voltage will successively decrease step by step, and they are when photovoltaic power is low, absorb photovoltaic power.And can provide backward step by step rechargeable electrical energy, can realize relay charging.Thereby it is similar to the way of supplying water of water lift step by step.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention adopts multistage storage battery and comparatively simple circuit, solved the problem of efficiently utilizing solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy, there is the convenient and reliable feature of application, and programming easily, easy to implement, being suitable for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell capacity can not be too large, the applications that output voltage is not high, the solar energy that is particularly suitable for electric bicycle can utilize, and reduces civil power and relies on, and increases mileages of continuation.Therefore, implement the present invention and have clean environment firendly meaning, there is very wide application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the power flow schematic diagram between solar-energy photo-voltaic cell energy and absorption storage battery at different levels in the present invention, under Single-chip Controlling, realize electric energy and transmit rearward step by step from solar-energy photo-voltaic cell to storage batterys at different levels or by storage batterys at different levels, until be sent to afterbody storage battery; Fig. 2 is the absorption electrical energy control circuit figure being comprised of 3 grades of storage batterys of the present invention, and in figure, BT0 is solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, and BT1, BT2 are intergrade storage battery, and BT3 is afterbody storage battery, finally by it, is powered to the load.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 is Software for Design flow chart, Fig. 3 is single-chip microcomputer main frame main program flow chart, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 is respectively storage batterys at different levels and absorbs electric energy subprogram workflow diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention and the course of work are further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this:
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 2, a kind of controller of multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy, it is characterized in that, a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, a single-chip microcomputer, 3 grades of storage batterys, 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay switch circuit, PWM photoelectric coupling and impulse output circuits form; 4 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are changed input port as AD, and these 4 IO ports detect respectively output current Io, the upper voltage of storage battery BT2, BT3 of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer produce 2 road pwm signal (PWM1, PWM2), they control respectively the MOS switching tube of two DC-DC boost charge circuit by PWM photoelectric coupling and impulse output circuit, in order to storage battery BT2 and BT3 are carried out to boost charge, and carry out MPPT;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are connected on 2 photoelectrical couplers, control two relay J 1, J2, switch 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, make under different solar irradiations, electrical power can be sent to storage battery from solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, effectively absorb solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electrical power, or be sent to rear class storage battery by prime storage battery.
Described single-chip microcomputer is ATMegaAVR series monolithic.
A control method for multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy, adopts the controller of aforesaid multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electric energy, and its operating state has:
State 1: when circuit start, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell reply storage battery BT1 continues charging, allow its voltage reach more than 2.7 volts, single-chip microcomputer is started working, by single-chip microcomputer, the voltage of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, electric current I o and storage battery BT2, storage battery BT3 is detected;
State 2: when storage battery BT3 power shortage, single-chip microcomputer starts PWM2 output, start corresponding DC-DC boost charge circuit, trial is charged to storage battery BT3 by solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, the electromotive power output of simultaneously monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell changes, if electrical power increases, carry out MPPT control, to find maximum power point (mpp) to continue charging; If electrical power does not increase, think that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is inadequate, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT3 being charged, proceed to state 3;
State 3: when storage battery BT3 power shortage, check whether power shortage of storage battery BT2, if storage battery BT2 power shortage not, single-chip microcomputer starting relay J2, and start PWM2 with maximum pulse width, and by storage battery BT2, to storage battery BT3, charge, realize electrical power and transmit to BT3 from storage battery BT2; When storage battery BT2 power shortage, get the hang of 4;
State 4: when storage battery BT2 power shortage, starting relay J1, and start PWM1 output, make corresponding D C-DC boost charge circuit working, trial is charged to storage battery BT2 by solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, and the electromotive power output of simultaneously monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell changes, if electrical power increases, carry out MPPT control, to find maximum power point (mpp) to continue charging; If electrical power does not increase, think that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is inadequate, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT2 being charged, proceed to state 5;
State 5: now solar-energy photo-voltaic cell due to light application ratio a little less than, electromotive power output is lower, can not charge to storage battery BT2 and BT3, directly to the storage battery BT1 utilization of charging, to maintain single-chip microcomputer work, when storage battery BT2 and the BT3 official hour section that all continued power shortage, single-chip microcomputer sends warning signal, prompting is used commercial power charged, and operating state is got back to state 1.
One, main program
Single-chip microcomputer main program operating process as shown in Figure 2, operation always after system starts.
Two, subprogram
Storage batterys at different levels absorb electric energy, by flow process as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, operate.Wherein Fig. 4 is the workflow of afterbody storage battery, and Fig. 3 is the 2nd grade of battery-operated flow process.
If surpass 3 grades in system, these storage battery flow processs that increase all should operate by Fig. 4.
Practical function:
This technology is applied to test on certain electric bicycle, using original 48V storage battery of electric bicycle as afterbody storage battery, centre adds 2 grades of storage batterys, and voltage is respectively 2.8V and 9V, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell nominal power 50W, open circuit voltage 21.4V short circuit current 3.31A, add after circuit of the present invention, in illumination strong summer, utilize the charging of photovoltaic electric energy, average every day is single rides 20 kilometers with interior mileage, substantially need not be commercial power charged.
Claims (1)
1. a multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell Power Controller, it is characterized in that, by a solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, a single-chip microcomputer, 3 grades of storage battery: BT1, BT2, BT3,2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, voltage and current detection circuit, relay switch circuit, PWM photoelectric coupling and impulse output circuits, formed; 4 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are changed input port as AD, and these 4 IO ports detect respectively the upper voltage of output current Io, storage battery BT2, the upper voltage of storage battery BT3 of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell;
2 IO ports of single-chip microcomputer produce 2 road pwm signal: PWM1, PWM2, and they control respectively the switching tube of 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit by PWM photoelectric coupling and impulse output circuit, in order to storage battery BT2 and BT3 are carried out to boost charge, and carry out MPPT;
2 other IO ports of single-chip microcomputer are connected to 2 photoelectrical couplers control two relay J 1, J2 and switch 2 DC-DC boost charge circuit, to realize under different illumination intensity, electrical power can be from solar-energy photo-voltaic cell to storage battery transmission, effectively absorb the electrical power of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, or the transmission to rear class storage battery by prime storage battery;
Described single-chip microcomputer is ATMegaAVR series monolithic;
Above-mentioned multistage absorption solar-energy photo-voltaic cell Power Controller, has following control method:
State 1: when circuit start, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell reply storage battery BT1 continues charging, when its voltage reaches more than 2.7 volts, single-chip microcomputer is started working, and by single-chip microcomputer, the voltage of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell voltage U o, electric current I o, storage battery BT2, BT3 is detected;
State 2: when storage battery BT3 power shortage, single-chip microcomputer starts PWM2 output, start corresponding DC-DC boost charge circuit, trial is charged to storage battery BT3 by solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, the electromotive power output of simultaneously monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell changes, if electrical power increases, carry out MPPT control, to find maximum power point (mpp) to continue charging; If electrical power does not increase, think that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is inadequate, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT3 being charged, proceed to state 3;
State 3: when storage battery BT3 power shortage, check whether power shortage of storage battery BT2, if storage battery BT2 is not power shortage, single-chip microcomputer starting relay J2, and to storage battery BT3, charge by storage battery BT2 with maximum pulse width startup PWM2, realize electrical power and transmit from storage battery BT2 to storage battery BT3; When storage battery BT2 power shortage, get the hang of 4;
State 4: when storage battery BT2 power shortage, starting relay J1, start PWM1 output, and make corresponding DC-DC boost charge circuit working, trial is charged to storage battery BT2 by solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, and the electromotive power output of simultaneously monitoring solar-energy photo-voltaic cell changes, if electrical power increases, carry out MPPT control, to find maximum power point (mpp) to continue charging; If electrical power does not increase, think that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output is inadequate, be not suitable for directly storage battery BT2 being charged, proceed to state 5;
State 5: now solar-energy photo-voltaic cell due to light application ratio a little less than, electromotive power output is lower, can not charge to storage battery BT2 and BT3, directly to the storage battery BT1 utilization of charging, to maintain single-chip microcomputer work, when storage battery BT2 and the BT3 official hour section that all continued power shortage, single-chip microcomputer sends warning signal, prompting is used commercial power charged, and operating state is got back to state 1.
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| CN107302256A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-10-27 | 桂林航天工业学院 | It is a kind of based on solar powered electromagnetic engine system |
| CN107394874A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-24 | 浙江工贸职业技术学院 | A kind of PV air-conditioner power supply circuit and PV air-conditioner |
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| CN101277028A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-01 | 胡海洋 | Solar battery power supply system storing power using double accumulators |
| CN201204725Y (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-03-04 | 上海建科建筑节能技术有限公司 | Intelligent switch controller for solar street lamp |
| CN202276300U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-06-13 | 长沙学院 | Multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell electric energy controller |
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| TW200827974A (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-07-01 | Ming-Hsin Sun | Power tracking system of solar energy system and the method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101277028A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-01 | 胡海洋 | Solar battery power supply system storing power using double accumulators |
| CN201204725Y (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-03-04 | 上海建科建筑节能技术有限公司 | Intelligent switch controller for solar street lamp |
| CN202276300U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-06-13 | 长沙学院 | Multistage absorption solar photovoltaic cell electric energy controller |
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