CN202083973U - Current biasing circuit used for magnetic sensor - Google Patents
Current biasing circuit used for magnetic sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN202083973U CN202083973U CN2011201631277U CN201120163127U CN202083973U CN 202083973 U CN202083973 U CN 202083973U CN 2011201631277 U CN2011201631277 U CN 2011201631277U CN 201120163127 U CN201120163127 U CN 201120163127U CN 202083973 U CN202083973 U CN 202083973U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a current biasing circuit used for a magnetic sensor, which mainly comprises a signal generation circuit, a V/I (voltage/ current) switching circuit, a preamplifier circuit, a detection circuit, a lowpass filtering circuit, a difference amplifying circuit, a feedback circuit and a direct-current biasing circuit. A chip MAX 038 serves as the signal generation circuit to generate high-frequency alternating-current voltage signals, stable exciting currents are provided for magnetic sensitive devices through the V/I switching circuit, the direct-current biasing circuit provides biasing currents for a biasing coil to generate a biasing magnetic field and provide a proper operation area for the magnetic sensor, output voltage signals processed by currents of the preamplifier circuit and the like are converted into current signals through the feedback circuit, and a feedback magnetic field is formed by means of the feedback coil. The exciting currents provided by the current biasing circuit is better in stability, the operation area of the magnetic sensor is moved to a linear section of an excitation curve of the magnetic sensor so that measurement is facilitated, performance of the whole sensor device is improved, and measuring range of the magnetic sensor is broadened.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to weak magnetic survey device technique field, and concrete is a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor.
Background technology
The high precision micro-magnetic sensor is with a wide range of applications and active demand at scientific research fields such as biological magnetic measurement, earth-magnetic navigation, magnetic survey, space magnetic field measurements.Magnetic Sensor is a kind of converter that can convert magnetic field to corresponding electric signal, be used for realizing that the principle of Magnetic Sensor has a lot, for example Hall effect, magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance effect, giant magnetoresistance effect, nuclear precession, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), magnetoelastic effect etc.In superhigh precision magnetic measurement field, to measure such as biological magnetic signal, typical cardiac magnetic field is 10
-9-10
-10Tesla (T), brain magnetic field is 10
-11-10
-12T can really satisfy at present and detect 10
-12The Magnetic Sensor of T magnitude measuring accuracy has optically pumped magnetometer, detecting coil magnetometer, flux-gate magnetometer, giant magnetic impedance magnetic strength meter, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) (SQUID).
The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detection accuracy is the highest, can reach 10
-14T (high-temperature superconductor) and 10
-15T (low-temperature superconducting), but, limited its large-scale application owing to design and produce and use comparatively complexity.Flux-gate magnetometer sensitivity can reach 8 * 10
-5A/m, but because stray capacitance, magnetic core winding can make the response speed of this Magnetic Sensor reduce.The Hall element temperature stability is poor, and weak magnetic sensitivity is unfavorable for small current measurement for a short time.Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element is the giant magnetoresistance effect that utilizes some magnetic material, this effect is the phenomenon of the resistance generation great change of material under the situation of externally-applied magnetic field, its sensitivity can improve an order of magnitude, reach 1%/Oe, but the sensor with the GMR material is still not very good, usually only just can see with adding under the high-intensity magnetic field (approximately 10kOe) at low temperature, and only limit to the very not significant metallic multilayer membrane material of GMR effect again, and also have problems such as magnetic hysteresis, temperature instability.These have all limited its application in the magnetoelectricity fields of measurement.Magnetic Sensor based on giant magnetic impedance (GMI) effect, at room temperature just can obtain sizable magneto-impedance effect, generally can reach the sensitivity of 12%-120%/Oe, this point has significant meaning for the detection of low-intensity magnetic field, have and can be made into miniature, high sensitivity (1-0.1nT), response fast, no magnetic hysteresis, advantage that temperature stability is good, and with MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems is called for short MEMS) process compatible.
Giant magnetoresistance effect is meant that the axial resistance value of Sensitive Apparatus such as amorphous wire can change along with the variation of external magnetic field.The corresponding relation that therefore can reflect external magnetic field and Sensitive Apparatus resistance value indirectly by the variation that detects the Sensitive Apparatus both end voltage.And this point need could realize under the prerequisite of the stability that guarantees exciting current, actually otherwise can't know that just change in voltage is changed by electric current that or the change in impedance value cause causes, at present, adopt the Magnetic Sensor of giant magnetoresistance effect to adopt discrete component to build signal generator.Secondly, the Magnetic Sensor of giant magnetoresistance effect is to the impedance variation of external magnetic field symmetry normally, and promptly for positive counter magnetic field, the variation of voltage all is identical, therefore can't judge the direction of the external magnetic field of surveying, and the while linearity is also bad.Generalized case is to add bias magnetic field, makes the linearity range that is positioned at magnetization curve between detection zone, also can reflect the direction of external magnetic field simultaneously.In addition, for the magnetic sensor system of open loop, total relative error is each series connection link relative error sum, and each relative error is to wait power to the total relative error of system, therefore will guarantee system's resultnat accuracy, must reduce the relative error of each link.Because can't guarantee that the relative error of each link is all very little, so the measuring accuracy of the magnetic sensor system of open loop is not ideal usually, simultaneously owing to reason such as very narrow between the linear zone of magnetic material magnetization curve, detected external magnetic field range is limited, therefore need to adopt feedback technique to form the magnetic sensor system of closed loop, further improve the performance of magnetic sensor system.
The utility model content
The utility model has proposed a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor at the GMI effect of Sensitive Apparatus in the Magnetic Sensor.
A kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor comprises: signal generating circuit, V/I change-over circuit, pre-amplification circuit, peak-detector circuit, low-pass filter circuit, differential amplifier circuit, dc bias circuit, feedback circuit, bias coil, tickler and reference voltage source.
Signal generating circuit is used to produce original high-frequency ac voltage signal, is converted into ac current signal through the V/I change-over circuit, and for Sensitive Apparatus provides excitation, the Sensitive Apparatus two ends produce the high-frequency ac voltage signal.The input end of pre-amplification circuit is connected on the two ends of Sensitive Apparatus, is used for that the high-frequency ac voltage signal that the Sensitive Apparatus two ends produce is carried out one-level and amplifies, and the output terminal of pre-amplification circuit links to each other with the input end of peak-detector circuit.The high-frequency ac voltage conversion of signals that peak-detector circuit is used for carrying out after one-level is amplified is the peak DC voltage signal.Low-pass filter circuit is done the high frequency noise filtering with the peak DC voltage signal and is handled, and obtains d. c. voltage signal.Differential amplifier circuit is used for the reference voltage signal that d. c. voltage signal and reference voltage source provide being carried out calculus of differences and amplifying, and obtains output voltage signal V
0Dc bias circuit is used to produce a bias current signal and exports to bias coil generation bias magnetic field.Feedback circuit is used for the output voltage signal V with differential amplifier circuit
0Change into current signal and feed back to tickler generation feedback magnetic field.Bias coil and tickler place the both sides of Sensitive Apparatus respectively, and ground connection all.
The utility model compared with prior art, have following useful effect: the integrated signal generator that (1) the utility model adopts adopts chip MAX038, the signal generator of building than discrete component, noise is little, drift is low, stability is high, make that the stability of exciting current is better, improve external magnetic field---the accuracy that output voltage is demarcated.(2) the V/I conversion circuit of the utility model employing is equivalent to export constant-source with adjustable, and the stability of exciting current, direct current biasing all is further enhanced.(3) the utility model adopts dc bias circuit that the workspace of Magnetic Sensor is moved to the linearity range of its excitation curve, is convenient to measure, and adopts feedback circuit comprehensively to improve the performance of whole magnet sensor arrangement, has enlarged the measurement range of Magnetic Sensor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram that is used for the current biasing circuit of Magnetic Sensor of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the change curve synoptic diagram of the output voltage of the applied Magnetic Sensor of the utility model with external magnetic field;
Fig. 3 is the curve enlarged diagram that adopts A place among Fig. 2 that bias magnetic field of the present utility model obtains;
Fig. 4 is the curve synoptic diagram that output voltage changed with external magnetic field before and after the feedback circuit in the utility model added.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor of the present utility model comprises: signal generating circuit 1, V/I change-over circuit 2, pre-amplification circuit 3, peak-detector circuit 4, low-pass filter circuit 5, differential amplifier circuit 6, dc bias circuit 7, feedback circuit 8, bias coil 9, tickler 10 and reference voltage source 11.
The output terminal of signal generating circuit 1 links to each other with the input end of V/I change-over circuit 2; The output terminal of V/I change-over circuit 2 links to each other with an end of Sensitive Apparatus 12, the other end ground connection of Sensitive Apparatus 12; The input end of pre-amplification circuit 3 is connected on the two ends of Sensitive Apparatus 12, and the output terminal of pre-amplification circuit 3 links to each other with the input end of peak-detector circuit 4; The output terminal of peak-detector circuit 4 links to each other with the input end of low-pass filter circuit 5; The output terminal of low-pass filter circuit 5 links to each other with the input end of differential amplifier circuit 6; The output terminal of reference voltage source 11 links to each other with the input end of differential amplifier circuit 6; The output terminal of differential amplifier circuit 6 connects the input end of feedback circuit 8; The output terminal of feedback circuit 8 connects tickler 10; The output terminal of dc bias circuit 7 connects bias coil 9; Bias coil 9 and tickler 10 place the both sides of Sensitive Apparatus 12 respectively, and ground connection all.
The described signal generating circuit 1 main chip MAX038 that adopts realizes, is used to produce original high-frequency ac voltage signal and offers Sensitive Apparatus 12 and carry out excitation, and Sensitive Apparatus 12 can be an amorphous wire.The chip MAX038 inside of adopting mainly partly is made up of oscillator, reference voltage source, constant current source generation circuit, multidiameter option switch, comparer, phase detectors, output buffer etc., has characteristics such as bandwidth, output voltage stabilization, noise are little.
Described V/I (voltage and electric current) change-over circuit 2 is made up of integrated operational amplifier, and original high-frequency ac voltage signal is converted into current signal, is equivalent to an output constant-source with adjustable, for Sensitive Apparatus 12 provides stable excitation alternating current.V/I change-over circuit 2 has current stability factor, the output impedance performance is good, drift about low, noise is little, the fluctuation of input voltage is to characteristics such as integrated operational amplifier output influence are little.
Described pre-amplification circuit 3 is connected on the two ends of Sensitive Apparatus, Sensitive Apparatus 12 two ends is produced the high-frequency ac voltage signal carry out the one-level amplification.Pre-amplification circuit 3 is the in-phase proportion amplifying circuit of being made up of integrated transporting discharging and feedback resistance, realizes amplification to Sensitive Apparatus 12 two ends high-frequency voltage signals by the value of adjusting feedback resistance.Integrated transporting discharging has the characteristics that offset voltage, offset current are little and noise is low of input.
Described peak-detector circuit 4 adopts the diode peak envelop detection, and the high-frequency ac voltage signal after one-level is amplified changes into the d. c. voltage signal of ac voltage signal peak value.
Described low-pass filter circuit 5 adopts the active quadravalence Butterworth filter of RC to realize, input impedance height, output impedance are low, have good load capacity, and can well filter the high frequency noise of the peak DC voltage signal of input.
Described differential amplifier circuit 6 amplifies the output terminal that is connected on low-pass filter 5 as the back level, has characteristics such as low temperature floats, high-gain, high cmrr, low noise, and the d. c. voltage signal that prime is decayed amplifies, and is convenient to detect.Reference voltage source 11 can adopt the TL431 three terminal regulator, to differential amplifier circuit 6 feedings and when the external magnetic field is zero, and the reference voltage signal that the d. c. voltage signal at Sensitive Apparatus 12 two ends equates.The reference voltage signal that differential amplifier circuit 6 provides d. c. voltage signal and the reference voltage source 11 of input carries out calculus of differences and amplifies, and obtains Sensitive Apparatus 12 because the d. c. voltage signal of the resistance correspondence of external magnetic place variation.
Described dc bias circuit 7 is a precision constant current source, produce a bias current signal and export to bias coil 9, produce bias magnetic field by bias coil 9, with the workspace reset of Magnetic Sensor near 2.6Oe, make the linearity good, be convenient to demarcate, can distinguish the direction of the external magnetic field of surveying simultaneously.
Described feedback circuit 8 adopts accurate wire resistor, with output voltage signal V
0Change into current signal and feed back in the tickler 10, produce feedback magnetic field and regulate external magnetic field, can enlarge the scope that weak magnetic detects.Feedback circuit 8 is adjusted depth of feedback by the value of adjusting accurate wire resistor, though sensitivity decreases, the linearity and sensing range and stability all are improved.
As shown in Figure 1, the acp chip MAX038 of signal generating circuit 1 is by the power supply of ± 5V power supply, by connecting the small number of external device, can obtain the output waveform that needs, and output signal frequency is adjustable.In the original high-frequency ac voltage signal input V/I change-over circuit 2 of chip MAX038 output, voltage signal becomes stable current signal, and Sensitive Apparatus 12 is carried out excitation.The power end of signal generating circuit 1 has access to decoupling capacitance to reduce noise, and the self-sustained oscillation noise that causes for fear of the influence of the inductance effect that exists because of decoupling capacitance itself, on jumbo decoupling capacitance again and connect the capacitor of a low capacity, to reduce its resultant impedance as far as possible, also can be close to the road well when making high frequency, thereby suppress the self-sustained oscillation noise.
The high-frequency ac voltage signal at 3 pairs of Sensitive Apparatus 12 two ends of pre-amplification circuit carries out exporting to peak-detector circuit 4 after one-level is amplified, peak-detector circuit 4 is converted into the peak DC voltage signal with the high-frequency ac voltage signal of input, obtain d. c. voltage signal through low-pass filter circuit 5 elimination high frequency noises, the d. c. voltage signal that obtains at last amplifies once more through differential amplifier circuit 6, final output terminal output voltage V at differential amplifier circuit 6
0, the output voltage V that can observe the output terminal of differential amplifier circuit 6 with oscillograph
0Variation.
The size of the bias current by regulating dc bias circuit 7 makes the workspace of Magnetic Sensor move to the linearity range of its excitation curve, by the depth of feedback of feedback circuit 8, improves the overall performance of whole Magnetic Sensor.
Each several part circuit elements device parameters is as follows among the utility model embodiment:
According to the data that experimental study obtains, selecting the optimum signal frequency for the survey Sensitive Apparatus is 10MHz, and the Optimum Excitation current amplitude is 30mA.Provide the original high-frequency ac voltage signal of 0.75V～3V by signal generating circuit 1, the original high-frequency ac voltage signal of 1.5V is provided in the present embodiment.The power end decoupling capacitance of signal generating circuit 1 can be 20uF～90uF size, selects the electric capacity of 47uF in this present embodiment for use, and the little electric capacity of bypass in parallel can be selected 50nF～200nF size, selects the electric capacity of 100nF in the present embodiment for use.Pre-amplification circuit 3 selects chip AD848 to realize, selecting enlargement factor is about 6 times.Commutation diode in the peak-detector circuit 4 is selected schottky diode for use.Integrated transporting discharging in the low-pass filter circuit 5 is chosen chip OP07 and is realized.Differential amplifier circuit 6 is selected high precision three amplifier chip AD620 for use, chip AD620 is by 3 special-purpose amplifiers of difference that accurate amplifier is integrated, have that low temperature floats, high-gain, high cmrr, low noise and other advantages, only need to regulate an outer meeting resistance and can change gain amplifier, and the precision height.
V/I change-over circuit 2 adopts two chip AD848 to build, and one places forward path, and one places feedback channel.
As shown in Figure 2, for adopting the detected output voltage V of the utility model embodiment
0With the graph of relation of external magnetic field on the Sensitive Apparatus 12, the A place is the excitation curve of Magnetic Sensor.
As shown in Figure 3, the biasing that produces bias magnetic fields through bias coil 9 moves to the linearity range of its excitation curve with the workspace of Magnetic Sensor, is convenient to measure.
As shown in Figure 4, be the output response of the magnetic sensor system that adds feedback back closed loop and the contrast of the output response of the open loop magnetic sensor system that does not add feedback.As shown in Figure 4, when adding feedback, measurement range H be ± 0.5Oe, and the circuit output linearity is 19.5%, sensitivity 451mv/Oe, and adding feedback back measurement range H is ± 1Oe that it is 10.8% that circuit is exported the linearity, sensitivity 219mv/Oe.The measurement range that adds the Sensitive Apparatus of the closed-loop system after feeding back has enlarged, and has improved the performance of whole magnetic sensor system.
Claims (7)
1. current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor, comprise: pre-amplification circuit (3), peak-detector circuit (4), low-pass filter circuit (5), differential amplifier circuit (6) and reference voltage source (11), it is characterized in that this current biasing circuit also comprises: signal generating circuit (1), V/I change-over circuit (2), dc bias circuit (7), feedback circuit (8), bias coil (9) and tickler (10);
The output terminal that is used to produce the signal generating circuit (1) of original high-frequency ac voltage signal links to each other with the input end that is used for original high-frequency ac voltage signal is converted into the V/I change-over circuit (2) of ac current signal, the output terminal of V/I change-over circuit (2) links to each other with an end of Sensitive Apparatus (12), the other end ground connection of Sensitive Apparatus (12); The input end of pre-amplification circuit (3) is connected on the two ends of Sensitive Apparatus (12), be used for that the high-frequency ac voltage signal that Sensitive Apparatus (12) two ends produce is carried out one-level and amplify, the output terminal of pre-amplification circuit (3) links to each other with the input end of peak-detector circuit (4); The high-frequency ac voltage conversion of signals that peak-detector circuit (4) is used for carrying out after one-level is amplified is the peak DC voltage signal, and the output terminal of peak-detector circuit (4) links to each other with the input end of low-pass filter circuit (5); The high frequency noise that low-pass filter circuit (5) is used for the peak DC voltage signal of elimination input obtains d. c. voltage signal, and the output terminal of low-pass filter circuit (5) links to each other with the input end of differential amplifier circuit (6); Differential amplifier circuit (6) is used for the reference voltage signal that d. c. voltage signal and reference voltage source (11) provide being carried out calculus of differences and amplifying, and the output terminal of differential amplifier circuit (6) connects the input end of feedback circuit (8); Feedback circuit (8) is used for output voltage signal V0 with differential amplifier circuit (6) and changes into current signal and feed back to tickler (10); Dc bias circuit (7) is used to produce a bias current signal and exports to bias coil (9); Bias coil (9) and tickler (10) place the both sides of Sensitive Apparatus (12) respectively, and ground connection all, and bias coil (9) is used to produce bias magnetic field, and tickler (10) is used to produce feedback magnetic field and regulates external magnetic field.
2. a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described signal generating circuit (1) adopts chip MAX038.
3. a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the power end of described signal generating circuit (1) has access to decoupling capacitance, and decoupling capacitance is parallel with the shunt capacitance that is used to suppress decoupling capacitance self self-sustained oscillation noise.
4. a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described signal generating circuit (1) produces the original high-frequency ac voltage signal of 0.75V～3V, the decoupling capacitance that the power end of signal generating circuit (1) inserts is 20uF～90uF, and shunt capacitance in parallel is 50nF～200nF.
5. a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described V/I change-over circuit (2) adopts two chip AD848 to build, and one places forward path, and one places feedback channel.
6. a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bias coil (9), by regulating the size of the bias current that dc bias circuit (7) produces, make the bias magnetic field of generation make the workspace reset of Magnetic Sensor near 2.6Oe.
7. a kind of current biasing circuit that is used for Magnetic Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that described feedback circuit (8) adopts accurate wire resistor, adjusts the degree of depth of feedback magnetic field by the value of adjusting accurate wire resistor.
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| CN103293492A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-11 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | Magnetic signal detection device and method |
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| CN105259521A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-20 | 株洲壹星科技股份有限公司 | Giant magneto-resistance sensor differential drive and magnetic field bias circuit and bias method |
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- 2011-05-20 CN CN2011201631277U patent/CN202083973U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| CN103293492A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-11 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | Magnetic signal detection device and method |
| CN105203971A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-30 | 无锡清杨机械制造有限公司 | Magnetometer |
| CN105455806B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2019-03-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Brain magnetic signal probe, sensor and acquisition system based on GMI effect |
| CN105455806A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-04-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Brain magnetic signal probe, sensor and collecting system based on GMI effect |
| CN105259521A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-20 | 株洲壹星科技股份有限公司 | Giant magneto-resistance sensor differential drive and magnetic field bias circuit and bias method |
| CN108780130B (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2020-09-15 | Tdk株式会社 | Magnetic sensor |
| CN108780130A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-11-09 | Tdk株式会社 | Magnetic sensor |
| CN106443527A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-02-22 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method and system for measuring magnetization curve of ferromagnetic conductor based on skin effect |
| CN107315150A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-03 | 中国地质大学（北京） | A kind of orthogonal basic mode fluxgate sensor |
| CN107315150B (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2023-09-19 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Orthogonal fundamental mode fluxgate sensor |
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| CN108490823A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-09-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-precision field drives stored program controlled |
| CN108680877A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-19 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Balance wiring multichannel superconductive quantum interference Magnetic Sensor |
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| CN109116273A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of negative feedback type GMI magnetic field probe of quick response |
| CN109116273B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2024-01-30 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Quick-response negative feedback type GMI magnetic field measurement sensor |
| CN111398880A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-07-10 | 中国计量大学上虞高等研究院有限公司 | Negative feedback type reading system for multiferroic magnetic sensor |
| CN111537112A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-14 | 上海工业自动化仪表研究院有限公司 | Excitation signal generator for magnetoelastic sensor |
| CN113945608A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-18 | 中国计量大学 | Magnetic induction phase shift measurement system based on magnetoelectric sensor |
| CN116338535A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-06-27 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Superconducting quantum interferometer readout circuit and system adopting self-feedback differential amplifier |
| CN116338535B (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-10-17 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Superconducting quantum interferometer readout circuit and system adopting self-feedback differential amplifier |
| CN117519397A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 成都新欣神风电子科技有限公司 | Zero bias adjustable circuit based on magnetic balance current sensor |
| CN117519397B (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-04-12 | 成都新欣神风电子科技有限公司 | Zero bias adjustable circuit based on magnetic balance current sensor |
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