CN201971789U - Multifunctional waste plastic pipe cracker - Google Patents
Multifunctional waste plastic pipe cracker Download PDFInfo
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- CN201971789U CN201971789U CN2011200293362U CN201120029336U CN201971789U CN 201971789 U CN201971789 U CN 201971789U CN 2011200293362 U CN2011200293362 U CN 2011200293362U CN 201120029336 U CN201120029336 U CN 201120029336U CN 201971789 U CN201971789 U CN 201971789U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a multifunctional waste plastic pipe cracker, which comprises a first reactor, a second reactor, a third reactor and coke knockers. A discharging port of the first reactor is connected with a feeding port of the second reactor; a discharging port of the second reactor is connected with a feeding port of the third reactor; a feeding port of the first reactor is connected with a feeding hopper by the aid of a pipeline; a flap valve, a storage silo and a flap valve are sequentially arranged on the pipeline; the coke knockers are arranged at one end of the first reactor, one end of the second reactor and one end of the third reactor respectively; each coke knocker consists of a piston and an air compressor; one end of each piston is inserted into one end of the corresponding air compressor; the other ends of the pistons are inserted into the inner walls of one end of the first reactor, one end of the second reactor and one end of the third reactor respectively; and the other end of the third reactor is connected with a slag ladle by the aid of a slagging control valve. The multifunctional waste plastic pipe cracker is simple in structure and convenient in adjustment, and is especially suitable for checking experimental sizes, pilot scale tests, trial-manufacture and cracking parameters by the aid of change of pipe diameters and lengths.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the resource and environment technical field, is specifically related to a kind of multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker.
Background technology
Along with China's rate of economic development constantly increases, the solid waste quantity that urban and rural residents abandoned constantly increases, content with considerable change was also arranged in the past.State Council once issued bulletin and points out: China's municipal wastes every year is with 10% speed increment, requires each city that treatment of urban garbage and recycling are included in during urban construction plans, accomplishes waste reductionization, harmless treatment and as energy exploitation and application.From refuse, reclaim resource, the energy, not only can protect and prolong primary resource longevity, remedy inadequate resource; simultaneously can reduce actual waste treatment capacity and traffic capacity, alleviate environmental pollution, maintaining ecological balance; have remarkable social benefit, and can obtain certain economic benefits.
The solid waste thermolysis is to utilize organic thermolability that macromolecular compound is decomposed into low molecular compound, and this process comprises a series of processes such as macromole bond rupture, isomerization and small molecules polymerization.The thermolysis mode is divided into depolymerization reaction type, stochastic Decomposition type and osculant that both have concurrently.Cut off the associative key between monomer molecule during depolymerization reaction type decomposes, polymkeric substance has been dissociated resolve into monomer.Utilize this reaction may obtain low-cost chemical industry starting monomer, have high economic worth, but handled macromolecular compound classification will be sorted out before the thermolysis.Chain break is at random during stochastic Decomposition type decomposes, thereby produce none fixed number purpose low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon, add appropriate catalyst and the product number of part chain length is wherein increased greatly and the product that obtains certain economic value, as combustion gas, gasoline, diesel oil etc.
With the waste or used plastics thermo-cracking is example, because plastics have good use properties, it and iron and steel, timber and cement etc. have constituted four big basic materials of modern industry.Along with the widespread use of plastics, the serious environmental that plastic waste brings is polluted and the resource reutilization problem also is subjected to people's attention day by day.The annual waste plastic amount that produces of China is about about 5,000,000 tons.Utilizing cracking process to produce liquid fuel oil by plastic waste, is one of effective means the most of plastic waste resource reutilization, to conservation of nature environment and prevent that ecological environmental pollution from having great importance.The cracking waste plastics technology is utilized its at high temperature unstable, labile character exactly, under secluding air and hot conditions, make reactions such as the polymer generation chain rupture of long-chain and dehydrogenation, to produce the process of liquid fuel oil, cracker is the basis of realizing this technology.
At present, can be used for mixed waste plastic cracked device vertical response still, tubular reactor and fluidized-bed reactor etc. are arranged.The vertical response still is with in the disposable adding still of plastic waste, and after question response finished, the blowing out cooling was opened reactor again and carried out artificial scarfing cinder, finishes cracking system oil process one time.The plastic waste back that is heated produces high viscosity and melts thing, be difficult to flow, and the carbon residue adheres on the wall of reactor, is unfavorable for its continuous eliminating.This technology exists that labour intensity is big, energy consumption is high, production efficiency is low, shortcomings such as frequent start-stop stove poor stability.And fluidized-bed reaction actuator temperature control ratio is difficult, and running cost is higher, also has problems such as oily water separation and flue gas recovery.
Plastic waste tubular type cracker ubiquity coking problem, this is a still unsolved difficult problem in the prior art.Its consequence is that along with the continuous increase of cracking furnace pipe internal surface coking, the heat transfer coefficient of boiler tube can reduce rapidly, pressure in the boiler tube falls also and strengthens thereupon, causes pyrolyzer must blowing out to burn after operation for some time, causes energy dissipation serious, the split product yield reduces, and economic benefit descends.Every year is very serious because of the loss that cracking furnace coking causes.
Summary of the invention
The utility model purpose is the deficiency that overcomes prior art, proposes a kind of enhancement of heat transfer, improves heat transfer efficiency and prevents the multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker of coking.
The multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker that the utility model proposes, form by first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2, the 3rd section reactor 4 and coke cutter 17, wherein: the discharge port of first section reactor 1 connects the opening for feed of second section reactor 2, and the discharge port of second section reactor 2 connects the opening for feed of the 3rd section reactor 4; The opening for feed of first section reactor 1 has hopper 13 by pipe connection, be provided with flap valve 14, storage bin 15 and flap valve 16 on this pipeline successively, the pipeline enclosure that is positioned at flap valve 14 and flap valve 16 is provided with the storage bin 15 of nitrogen pressure-vaccum mouth, and flap valve 14 is connected with hopper 13; First section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 one ends are equipped with coke cutter 17, and coke cutter 17 is positioned at first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 opening for feed front ends; Described coke cutter 17 is made up of piston 19 and air compressor machine 18, and piston 19 1 ends insert in air compressor machine 18 1 ends, and piston 19 the other ends insert respectively in first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 one end inwall; The 3rd section reactor 4 the other ends connect slag ladle 6 by slagging coutrol valve 5.
In the utility model, on first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 temperature controller 7, level meter 8 and tensimeter 9 are arranged all, and be evenly distributed with electric heater 3.
In the utility model, first section reactor 1 is provided with venting hole 12, is used to discharge HCl gas.
In the utility model, second section reactor 2 is provided with venting hole 11, is used to discharge noncondensable gas and splitting gas.
In the utility model, the 3rd section reactor 4 is provided with venting hole 10.Be used to discharge noncondensable gas and splitting gas.
The utility model comprises three sections reactors and other parts that have coke cutter, and emphasis solves: 1, coking and the heat transfer in the cracking waste plastics process; 2, seal charging and deslagging continuously; 3, HCL's deviates from problem.This device cracking product recovery rate height, safe and reliable, pollution-free, satisfy environmental requirement; Invest for a short time, cost is low.
Optimization design characteristics of the present utility model are:
1. the design of enhancement of heat transfer: the common thermo-efficiency that adds the heat pipe-type pyrolyzer is not high, causes the loss of a large amount of heats, has wasted a large amount of energy.The utility model adopts the lining of the compound plastic material of a kind of high blackness as tube cracking furnace, improves the furnace lining radiant ratio, realizes fast and even heating, thereby reduces coking and save the energy.When furnace temperature surpassed 300 ℃, infrared radiation heat transfer can reach more than 90% of total heat transfer.Plastic cracking belongs to endothermic process, and the characteristics of high blackness furnace lining are the heat transfer coefficients that has not only increased boiler tube, and because the radiative transfer of furnace lining makes being heated more fast of plastic waste and even.
2. the design of coke cleaning automatically: because the poor thermal conductivity of plastics, reasons such as the time that enters into the thermolysis state is long, and the reactor wall temperature distributing disproportionation is even, it is inhomogeneous to cause plastics to be heated, produced the carbonization coking phenomenon, the carbon residue of generation and cinder stick on the wall surface and make heat transfer deterioration.This has not only seriously influenced reaction process, and may cause the reactor local temperature too high and break.For solving the problem of pyrolyzer tube wall coking, this device has designed piston-type and has scraped slag coke cutter (see figure 2), the coke cutter front end is cut somebody's hair and is close to reactor wall, when reaction proceeds to certain phase, cuts somebody's hair and carries out forward with certain speed under compressed-air actuated effect.Whole process is finished the effect of playing scarfing cinder in the hypomere pusher, makes tube wall and storeroom keep good thermal conductivity.
3. seal the oxygen barrier design reliably: scission reaction need be carried out in anoxic or oxygen-free environment, if entrained air in the high-temperature cracking furnace, not only influence the process of scission reaction, and can produce burning and the danger of exploding, so charging and deslagging must secluding airs.The design adopts pneumatic pair of flap valve, and nitrogen pressure-vaccum mouth is arranged between two flap valves.Last valve opening, when lower valve was closed, material fell in the hopper, fills up storage bin; This moment, superposed flap valve cut out, and nitrogen pressure-vaccum mouth is opened simultaneously, closes after 10 seconds, and the flap valve that is positioned at the bottom is opened, and material falls in the storage bin, enters first section reactor, finishes the charging of once sealing oxygen barrier.Alternately open and close by upper and lower flap valve, the control feeding rate, the feeding rate of this cracker can be stablized control.The nitrogen pressure-vaccum mouth of design oxygen barrier not only herein simultaneously, and reduce nitrogen use level, back splitting gas composition is not caused any dilution effect.
4. An Quan residue discharge structure: the residue after the cracking waste plastics reaction finishes still has higher temperature, if directly be discharged into outdoorly, carbon black can be met air and be burnt, and outside air also can be diffused in the reactor, produces the danger of exploding.So the residue that reaction finishes needs the secluding air sealing to get rid of.Being installed at the 3rd section piston-type coke cutter on the reactor can send into remaining residue in the 3rd section reactor in the slag ladle.Adopt Pneumatic reverse turning bed valve to separate between slag ladle and the 3rd section reactor, slag ladle itself has carried out good sealing and cooling, can clear up with different frequency as required.
The utility model is compared with traditional cracked oiling device, has following characteristics:
1, the temperature of whole cracker can be controlled automatically by the humidity control system realization segmentation of design, and the major function of each section is very clear and definite, is particularly suitable for the cracking of the high solid waste of water ratio, and the cost of pre-treatment simultaneously is lower;
2, except that having used the efficient heat transfer furnace lining material, the piston-type coke cutter in each section reactor can play scarfing cinder and feeding two big functions effectively, has solved the difficult problem that boiler tube reduces because of the coking heat transfer efficiency;
3, the HCL gas that scission reaction initial stage of chloride refuse is generated has given to focus on, and has reduced secondary pollution; Improved the Working environment of scission reaction device;
4, solve charging of positiver sealing oxygen barrier and continuous safe deslagging problem, prevented the blast of cracker effectively;
5, this scission reaction apparatus structure is simple, easy to adjust, by the change of caliber and length, applicable to different production treatment scales, is particularly suitable for the check of experimental size, pilot scale, trial-production and cracking parameter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of coke cutter 17.Wherein: (a) being the piston initial equilibrium state, (b) is the whole state of piston.
Number in the figure: 1 is first section reactor, and 2 is second section reactor, and 3 is electric heater, and 4 is the 3rd section reactor, 5 is slagging coutrol valve, and 6 is slag ladle, and 7 is temperature controller (thermopair), 8 is level meter, and 9 is tensimeter, and 10 is venting hole, 11 is venting hole, and 12 is venting hole, and 13 is hopper, 14 is flap valve, and 15 for there being the storage bin of nitrogen pressure-vaccum mouth, and 16 is flap valve, 17 is coke cutter, and 18 is air compressor machine, and 19 is piston.
Embodiment
Further specify the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below by embodiment.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this device is made up of first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2, the 3rd section reactor 4 and coke cutter 17, on first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 temperature controller 7, level meter 8 and tensimeter 9 are arranged all, and be evenly distributed with electric heater 3.The discharge port of first section reactor 1 connects the opening for feed of second section reactor 2, and the discharge port of second section reactor 2 connects the opening for feed of the 3rd section reactor 4; The opening for feed of first section reactor 1 has hopper 13 by pipe connection, be provided with flap valve 14, storage bin 15 and flap valve 16 on this pipeline successively, the pipeline enclosure that is positioned at flap valve 14 and flap valve 16 is provided with the storage bin 15 of nitrogen pressure-vaccum mouth, and flap valve 14 is connected with hopper 13; First section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 one ends are equipped with coke cutter 17, and coke cutter 17 is positioned at first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 opening for feed front ends; Described coke cutter 17 is made up of piston 19 and air compressor machine 18, and piston 19 1 ends insert in air compressor machine 18 1 ends, and piston 19 the other ends insert respectively in first section reactor 1, second section reactor 2 and the 3rd section reactor 4 one end inwall; The 3rd section reactor 4 the other ends connect slag ladle 6 by slagging coutrol valve 5.First section reactor 1 is provided with venting hole 12, is used to discharge HCl gas.Second section reactor 2 is provided with venting hole 11, is used to discharge noncondensable gas and splitting gas.The 3rd section reactor 4 is provided with venting hole 10.Be used to discharge noncondensable gas and splitting gas.
Working process of the present utility model is as follows:
During actually operating, plastic waste enters hopper 13 through after simple screening, fragmentation and the compacting, and flap valve 14 is opened then, flap valve 16 cuts out, and material falls in the hopper 13, when treating that plastic waste fills up storage bin 15, flap valve 14 cuts out, and the nitrogen pressure-vaccum begins, and finishes after 10 seconds.Flap valve 16 is opened, and plastic waste falls in the storage bin 15, enters first section reactor 1, finishes the once sealing charging this moment.Alternately open and close by flap valve 14 and flap valve 16, the control feeding rate, the feeding rate of this device can realize controlling as required.
After plastic waste entered first section reactor 1, the PVC in the plastic waste was at 240 ~ 340 ℃, and the C-Cl bond rupture produces HCl gas and separates out, and is discharged by venting hole 12, focuses on.Can form acid rain because HCl enters in the atmosphere, in first section reactor 1, can make metal parts be subjected to burn into and catalyzer is lost activity and pollute oil gas etc., production technique be produced bigger influence, so this stage is called as the dechlorination stage.After the dechlorination, uncracked plastic waste is sent into second section reactor 2 by coke cutter 17.Second section reactor 2 is main scission reaction sections, and the basic cracking between 440 ~ 580 ℃ of various plastic waste finishes, and the noncondensable gas of generation and oil gas are discharged by vapor pipe 11, through after the condensation separation, collect oil product.Remaining a small amount of plastic waste and residue are sent into the 3rd section reactor 4 by coke cutter 17.
After second section cracking waste plastics reaction finished, the residue of the 3rd reactor 2 bottoms can mix a certain amount of heavy oil, together the residual oil of Gou Chenging.Existing technology is often directly discharged this part residual oil when residue, caused the waste of resource.For carbon black in the residual oil and heavy oil are separated effectively, reach the maximization of the utilization of resources, after main cracking section, installed the 3rd section reactor 4 additional, the effect of the 3rd section reactor 4 main deep pyrolytics, temperature is controlled at 550 ~ 600 ℃, make residual oil realize complete cracking, by slagging coutrol valve 5 small amounts of carbon black of remnants is entered slag ladle 6 at last.
Except that plastics, the utility model can also be used for being recycled of waste rubber, mud and other cleavable waste.
Claims (5)
1. multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker, form by first section reactor (1), second section reactor (2), the 3rd section reactor (4) and coke cutter (17), it is characterized in that: the discharge port of first section reactor (1) connects the opening for feed of second section reactor (2), and the discharge port of second section reactor (2) connects the opening for feed of the 3rd section reactor (4); The opening for feed of first section reactor (1) has hopper (13) by pipe connection, be provided with flap valve (14), storage bin (15) and flap valve (16) on this pipeline successively, the pipeline enclosure that is positioned at flap valve (14) and flap valve (16) is provided with the storage bin (15) of nitrogen pressure-vaccum mouth, and flap valve (14) is connected with hopper (13); First section reactor (1), second section reactor (2) and the 3rd section reactor (4) one ends are equipped with coke cutter (17), and coke cutter (17) is positioned at first section reactor (1), second section reactor (2) and the 3rd section reactor (4) opening for feed front end; Described coke cutter (17) is made up of piston (19) and air compressor machine (18), piston (19) one ends insert in air compressor machine (18) one ends, and piston (19) the other end inserts respectively in first section reactor (1), second section reactor (2) and the 3rd section reactor (4) the one end inwall; The 3rd section reactor (4) the other end connects slag ladle (6) by slagging coutrol valve (5).
2. multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker according to claim 1, it is characterized in that temperature controller (7), level meter (8) and tensimeter (9) are all arranged on first section reactor (1), second section reactor (2) and the 3rd section reactor (4), and be evenly distributed with electric heater (3).
3. multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that first section reactor (1) is provided with venting hole (12), is used to discharge HCl gas.
4. multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that second section reactor (2) is provided with venting hole (11), is used to discharge noncondensable gas and splitting gas.
5. multi-functional plastic waste tubular type cracker according to claim 1 is characterized in that the 3rd section reactor (4) is provided with venting hole (10), is used to discharge noncondensable gas and splitting gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011200293362U CN201971789U (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2011-01-28 | Multifunctional waste plastic pipe cracker |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011200293362U CN201971789U (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2011-01-28 | Multifunctional waste plastic pipe cracker |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN201971789U true CN201971789U (en) | 2011-09-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2011200293362U Expired - Fee Related CN201971789U (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2011-01-28 | Multifunctional waste plastic pipe cracker |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103045283A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-04-17 | 牛晓璐 | Continuous cracking process of waste rubber and device thereof |
| CN107559843A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-09 | 山东福航新能源环保股份有限公司 | A kind of closed feeding device in dangerous waste incineration processing |
-
2011
- 2011-01-28 CN CN2011200293362U patent/CN201971789U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103045283A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-04-17 | 牛晓璐 | Continuous cracking process of waste rubber and device thereof |
| CN103045283B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-06-24 | 牛晓璐 | Continuous cracking process of waste rubber and device thereof |
| CN107559843A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-09 | 山东福航新能源环保股份有限公司 | A kind of closed feeding device in dangerous waste incineration processing |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20110914 Termination date: 20140128 |