CN204190691U - Solar Cell Power Management Controller - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of solar battery power Management Controller, it comprises electricity generation module, generator unit voltage measurement module, connection in series-parallel modular converter, storage battery and control module, and they are electrically connected to each other.Control module provides connection in series-parallel changeover control signal according to measurement generator unit voltage levels and storage battery maximum charging voltage, and connection in series-parallel changeover control signal controls the parallel-series switch circuit of connection in series-parallel modular converter.Control to be automatically converted to its generator unit by control module when voltage is low to be connected in series, controlled to be automatically converted to generator unit connection in series-parallel Hybrid connections by control module when voltage is lower, control to be automatically converted to generator unit by control module during voltage height and be connected in parallel.Realize effective utilization of generator unit electric energy when low-voltage output; Overcome the defect that conventional solar cell can not export electric energy under dark weather, maximal efficiency make use of solar energy; It is equally applicable to the observing and controlling of various generator unit.

Description

Solar Cell Power Management Controller

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of electronic measurement control and new energy, and relates to a solar battery power management controller, which is also applicable to the measurement and control of various power generation units.

Background technique

With the deepening of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the utilization and research of solar energy has received extensive attention. Making full use of solar energy is an energy strategic decision for sustainable development of governments around the world. Solar energy is an inexhaustible renewable energy source for human beings. It is a clean energy source and does not produce any environmental pollution. In the effective use of solar energy, solar cell power generation is the fastest growing and most dynamic in recent years. application field. Solar cell power generation is based on the principle of "photovoltaic effect", which directly converts solar radiation into electrical energy. It has the advantages of permanence, cleanliness and great flexibility, which are unmatched by other energy sources. At present, the whole world is promoting the application of solar power generation. Many countries are carrying out research and development of solar power generation on a large scale, and actively producing various related new energy-saving products. The application of solar cell power generation includes military field, aerospace field, industry, commerce, agriculture, communication and household appliances and public facilities, etc. It is especially suitable for use in remote areas, mountains, deserts, islands and rural areas to save expensive power transmission line.

The solar power controller is a solar charge and discharge controller, which is an automatic control device used in a solar power generation system to control multiple solar cell components to charge the battery and the battery to supply power to the load. Solar power controllers usually use microprocessors and A/D analog-to-digital converters to quickly collect the current working status of solar cells in real time, and control the charging and discharging of storage batteries according to the working information of solar cells to achieve efficient use of solar power generation.

At present, the main goal of development and utilization is how to further reduce costs while improving efficiency. There are many solar controller circuits based on single-chip microcomputers that use single-chip microcomputers to control solar cells so that they can be charged/discharged efficiently, and finally achieve the purpose of improving efficiency. . At the same time, the cost is reduced, and the small-scale solar battery controller based on the single-chip microcomputer control has various characteristics such as economical, environmental protection and intelligence.

The solar power controller is mainly used for data collection and monitoring and control of the photovoltaic system, to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery, to prevent overcharging and over-discharging, and to prolong the service life of the storage battery. However, traditional solar battery controllers cannot output electric energy in dark weather, and cannot maintain grid connection when connecting to the grid, resulting in defects such as disconnection of the grid.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above situation, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a simple and compact structure, easy to manufacture, convenient to use, good commercial prospects, suitable for popularization and promotion; to achieve continuous output of electric energy in dark weather, and to maintain grid-connected power supply when grid-connected A solar cell power management controller.

In order to achieve the above object, a solar battery power management controller includes a power generation module, a power generation unit voltage measurement module, a series-parallel conversion module, a storage battery and a control module, which are electrically connected to each other. The control module provides a series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the storage battery, and the series-parallel conversion control signal controls the series-parallel conversion switch circuit of the series-parallel conversion module. When the voltage is low, it is controlled by the control module to automatically switch to the series connection of the power generation units. When the voltage is low, it is controlled by the control module to automatically switch to the series-parallel hybrid connection of the power generation units.

The series-parallel conversion switch circuit constitutes a series-parallel conversion module, which is mainly composed of a parallel switch K _parallel , a series switch K _series , a grounding switch K _grounding and a hybrid connection switch K _mixed . The parallel switch K _{and 1} are connected to the positive poles of the front and rear power supply components, the parallel switch K _{and 2} are connected to the negative poles of the front and rear power supply components, the series switch K is connected _{in series} from the positive pole of the front power supply component to the negative pole of the rear power supply component, and the grounding switch K _{The ground} connects the negative pole of the power supply component to the negative terminal of the total output, and the mixed connection switch K _mixes the positive pole of the power supply component to the positive terminal of the total output. In order to achieve series-parallel conversion and output electric energy, further measures include:

The parallel switch K is composed of relays _, the series switch K _{is series} , the grounding switch K _{is grounding} and the mixed connection switch K _{is mixed} .

The electronic switch is composed of a parallel switch K _parallel , a series switch K _string , a ground switch K _ground and a mixed connection switch K _mixed .

The parallel switch K parallel _, the series switch K _series , the ground switch K _ground and the mixed connection switch K _mixed are composed of high-power switch tubes.

The utility model is composed of a power generation module, a power generation unit voltage measurement module, a series-parallel conversion module, a storage battery and a control module; The module is composed of an analog-to-digital conversion circuit; the series-parallel conversion module is composed of a signal amplifier and a series-parallel conversion switch circuit; the control module is composed of a microprocessor; the control module is connected with the voltage measurement module of the power generation unit, the series-parallel conversion conversion module and the storage battery, The voltage measurement module of the power generation unit is connected with the power generation module; the control module outputs a series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the power storage module. When the voltage is low, it outputs a series connection control signal, and when the voltage is low, it outputs a series-parallel hybrid connection. Control signal, when the voltage is high, output the parallel connection control signal to control the series-parallel conversion switch circuit; the series-parallel conversion is based on the control module’s control series-parallel conversion signal, and when the power generation voltage is low, the control module controls and automatically converts its power generation unit into series connection to generate electricity When the voltage is low, it is controlled by the control module to automatically switch to the series-parallel hybrid connection of the generating units, and when the generating voltage is high, it is controlled by the control module to automatically switch to the parallel connection of the generating units.

The working process of the solar battery power management controller is to measure the voltage level of the power generation unit first, and then the control module gives the series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage level of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the storage battery, and the series-parallel conversion control signal controls the series-parallel conversion The switch circuit connects the appropriate output circuit according to the real-time voltage of the power generation unit, so that the solar battery power supply is in the best output energy working state.

The utility model realizes the effective utilization of the electric energy of the power generation unit at low voltage output, it overcomes the defect that the traditional solar battery cannot output electric energy in dark weather, it can maintain the grid connection when the power supply is connected to the grid, and utilize the solar energy with maximum efficiency; it also It is suitable for measurement and control of various power generation units.

Compared with the beneficial effects produced by the prior art, the utility model:

(1) The utility model only needs to add a series-parallel conversion switch circuit and a control circuit on the traditional solar battery power management controller, and adjust the series-parallel conversion switch circuit in real time by controlling the series-parallel conversion switch circuit to utilize solar energy with maximum efficiency.

(2) Compared with the traditional solar battery controller, the utility model can maintain grid-connected operation when grid-connected power supply, avoiding the danger of grid disconnection.

(3) The electronic components added by the utility model are conventional electronic components, the price is not expensive, there is no need to invest in new equipment, and the cost increases little.

(4) The system of the utility model has simple and reliable structure, low manufacturing cost and easy manufacture, greatly improves the power generation efficiency of solar cells, has good commercial prospects, and is suitable for popularization and popularization.

The utility model is suitable for the measurement and control of various solar cell power generation units; it can also be widely used in various power generation fields such as wind power generation.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described further.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar battery power management controller of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a circuit structure diagram of a series-parallel conversion conversion module of two generating units of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a circuit structure diagram of a series-parallel conversion conversion module with three generating units of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a circuit structure diagram of a series-parallel conversion conversion module with four generating units of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the utility model is described in further detail.

As shown in Figure 1, a solar battery power management controller includes a power generation module, a power generation unit voltage measurement module, a series-parallel conversion module, a storage battery and a control module, which are electrically connected to each other. The control module provides a series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the storage battery, and the series-parallel conversion control signal controls the series-parallel conversion switch circuit of the series-parallel conversion module. When the voltage is low, it is controlled by the control module to automatically switch to the series connection of the power generation units. When the voltage is low, it is controlled by the control module to automatically switch to the series-parallel hybrid connection of the power generation units.

As shown in Figure 2, it is a series-parallel conversion conversion module circuit of two power generation unit modules. In this case, the series-parallel conversion conversion module circuit includes a parallel switch K _{parallel 1} , a parallel switch K _{parallel 2} and a series switch K _series . . The parallel switch K _{parallel 1} is connected to the positive poles of the front and rear two power supply components, and connects the positive poles of each power supply component to _{the output} terminal of the total output positive pole V; the parallel switch K _{parallel 2} is connected to the negative poles of the front and rear two power supply components, and connects each power supply component. The negative pole is connected to the ground terminal of the negative pole of the total output; the series switch K connects the negative _pole of the front-stage power supply component E ₁ to the positive pole of the subsequent power supply component E ₂ in series.

1 and 2 shown in the accompanying drawings, the working principle of a solar battery power management controller is as follows.

Referring to accompanying drawings 1 and 2, the power generation module includes two power generation units connected in series and parallel by solar cells; the voltage measurement module of the power generation unit is composed of an analog-to-digital conversion circuit; the series-parallel conversion module is composed of a signal amplifier and a series-parallel conversion The switch circuit is composed; the control module is composed of a microprocessor. The control module is connected with the voltage measurement module of the power generation unit, the series-parallel conversion conversion module and the storage battery, and the voltage measurement module of the power generation unit is connected with the power generation module. When the controller is working, it first measures the voltage level of the power generation unit, and then the control module outputs a series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage level of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the power storage module, and the series-parallel conversion control signal controls the series-parallel conversion switch circuit. When the voltage is low, the series connection control signal is output to control the series-parallel conversion switch circuit to automatically switch to the series connection of its power generation units. First, the parallel switch K _{parallel 1} and the parallel switch K _{parallel 2} are in the disconnected state, and then the series switch K _series is closed state, so that the power generation units _E1 and _E2 are in series connection output; when the voltage is high, the parallel connection control signal is output to control the series-parallel conversion switch circuit to automatically switch to the parallel connection of the power generation units. First, the series switch K _series is in the disconnected state, Then the parallel switch _Kparallel and the parallel switch Kparallel ₂ are closed, so that the generating units _E1 and _E2 are output in parallel connection. Therefore, it is connected to an appropriate output circuit according to the real-time voltage level of the power generation unit, and finally the solar battery power supply is in the best output energy working state, so that it can output electric energy even in dark weather.

As shown in Figure 3, it is a series-parallel conversion module circuit of three power generation unit modules. In this case, the series-parallel conversion module circuit includes a parallel switch K _{parallel 1} , a parallel switch K _{parallel 2} , a parallel switch K _{parallel 3} , It is composed of parallel switch K _{parallel 4} , series switch K _{series 1} and series switch K _{series 2} , etc. Parallel switch Kparallel ₁ and parallel switch Kparallel ₃ are connected to the positive poles of the front and rear power supply components, and connect the positive poles of each power supply component to the _output terminal of the total output positive pole V; parallel switch Kparallel ₂ and parallel switch _{Kparallel 4} are connected to the front and rear The negative poles of the two power supply components, and connect the negative poles of each power supply component to the negative ground terminal of the total output; the series switch K _{series 1} connects the negative pole of the previous power supply component E ₁ to the positive pole of the subsequent power supply component E ₂ , and the series switch K ₂ connects The negative pole of the pre-stage power supply component _E2 to the positive pole of the subsequent power supply component _E3 .

Referring to Figures 1 and 3, when the controller is working, the control module outputs a series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage level of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the power storage module. When the voltage is low, the series connection control signal is output to control the series-parallel conversion switch circuit to automatically convert its power generation units into series connection. First, make the parallel switch K _{parallel 1} , parallel switch K _{parallel 2} , parallel switch K _{parallel 3} and parallel switch K _{parallel 4} In the disconnected state, the series switch K _{series 1} and the series switch K _{series 2} are closed, so that the power generation units E ₁ , E ₂ and E ₃ are output in series connection; when the voltage is high, the parallel connection control signal is output to control the series-parallel connection The transfer switch circuit is automatically converted to the parallel connection of the power generation units. First, the series switch K _{series 1} and the series switch K _{series 2} are in the disconnected state, and then the parallel switch K parallel ₁ , parallel switch K _{parallel 2} , parallel switch K _{parallel 3} and parallel The switches K _{and 4} are closed, thus making the output of the generating units E ₁ , E ₂ and E ₃ in parallel connection. When the voltage is low, the series-parallel hybrid connection control signal is output, and the series-parallel conversion switch circuit is automatically converted into a series-parallel hybrid connection of its power generation unit. First, the parallel switch K _{parallel 3} , the parallel switch K _{parallel 4} and the series switch K _{series 1} are off Open state, then make parallel switch K _{parallel 1} , parallel switch K _{parallel 2} and series switch K _{series 2} in closed state, it makes E ₁ and E ₂ parallel, E ₁ and E ₂ form series with E ₃ , so the power generation Units E ₁ , E ₂ and E ₃ are in series-parallel hybrid connection output; it is also possible to first make the parallel switch K _{parallel 1} , the parallel switch K _{parallel 2} and the series switch K _{series 2} in the disconnected state, and then make the parallel switch K _{parallel 3} and The parallel switch K parallel ₄ and the series switch K _{series 1} are in the closed state, which connects E ₂ and E ₃ in parallel, and E ₁ is connected in series with E ₂ and E ₃ , so that the power generation units E ₁ , E ₂ and E ₃ are in series-parallel connection Hybrid connection output.

As shown in Figure 4, it is a series-parallel conversion conversion module circuit of four power generation unit modules. In this case, the series-parallel conversion conversion module circuit includes a parallel switch K _{parallel 1} , a parallel switch K _{parallel 2} , a parallel switch K _{parallel 3} , Parallel switch K _{parallel 4} , parallel switch K _{parallel 5} , parallel switch K _{parallel 6} , series switch K _{series 1} , series switch K _{series 2} , series switch K _{series 3} , mixed connection switch K _{mixed 1} and _grounding switch K Connect the switch K _{to mix 2} ) and so on. Parallel switch Kparallel ₁ , parallel switch _{Kparallel 3} and parallel switch _{Kparallel 5} are connected to the positive poles of the two front and rear power components; mixed connection switch K _{mixed 1} connects the positive pole of E ₃ power supply components to the total output positive pole V _output terminal; parallel Switch Kparallel ₂ , parallel switch Kparallel ₄ and parallel switch _{Kparallel 6} are connected to the negative poles of the front and rear power supply components; the ground switch K _{is grounded} (that is, the mixed connection switch Kmix ₂ ) connects the negative pole of the _E2 power supply component to the negative pole of the total output. Terminal; series switch K _{series 1} connects the negative pole of the front-stage power supply component _E1 to the positive pole of the subsequent power supply component E2, and the series switch K _{series 2} connects the negative pole of the front-stage power supply component _E2 to the positive pole of the subsequent power supply component _E3 , The series switch K _{series 3} connects the negative pole of the preceding power supply component _E3 to the positive pole of the subsequent power supply component _E4 .

Referring to Figures 1 and 4, when the controller is working, the control module outputs a series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage level of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the power storage module. When the voltage is low, the series connection control signal is output to control the series-parallel conversion switch circuit to automatically switch to the series connection of its power generation units. First, make the parallel switch K _{parallel 1} , parallel switch K _{parallel 2} , parallel switch K _{parallel 3} , parallel switch K _{parallel 4} , The parallel switch Kparallel ₅ and the parallel switch _{Kparallel 6} and the hybrid connection switch Kmix ₁ and the hybrid connection switch Kmix ₂ are in the off state, and then the series switch K _{string 1} , the series switch K _{string 2} and the series switch K _{string 3} are in the off state. The closed state thus puts the generating units E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ and E ₄ in series connection output. When the voltage is high, the parallel connection control signal is output to control the series-parallel conversion switch circuit to automatically switch to the parallel connection of the generating units. Firstly, the series switch K _{series 1} , the series switch K _{series 2 and} the series switch K Switch Kparallel ₁ , parallel switch _{Kparallel 2} , parallel switch _{Kparallel 3} , parallel switch _{Kparallel 4} , parallel switch _{Kparallel 5} and parallel switch _{Kparallel 6} are in the closed state, which also makes the hybrid connection switch K _{hybrid 1} and hybrid connection switch The K _{-mix 2} is closed, thus putting the generating units E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ and E ₄ in parallel connection output. When the voltage is low, the series-parallel hybrid connection control signal is output, and the series-parallel _conversion switch circuit is automatically converted into a _series - _parallel hybrid connection of its power generation unit. Switch K _{parallel 4} , parallel switch K _{parallel 5} , parallel switch K _{parallel 6} , and series switch K _{series 2} are in the open state, then make the series switch K _{series 1} and series switch K _{series 3} in the closed state, and then make the mixed connection switch K _{Hybrid 1} and hybrid connection switch K and hybrid ₂ are in the closed state, which makes E ₁ and E ₂ series connected, E ₃ and E ₄ connected in series, E ₁ string E 2 and _{E 3 string} E ₄ form a parallel connection, thus making the power generation unit E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ and E ₄ are in series-parallel hybrid connection output; E ₁ and E ₂ can also be connected in parallel, E ₃ and E ₄ can be connected in parallel, E ₁ and E ₂ can be connected in series with E ₃ and E ₄ to achieve power generation Units E ₁ , E ₂ and E ₃ are in series-parallel hybrid connection output.

Claims (9)

1. A solar battery power management controller is characterized in that it includes a power generation module, a power generation unit voltage measurement module, a series-parallel conversion module, a power storage module and a control module. 2. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1, wherein the power generation module includes a plurality of power generation units, and each power generation unit is connected in series and parallel by solar cells. 3. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1, characterized in that the power generation unit voltage measurement module is composed of an analog-to-digital conversion circuit. 4. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1, characterized in that the series-parallel conversion module is composed of a signal amplifier and a series-parallel conversion switch circuit. 5. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1, wherein the control module outputs a series-parallel conversion signal to control the series-parallel conversion switch circuit. 6. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1, wherein the control module provides a series-parallel conversion control signal according to the measured voltage of the power generation unit and the highest charging voltage of the power storage module, and outputs a series connection control signal when the voltage is low , when the voltage is low, the series-parallel hybrid connection control signal is output, and when the voltage is high, the parallel connection control signal is output. 7. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1, wherein the series-parallel conversion is controlled by the control module to control the series-parallel conversion module according to the voltage level measured by the power generation unit voltage measurement module; when the power generation voltage is low, the control module The control automatically converts the series connection of the power generation units. When the power generation voltage is low, the control module controls the automatic conversion to the series-parallel hybrid connection of the power generation units. When the power generation voltage is high, the control module controls the automatic conversion to the parallel connection of the power generation units. 8. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1, characterized in that the control module is connected with the power generation unit voltage measurement module, the series-parallel conversion conversion module and the power storage module; the power generation unit voltage measurement module is connected with the power generation module. 9. The solar battery power management controller according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the series-parallel conversion switch circuit is composed of a parallel switch K _parallel , a series switch K _series , a grounding switch K _grounding and _a hybrid connection switch K; The switch K _{parallel 1} is connected to the positive poles of the front and rear power supplies, the parallel switch K _{parallel 2} is connected to the negative poles of the front and rear power supplies, the series switch K connects the positive _poles of the front power supply to the negative poles of the rear power supplies in series, and the grounding switch K is _{grounded and} connected to the negative poles of the power supplies To the negative terminal of the total output, the mixed connection switch K _{is mixed to} connect the positive pole of the power supply to the positive terminal of the total output.