CN103923684B - Refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility and treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility and treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103923684B CN103923684B CN201410169770.9A CN201410169770A CN103923684B CN 103923684 B CN103923684 B CN 103923684B CN 201410169770 A CN201410169770 A CN 201410169770A CN 103923684 B CN103923684 B CN 103923684B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to energy Preparation equipment technical field, relate to a kind of refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility refuse pyrolysis being made oil fuel, comprise rotary kiln and fluidizing furnace, rotary kiln comprises the feeder, hopper, revolution furnace chamber, discharging bin, the condensate oil cooler that connect successively, condensate oil cooler is provided with oil outlet, and condensate oil cooler is connected with smoke discharging pipe I, and fluidizing furnace comprises boiling furnace chamber, air-supply arrangement and smoke discharging pipe II, the through boiling furnace chamber of revolution furnace chamber, is provided with gas jet and air distribution plate bottom boiling furnace chamber; Boiling furnace chamber returning charge mouth is connected with the bottom of discharging bin by revert pipe, and boiling furnace chamber is returned gas port and is connected with smoke discharging pipe I by backwind tube; Air compartment is connected with air-supply arrangement; The bottom of boiling furnace chamber is provided with ash tube, and rubbish is without the need to classification, pyrolysis and burning is carried out respectively, thermo-efficiency is high, can reclaim, be burnt by pyrolysis gas simultaneously, the refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility of non-secondary pollution to flue gas heat.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to energy Preparation equipment technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of by rubbish particularly difficult degradation refuse pyrolysis make the refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility of oil fuel.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of modern industry and the raising of people's living standard, kind and the quantity of domestic waste increase day by day.Particularly based on the synthetic polymer rubbish of rubber and plastics, not easily degrade at occurring in nature, easily severe contamination is caused to physical environment, in recent years, the method that people's treating refuse adopts mainly contain concentrated landfill method, mechanical absorption method, burn utilize method and pyrolysis method, wherein pyrolysis method be divided into again gasification and pyrolysis and liquefaction pyrolysis.Concentrated landfill method is the most conventional, fill out underground, but the difficult degradation rubbish such as synthetic polymer rubbish exists at Underground Long-term, contaminated soil and underground water by buried for rubbish; The object of machinery absorption method is Resource recovery and utilizes its surplus value, but recovery utilization rate is low, and can not unlimitedly reclaim, can not as final recovering means; Burn and utilize method can reclaim heat energy in rubbish, decrement is than large, but the exhaust emission environment of the gas-solid product of high-temp combustion rubbish and soil; Need in the method for pyrolytic gasification by garbage crushing to fine, energy consumption is huge; Pyrolysis oil preparation method reclaims gas-liquid-solid resource, and decrement is than large, and secondary pollution is few, have good economic benefit and social benefit.
At present, refuse pyrolysis liquefaction device has moving-bed, fixed bed, fire grate bed, rotary kiln and fluid bed furnace etc., principal feature is that garbage shares combustion heat release meets pyrolysis heat dissipation, combustion product gases and pyrolysis gas are mixed into condensing works, and the condensable gases in combustion product gases and pyrolysis gas is condensed into pyrolysis oil, and its shortcoming is obvious: flue gas composition not only has influence on the quality of pyrolysis oil, flue gas cool-down also increases condensation load, external heat source power consumption is large, and energy utilization rate is low, also produces secondary pollutant.The heat-economy of the size reflection equipment of hear rate needed for thermo-cracking, for reducing the hear rate of refuse pyrolysis liquefaction, reduce the generation of secondary pollutant, Pintsch process is towards low temperature pyrolyzer future development.Tested known by great many of experiments, the solid residue of low temperature pyrogenation still has considerable thermal value, but reclaims solid residue waste heat, using fluidized bed combustion low value energy residue as thermal source, and carries out thermo-cracking in rotary kiln and the mode that combines, is not reported so far.Because rubber, plastics can obtain higher oil yield, and the calorific value of pyrolysis oil is higher, can be used as fuel or industrial chemicals, have broad prospects, so the research mainly plastics both at home and abroad in refuse pyrolysis liquefaction, the difference pyrolysis of the rubbish such as waste rubber, but, plastics, the pyrolysis of waste rubber has some different qualities, plastics, the synthetic polymer class difficult degradation rubbish such as waste rubber are different from again domestic waste, composting is in Low Temperature Pyrolysis Process, may occur between heterogeneity to interact and reduce pyrolysis efficiency, therefore, be badly in need of design a kind of by rubbish particularly difficult degradation rubbish carry out the refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility of pyrolysis oil preparation, and by the method for refuse pyrolysis liquefaction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the shortcoming overcoming prior art existence, seek to design a kind of rubbish without the need to classification, pyrolysis with burning is carried out respectively, thermo-efficiency is high, can reclaim flue gas heat, pyrolysis gas is burnt simultaneously, the refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility of non-secondary pollution and pyrolysis oil preparation method.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility, comprise rotary kiln, described rotary kiln comprises the feeder connected successively, hopper, revolution furnace chamber, discharging bin, condensate oil cooler, the bottom of described condensate oil cooler is provided with oil outlet, described condensate oil cooler is connected with smoke discharging pipe I, it is characterized in that: also comprise fluidizing furnace, described fluidizing furnace comprises boiling furnace chamber and coupled air-supply arrangement and smoke discharging pipe II, the through boiling furnace chamber of described revolution furnace chamber, through interface is provided with comb teeth shape tightness system, the bottom of described boiling furnace chamber is provided with gas jet and air distribution plate, the lower floor of described air distribution plate is air compartment, described boiling furnace chamber is provided with returning charge mouth and return gas port, and described returning charge mouth is connected with the bottom of discharging bin by revert pipe, described in return gas port and be connected with smoke discharging pipe I by backwind tube, the bottom of described air compartment is connected with air-supply arrangement, the bottom of described boiling furnace chamber is also provided with the ash tube of through air distribution plate.
Preferably: described air-supply arrangement comprises air preheater, gas blower, air preheater is made up of the cavity outside air supply duct and air supply duct, described smoke discharging pipe II is connected with the entrance of air preheater air supply duct outer chamber, and the outlet of air preheater air supply duct outer chamber is provided with smoke induced draught fan.
Preferably: the outside of described revolution furnace chamber is installed with variable gear, and described air distribution plate is provided with blast cap,
Preferably: the smoke discharging pipe I of described condensate oil cooler is communicated with described boiling furnace chamber by backwind tube, and smoke discharging pipe I and backwind tube junction are provided with recirculation blower.
Preferably: described rotary kiln feed end is provided with condensation water jacket.
Preferably: described anti-material pipe is connected with fuel feeder.
Preferably: described boiling furnace chamber is inverted L shape, its horizontal component is provided with timing sootblower near smoke discharging pipe II place.
Preferably: described ash tube is connected with continuous ash dropped unit.
Preferably: described feeder is hydraulic drive feeder or screw propulsion feeder.
Preferably: overall downward-sloping 5-8 ° of described rotary kiln.
A method for refuse pyrolysis liquefaction, its step is as follows:
(1) start: open gas blower, in boiling furnace chamber, carry combustion air through air supply duct, utilize gas jet ignition oven, flue gas is up and level washes away rotary kiln under smoke induced draught fan effect, improves the temperature in revolution furnace chamber;
(2) pan feeding: when the temperature in boiling furnace chamber reaches 400 DEG C, start condensation water jacket and variable gear, rotary kiln is made to start to rotate, by feeder, rubbish pending in hopper is sent into revolution furnace chamber, revolution furnace chamber discharge end exports gas solid substances, and solid residue enters the burning of boiling furnace chamber, when reaching 500 DEG C in boiling furnace chamber through anti-material pipe, by fuel feeder to transfer the fuel in fluidizing furnace, gradually reduce until stop the burning of combustion gas;
(3) liquefaction: start recirculation blower, make pyrolysis smoke in revolution furnace chamber enter condensate oil cooler, flows out through oil outlet after condensable gases cooling condensation and collects, and non-condensable gases is except part emptying, and major part enters the burning of boiling furnace chamber through pipeline; Along with the residue in revolution furnace chamber enters boiling furnace chamber through anti-material pipe, progressively stop by fuel feeder to transfer the fuel in boiling furnace chamber;
(4) stable: the flue-gas temperature in boiling furnace chamber is reduced to about 400 DEG C and left boiling furnace chamber through smoke discharging pipe II, enters air preheater, make under induced draft fan effect flue gas by air preheater after enter chimney; Gas blower delivers air in air preheater, after enter fluidizing furnace as combustion air through air distribution plate and blast cap; Start the continuous ash discharging gear bottom fluidizing furnace, lime-ash is discharged through ash tube, ensure that the fuel bed depth in fluidizing furnace on air distribution plate is close to constant, start timing sootblower, be blown into bottom boiling furnace chamber by the cigarette ash being deposited on boiling furnace chamber horizontal position, refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility starts steady running.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: pending rubbish can be not sorting rubbish, more applicable for the difficult degradation such as plastics, rubber class rubbish, is not strict with the size of material; Roarykiln pyrolysis and vertical boiling furnace combustion organic assembling, the heat of rubbish residue, combustible gas and thermal source flue gas is fully used; Pyrolysis and burning are carried out respectively, and controllability is excellent, and ensure that the impact of pyrolysis oil from flying dust, burning moisture, and calorific value is high, product are of fine quality; The setting of condensation water jacket prevents rubbish to soften bonding because of heat by conduction, can send in the rotary kiln of sweep of gases smoothly; By air preheater, the heat of discharging flue gas is reclaimed, improve capacity usage ratio; Again burn after coagulating oil to pyrolysis gas, the secondary pollutions such as nitrogen-containing oxide, dioxin, heavy metal are few; Decrement has reclaimed pyrolysis oil while large, achieves energy saving and environment friendly refuse treatment, is particularly useful for the pyrolysis for garbage decrement and the difficult degradation such as plastics, waste rubber rubbish and resource utilization, has a good application prospect and environmental benefit.The bio oil that plastics, rubber or its mixture pyrolysis are collected, only needs simple optimizing process namely to can be used as fuel or industrial chemicals.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of refuse pyrolysis liquefaction equipment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1: feeder 1, hopper 2, condensation water jacket 3, variable gear 4, timing sootblower 5, revolution furnace chamber 6, boiling furnace chamber 7, combed tightness system 8, fuel feeder 9, condensate oil cooler 10, recirculation blower 11, oil outlet 12, anti-material pipe 13, air distribution plate 14, ash tube 15, air supply duct 16, air preheater 17, gas blower 18, smoke induced draught fan 19, smoke discharging pipe II20, blast cap 21, discharging bin 22, continuous ash discharging gear 23, gas jet 24, smoke discharging pipe I25, backwind tube 26.
Embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is further described below by specific embodiment:
Embodiment one
The refuse pyrolysis liquefaction equipment of the present embodiment, comprise rotary kiln, rotary kiln comprises the feeder 1 connected successively, hopper 2, revolution furnace chamber 6, discharging bin 22, condensate oil cooler 10, the bottom of condensate oil cooler 10 is provided with oil outlet 12, condensate oil cooler 10 is connected with smoke discharging pipe I25, also comprise fluidizing furnace, fluidizing furnace comprises boiling furnace chamber 7 and coupled air-supply arrangement and smoke discharging pipe II20, the through boiling furnace chamber 7 of revolution furnace chamber 6, through interface is provided with interdigitated electrode structure tightness system 8, the bottom of boiling furnace chamber 7 is provided with gas jet 24 and air distribution plate 14, the lower floor of air distribution plate 14 is air compartment, boiling furnace chamber 7 is provided with returning charge mouth and returns gas port, and returning charge mouth is connected by the bottom of revert pipe 13 with discharging bin 22, returns gas port and is connected with smoke discharging pipe I25 by backwind tube 26, the bottom of air compartment is connected with air-supply arrangement, the bottom of boiling furnace chamber 7 is also provided with the ash tube 15 of through air distribution plate 14.
Air-supply arrangement comprises air preheater 17, gas blower 18, air preheater 17 is made up of the cavity outside air supply duct 16 and air supply duct, smoke discharging pipe II20 is connected with the entrance of air preheater 17 air supply duct outer chamber, and the outlet of air preheater 17 air supply duct outer chamber is provided with smoke induced draught fan 19.The outside of revolution furnace chamber 6 is installed with variable gear 4, and air distribution plate 14 is provided with blast cap 21, and the smoke discharging pipe I25 of condensate oil cooler 10 is communicated with boiling furnace chamber 7 by backwind tube 26, and smoke discharging pipe I25 and backwind tube 26 junction are provided with recirculation blower 11.Revolution furnace chamber 6 feed end is provided with condensation water jacket 3.Boiling furnace chamber 7 is inverted L shape, and its horizontal component is provided with timing sootblower 5 near smoke discharging pipe II20 place, feeder 1 is hydraulic drive feeder, overall downward-sloping 5 ° of revolution furnace chamber 6.Anti-material pipe 13 is connected with fuel feeder 9, and ash tube 15 is connected with continuous ash dropped unit 23.
The method of refuse pyrolysis liquefaction, its step is as follows:
(1) start: open gas blower 18, in boiling furnace chamber 7, combustion air is carried through air supply duct 16, utilize gas jet 24 ignition oven, flue gas up and level under smoke induced draught fan 19 acts on washes away revolution furnace chamber 6, improves the temperature in revolution furnace chamber 6;
(2) pan feeding: when the temperature in boiling furnace chamber 7 reaches 400 DEG C, start condensation water jacket 3 and variable gear 4, revolution furnace chamber 6 is made to start to rotate, by feeder 1, rubbish pending in hopper 2 is sent into revolution furnace chamber 6, revolution furnace chamber 6 discharge end exports gas solid substances, and solid residue enters boiling furnace chamber 7 through anti-material pipe 13 and burns, when reaching 500 DEG C in boiling furnace chamber 7, by fuel feeder 9 to transfer the fuel in boiling furnace chamber 7, gradually reduce until stop the burning of combustion gas;
(3) liquefaction: start recirculation blower 11, pyrolysis smoke in revolution furnace chamber 6 is made to enter condensate oil cooler 10, flow out through oil outlet 12 after condensable gases cooling condensation and collect, non-condensable gases is except part emptying, and major part enters boiling furnace chamber 7 through backwind tube 26 and burns; Along with the residue in revolution furnace chamber 6 enters boiling furnace chamber 7 through anti-material pipe 13, progressively stop by fuel feeder 9 to transfer the fuel in boiling furnace chamber 7;
(4) stable: the flue-gas temperature in boiling furnace chamber 7 is reduced to about 400 DEG C and left boiling furnace chamber 7 through smoke discharging pipe II20, enters air preheater 17, make under smoke induced draught fan 19 acts on flue gas by air preheater 17 after enter chimney; Gas blower 18 delivers air in air preheater 17, after through air distribution plate 14 and blast cap 21 enter boiling furnace chamber 7 as combustion air; Start the continuous ash discharging gear 23 bottom boiling furnace chamber 7, lime-ash is discharged through ash tube 15, ensure that the fuel bed depth in boiling furnace chamber 7 on air distribution plate 14 is close to constant, start timing sootblower 5, be blown into bottom boiling furnace chamber 7 by the cigarette ash being deposited on boiling furnace chamber 7 horizontal position, refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility starts steady running.
Embodiment two
Divided by outside lower difference, other are with embodiment one: feeder 1 is screw propulsion feeder, and applicable particle diameter is greater than the refuse treatment that 30 millimeters are less than or equal to 50 millimeters, overall downward-sloping 8 ° of rotary kiln 6.
The lime-ash thermal value that revolution furnace chamber 6 falls, at about 16MJ/kg, is suitable for boiling furnace chamber 7 fuel; Pyrolysis gas enters the pyrolysis oil of collecting after condensate oil cooler 10 moisture only 5 ~ 8%, and thermal value reaches 36MJ/kg, oil yield about 40%, and relevant with the ratio of plastics in composting and rubber, rubber ratio is larger, oil yield and thermal value higher.
Claims (4)
1. a refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility, comprise the rotary kiln feeder (1) connected successively, hopper (2), rotary kiln (6), rotary kiln discharging bin (22), condensate oil cooler (10), the outside of described rotary kiln (6) is installed with variable gear (4), described condensate oil cooler (10) bottom is provided with oil outlet (12), condensate oil cooler (10) side is provided with smoke discharging pipe I (25), it is characterized in that: also comprise fluidizing furnace (7), described rotary kiln (6) through fluidizing furnace (7), through interface is provided with comb teeth shape tightness system (8), described fluidizing furnace (7) bottom is provided with air distribution plate (14), air distribution plate (14) is provided with blast cap (21), air distribution plate (14) upper strata is combustion chamber, bottom of combustion chamber is provided with gas jet (24), air distribution plate (14) lower floor is air compartment, the combustion chamber of managing (13) and fluidizing furnace (7) is expected by fluidizing furnace is counter in described rotary kiln discharging bin (22) bottom, air supply duct (16) is connected bottom the air compartment of described fluidizing furnace (7), the air intake vent of air supply duct (16) is connected with gas blower (18), described fluidizing furnace (7) bottom is provided with the ash tube (15) of through air distribution plate (14), the combustion chamber of described fluidizing furnace (7) is provided with smoke discharging pipe II (20), comprise air preheater (17), gas blower (18), air preheater (17) is made up of air supply duct (16) and air supply duct (16) outer chamber, described smoke discharging pipe II (20) is connected with the entrance of air preheater (17) air supply duct (16) outer chamber, and the outlet of air preheater (17) air supply duct (16) outer chamber is provided with smoke induced draught fan (19), the smoke discharging pipe I (25) of described condensate oil cooler (10) side is by the combustion chamber of backwind tube (26) with described fluidizing furnace (7), and smoke discharging pipe I (25) and backwind tube (26) junction are provided with recirculation blower (11), described rotary kiln (6) feed end is provided with condensation water jacket (3), described fluidizing furnace is counter expects that pipe (13) is connected with fuel feeder (9), described fluidizing furnace (7) is inverted L shape, and its horizontal component is provided with timing sootblower (5) near smoke discharging pipe II (20) place, overall downward-sloping 5-8 ° of described rotary kiln (6).
2. refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described ash tube (15) is connected with continuous ash dropped unit (23).
3. refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that: described rotary kiln feeder (1) is hydraulic drive feeder or screw propulsion feeder.
4. a method for refuse pyrolysis liquefaction, its step is as follows:
(1) start: open gas blower 18, in boiling furnace chamber 7, combustion air is carried through air supply duct 16, utilize gas jet 24 ignition oven, flue gas up and level under smoke induced draught fan 19 acts on washes away revolution furnace chamber 6, improves the temperature in revolution furnace chamber 6;
(2) pan feeding: when the temperature in boiling furnace chamber 7 reaches 400 DEG C, start condensation water jacket 3 and variable gear 4, revolution furnace chamber 6 is made to start to rotate, by feeder 1, rubbish pending in hopper 2 is sent into revolution furnace chamber 6, revolution furnace chamber 6 discharge end exports gas solid substances, and solid residue enters boiling furnace chamber 7 through anti-material pipe 13 and burns, when reaching 500 DEG C in boiling furnace chamber 7, by fuel feeder 9 to transfer the fuel in boiling furnace chamber 7, gradually reduce until stop the burning of combustion gas;
(3) liquefaction: start recirculation blower 11, pyrolysis smoke in revolution furnace chamber 6 is made to enter condensate oil cooler 10, flow out through oil outlet 12 after condensable gases cooling condensation and collect, non-condensable gases is except part emptying, and major part enters boiling furnace chamber 7 through backwind tube 26 and burns; Along with the residue in revolution furnace chamber 6 enters boiling furnace chamber 7 through anti-material pipe 13, progressively stop by fuel feeder 9 to transfer the fuel in boiling furnace chamber 7;
(4) stable: the flue-gas temperature in boiling furnace chamber 7 is reduced to about 400 DEG C and left boiling furnace chamber 7 through smoke discharging pipe II20, enters air preheater 17, make under smoke induced draught fan 19 acts on flue gas by air preheater 17 after enter chimney; Gas blower 18 delivers air in air preheater 17, after through air distribution plate 14 and blast cap 21 enter boiling furnace chamber 7 as combustion air; Start the continuous ash discharging gear 23 bottom boiling furnace chamber 7, lime-ash is discharged through ash tube 15, ensure that the fuel bed depth in boiling furnace chamber 7 on air distribution plate 14 is close to constant, start timing sootblower 5, be blown into bottom boiling furnace chamber 7 by the cigarette ash being deposited on boiling furnace chamber 7 horizontal position, refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility starts steady running.
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| CN201410169770.9A CN103923684B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | Refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility and treatment process thereof |
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| CN201410169770.9A CN103923684B (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2014-04-25 | Refuse pyrolysis liquefaction treatment facility and treatment process thereof |
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| CN103923684A CN103923684A (en) | 2014-07-16 |
| CN103923684B true CN103923684B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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| CN105329587B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-08-24 | 新沂城北新区城市建设发展有限公司 | Refuse treatment plant |
| CN106765154B (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2019-03-19 | 山东大学 | A kind of medical waste pyrolysis disposal plant, method and application being quenched based on microwave |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102901102A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-01-30 | 东南大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of bio-oil prepared by city household garbage and heat energy |
| CN203256229U (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-10-30 | 周鼎力 | Equipment for producing fuel by using domestic garbage |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102901102A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-01-30 | 东南大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of bio-oil prepared by city household garbage and heat energy |
| CN203256229U (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-10-30 | 周鼎力 | Equipment for producing fuel by using domestic garbage |
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