CN201918950U - Series excited direct-current motor controller with regenerative braking function - Google Patents
Series excited direct-current motor controller with regenerative braking function Download PDFInfo
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- CN201918950U CN201918950U CN2010206892480U CN201020689248U CN201918950U CN 201918950 U CN201918950 U CN 201918950U CN 2010206892480 U CN2010206892480 U CN 2010206892480U CN 201020689248 U CN201020689248 U CN 201020689248U CN 201918950 U CN201918950 U CN 201918950U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a series excited direct-current motor controller with a regenerative braking function, which comprises a storage battery, a main switch, an armature, an exciter, a power switch device, a changeover switch, third freewheeling diodes and first freewheeling didoes, wherein the changeover switch is used for connecting the armature and the exciter in parallel or in series, the third freewheeling diodes are connected in parallel to two ends of a series branch of the armature and the exciter when the armature and the exciter are connected in series, the third freewheeling diodes are connected in parallel to two ends of the exciter when the armature and the exciter are connected in parallel, the first freewheeling diodes are connected in parallel to two ends of the main switch, negative electrodes of the first freewheeling diodes are connected with a positive electrode of the storage battery. The series excited direct-current motor controller can realize regenerative braking of a series excited direct-current motor, is simple in hardware structure and low in cost, kinetic energy of vehicles in braking or descending can be recycled effectively to recharge the storage battery, energy utilization efficiency is improved, wheel locking risk is reduced effectively, and the series excited direct-current motor controller is significant in improving stability and controllability of a vehicle in braking.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the speed regulating control technology of motor, particularly a kind of copped wave controller with regenerative braking function that is used for the series DC machine of electric automobile.
Background technology
In recent years, serious day by day along with energy crisis and environmental problem, problems such as the unsustainable property of the fuel of traditional combustion engine automobile, high pollution more and more are subjected to people's attention.Particularly oil crisis and explosion of monetary crisis inflicted heavy losses on traditional automobile industry, and the development electric automobile becomes the common strategy of each big automobile vendor of the world and selects.In this respect, China does one's utmost to the support of ev industry, has set up electric automobile " three vertical three horizontal strokes " research and development layout.
Electric automobile in the process of moving because to brake often, descending, greatly energy is not fully utilized, thereby causes the significant wastage of the energy.The regenerative braking technology, i.e. energy recovery technology can be with braking energy feedback in storage battery, thereby has prolonged the continual mileage of electric motor car, improves the brake fail safe simultaneously, is a kind of technology that has economic value and social value.
Series DC machine has at aspects such as electric automobile, electronic engineering trucks widely and uses owing to have characteristics such as big detent torque, high overload performance.But, the magnet exciting coil of series machine usually and armature coil be connected in series, if utilize traditional boost boost chopper to carry out regenerative braking, when device for power switching (or electronic power switch device) disconnects, the current vanishes of magnet exciting coil, the magnetic field of magnet exciting coil disappears thereupon, so the back electromotive force at armature coil two ends can not be kept.Therefore, reason owing to the series DC machine self structure, can not utilize boost boost chopper in general sense to carry out energy recuperation, therefore use the motor vehicle of the series machine energy can't be with brake or descending the time on the market widely and recycle effectively, caused huge energy dissipation.
Aspect existing theory and technology, application for a patent for invention number is that 200910022492.3 " control system with series excited direct current cross-connected double motor of braking function " provided a kind of control system with series excited direct current cross-connected double motor of braking function, this method adopts two motor interconnections, provide exciting current mutually, thereby exciting current can not disappear when guaranteeing PWM control.This method can realize the regenerative braking of series machine, but owing to need control two motors simultaneously, the cost height, control method complexity, practicality are not high.
Another method is that number of patent application is the design of 200410020795.9 invention " the direct current machine chopper speed regulator of regenerative braking ", this design is attempted traditional alignment circuit is adjusted, designed a regenerative braking loop, when regenerative braking, switch to this loop, thereby realize the regenerative braking function.But can be very easy to find by analyzing, (Q disconnects when utilizing this circuit that operating state is switched to brake regenerative braking mode, the Z closure) time, and armature coil MQ provides freewheel current for magnet exciting coil simultaneously to battery charge unlike the inventor is said.This is because disconnect the moment of Z closure as Q, magnet exciting coil FQ not only can not keep electric current, can make electric current moment reverse on the contrary, thereby produce reverse excitation field, armature coil MQ what is called can not be kept to the back electromotive force of battery charge like this, so can not reach the purpose of regenerative braking, do so also and can cause very big impact simultaneously the armature and the magnet exciting coil of motor, be easy to cause the damage of motor.
Summary of the invention
The utility model purpose is: at the deficiencies in the prior art, excitation can not afterflow and make armature that the problem that continues back electromotive force can not be provided when solving braking, a kind of modified model boost circuit that can be applicable to series DC machine is provided, the category of regenerative braking technique extension to series DC machine, obtain a kind of series DC machine controller, the energy is fully utilized with regenerative braking function.
The technical solution of the utility model is: a kind of series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function, comprise the storage battery, main switch J3, armature M, excitation W and the device for power switching K that are connected in series, also comprise the diverter switch J4 that makes armature M and excitation W be connected in parallel or be connected in series, and when armature M and excitation W series connection, be connected in parallel on the two ends of the series arm of armature M and excitation W, when armature M and excitation W are in parallel, be connected in parallel on the 3rd fly-wheel diode FWD at excitation W two ends; Be parallel with the first fly-wheel diode PX at the two ends of described main switch J3; The negative pole of the described first fly-wheel diode PX connects the positive pole of storage battery.
Further, in the described series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function, be parallel with the second fly-wheel diode PD at the two ends of described armature M.
Further, in the described series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function, described diverter switch J4 comprises 6 contacts, first end of first contact and armature M is connected, second is connected with second end of the 3rd contact and armature M, the 4th is connected first end of excitation W with the 5th contact, second end of excitation W connects first end of device for power switching K, and the 6th contact of diverter switch J4 connects second end of device for power switching K; Second contact of diverter switch J4 links to each other with the 5th contact, and perhaps first contact and the 4th contact connection, the 3rd contact and the 6th contact are communicated with.
Further, described series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function also comprises rotating diverter switch J1, J2, and rotating diverter switch J1, J2 are connected to the two ends of excitation W, perhaps are connected the two ends of armature M.
Further, in the described series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function, described main switch J3, diverter switch J4, rotating diverter switch J1, J2 adopt a kind of switching device among relay, pliotron, mos pipe, IGBT, the IPM respectively.
Further, in the described series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function, described device for power switching K is a metal-oxide-semiconductor, and its grid is added with the pwm pulse control signal; Or described device for power switching K is power transistor, and its base stage is added with the pwm pulse control signal; Or described device for power switching K is IGBT pipe, and its grid is added with the pwm pulse control signal; Or described device for power switching K is IPM, and its drive controlling input pin is added with the pwm pulse control signal.
Further, described series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function also comprises the current sensor IS that connects with storage battery.
The utility model has the advantages that:
The present invention improves the existing boost boost chopper that is used for general direct current machine, make the series DC machine of used for electric vehicle when braking, can guarantee that magnet exciting coil has electric current to pass through all the time, thereby guarantee that excitation field exists all the time, armature coil can have lasting back electromotive force to produce to be used to battery charge, thereby the kinetic energy of motor vehicle under brake and operating state such as descending is converted into the electric energy of storage battery, the purpose of realization regenerative braking.
The design compared with prior art can realize the regenerative braking of series DC machine, and hardware configuration is simple simultaneously, and cost is low.Particularly the adding of regenerative braking technology has greatly economic worth and social value for the motor vehicle of extensive use series machine.On the one hand, the kinetic energy when the regenerative braking technology can effectively reclaim vehicle brake or descending also recharges storage battery, improves energy utilization rate; On the other hand, traditional series machine electric motor car adopts the mode of braking of pure machinery, and braking effect is poor, and phenomenons such as locking easily take place, and causes intact stability and handling decline.After introducing regenerative braking, can effectively shorten braking distance, simultaneously because regenerative braking is the braking of pulsed, braking force changed with the PWM cycle, rather than it is invariable, risk that can effective less wheel lock up, the stability of vehicle and handling all significant when improving brake.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further described:
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of the series DC machine controller of the utility model embodiment;
Simplification circuit theory diagrams when Fig. 2 is in drive pattern for the utility model embodiment;
Simplification circuit theory diagrams when Fig. 3 is in the regenerative braking pattern for the utility model embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment: have shown in the main circuit accompanying drawing 1 of series DC machine controller of regenerative braking function, comprise the main switch J3, armature M, diverter switch J4, excitation W and the device for power switching K that are connected in series.This main circuit can be operated in drive pattern and regenerative braking pattern, moves the conversion that realizes drive pattern and regenerative braking pattern by the contact of diverter switch J4.The diverter switch J4 of present embodiment comprises 6 contacts, first end of first contact and armature is connected, second is connected with second end of the 3rd contact and armature, the 4th is connected first end of excitation with the 5th contact, second end of excitation connects first end of device for power switching K, and the 6th contact of diverter switch J4 connects second end of device for power switching K.When diverter switch J4 did not press, its second contact linked to each other with the 5th contact, simultaneously main switch K is pressed, and made the series connection of armature and excitation, and electric machine controller is in drive pattern, and circuit diagram can be reduced to as shown in Figure 2; When diverter switch J4 presses, its first contact and the 4th contact are communicated with, second contact and the 5th contact disconnect, the 3rd contact and the 6th contact are communicated with, make armature and excitation parallel connection, simultaneously main switch K is disconnected, electric machine controller is in the regenerative drives pattern, and circuit diagram can be reduced to as shown in Figure 3.
In the present embodiment, rotating diverter switch J1, J2 are connected to the two ends of excitation W, the sense of current that is used for control flows overexcitation coil can be realized the commutation of exciting current by the on off state that changes rotating diverter switch J1, J2, thereby realizes the rotating control of motor.Vehicle is in neutral gear when J1 as shown in Figure 1, J2 state, and the last switch of J1 and J2 disconnects following switch closure.The upper and lower switch gearing of J1, J2 changes, when following switch disconnects, and last switch closure.Rotating diverter switch J1 state changes or the change of rotating diverter switch J2 state can make motor be in the forward or reverse state respectively, realizes moving forward and backward of motor vehicle.In like manner, the rotating diverter switch can also be connected on the two ends of armature M, plays the effect of control motor positive and inverse equally.The tie point of the last switch of rotating diverter switch J1 and J2 is first end of excitation, and the tie point of the following switch of rotating diverter switch J1 and J2 is second end of excitation.
Be connected with the first fly-wheel diode PX at the two ends of main switch J3 reverse parallel connection, the negative pole of the first fly-wheel diode PX connects the positive pole of storage battery.Also be parallel with a diode at the two ends of main switch in the prior art, it plays the effect of protection main switch J3 when main switch J3 disconnects.Fly-wheel diode PX in the present embodiment not only plays the effect of protection main switch J3 when drive pattern, the more important thing is that providing when the regenerative braking pattern is the path of charge in batteries, with prior art very big difference is arranged, and effect is different, and parameter is also different.At the two ends of armature M reverse parallel connection the second fly-wheel diode PD is arranged.The two ends reverse parallel connection of the series circuit of forming in armature M, diverter switch J4, excitation has the 3rd fly-wheel diode FWD.And when diverter switch J4 switches to the regenerative braking pattern; the 3rd fly-wheel diode FWD is connected in reverse parallel in the two ends of excitation; FWD constitutes continuous current circuit by fly-wheel diode; the 3rd fly-wheel diode FWD in the existing technology only plays the afterflow protective effect in drive pattern; the 3rd fly-wheel diode FWD of present embodiment is when regeneration mode; also have the effect of exciting current afterflow, thereby keep stator field.Preferably, fly-wheel diode PX, PD and FWD adopt the afterflow Schottky tube.These fly-wheel diodes all play the double action of afterflow and protective circuit.
The device for power switching K of present embodiment adopts metal-oxide-semiconductor (Metal-Oxide-SemiconductorField-Effect-Transistor, isolated gate FET), and pwm pulse is added in the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor.Device for power switching K can also select for use power transistor, IGBT to manage (InsulatedGateBipolarTransistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor) or IPM(IntelligentPowerModule, Intelligent Power Module) switching device such as, if selection power transistor, pwm pulse are added in the base stage of power transistor; If select the IGBT pipe for use, pwm pulse is added in the grid of IGBT pipe; If select IPM for use, pwm pulse is added in the drive controlling input pin of IPM.
In the present embodiment, main switch J3, diverter switch J4, rotating diverter switch J1, J2 all realize with relay, cost is lower, certainly, can also adopt switching devices such as pliotron, mos pipe, IGBT, IPM to replace, utilize the mechanical contact handoff functionality of the break-make replacement relay of switching device.
As shown in Figure 2, under drive pattern, the series connection of the armature of motor and excitation, and be connected on the accumulator anode and cathode two ends after metal-oxide-semiconductor K connects.By the break-make of PWM control metal-oxide-semiconductor K, metal-oxide-semiconductor is open-minded when PWM is high level, and storage battery is armature and excitation power supply, and drive motors rotates.Metal-oxide-semiconductor turn-offed when PWM was low, and armature, exciting current avoid metal-oxide-semiconductor induced electromotive force when turn-offing that motor is caused damage respectively by fly-wheel diode PD, FWD afterflow.Recently control the average voltage at motor two ends by the duty of regulating PWM, thereby reach the purpose of regulating motor speed.
As shown in Figure 3, main circuit places under the regenerative braking pattern, and armature and excitation are in state in parallel, and links to each other with accumulator anode and cathode by diode PX.Armature M is connected in parallel on the two ends of metal-oxide-semiconductor K and excitation composition series arm, and PWM control metal-oxide-semiconductor K turns on and off, thus the size of control exciting current.When PWM is high level, metal-oxide-semiconductor K conducting, armature, excitation, metal-oxide-semiconductor K form a loop, and the back electromotive force at armature two ends is the excitation power supply by this branch road, and excitation W accumulation of energy produces excitation field, guarantees the generation of armature back electromotive force.Simultaneously owing to there are inductance in armature, excitation self, armature, magnetizing inductance accumulation of energy under the regenerative braking pattern.
When PWM when low, metal-oxide-semiconductor K turn-offs, main circuit has formed two loops: first loop: the continuous current circuit of excitation and diode FWD composition; Second loop: the charge circuit that armature M, diode PX, storage battery are formed.Wherein, electric current in first loop in the excitation carries out afterflow by diode FWD, because the magnetizing inductance charge-discharge energy equates, find that through calculating afterflow stage exciting current is constant substantially, thereby can keep the magnetic field intensity of motor stator, there is back electromotive force in the armature two ends when guaranteeing the motor rotation.All the time exist owing to stator field in second loop, guaranteed that there is back electromotive force all the time in the armature two ends, this loop is owing to connect with storage battery simultaneously, the electric current rapid drawdown, inductance in the armature releases energy, produce induced electromotive force, thereby the back electromotive force addition of this induced electromotive force and armature can obtain being higher than the high voltage of battery tension, is charge in batteries by diode PX.
By changing the break-make that the PWM duty is recently regulated metal-oxide-semiconductor, reach the purpose that changes regenerative braking moment and energy recuperation effect.
Simultaneously shunt, current sensor IS etc. can be installed on major loop and be used to detect electric current, and detected value is delivered to main control chip, thereby realize closed-loop control.
The above only is a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, can not limit the scope that the utility model is implemented with this, and all simple conversion of doing according to the utility model claim and description all should still belong to protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function, comprise the storage battery, main switch (J3), armature (M), excitation (W) and the device for power switching (K) that are connected in series, it is characterized in that: also comprise the diverter switch (J4) that makes armature (M) and excitation (W) be connected in parallel or be connected in series, and when the series connection of armature (M) and excitation (W), be connected in parallel on the two ends of the series arm of armature (M) and excitation (W), when armature (M) and excitation (W) parallel connection, be connected in parallel on the 3rd fly-wheel diode (FWD) at excitation (W) two ends; Be parallel with first fly-wheel diode (PX) at the two ends of described main switch (J3); The negative pole of described first fly-wheel diode (PX) connects the positive pole of storage battery.
2. according to the series DC machine controller described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: be parallel with second fly-wheel diode (PD) at the two ends of described armature (M) with regenerative braking function.
3. according to the series DC machine controller described in claim 1 or 2 with regenerative braking function, it is characterized in that: described diverter switch (J4) comprises 6 contacts, first contact is connected with first end of armature (M), second is connected with second end of the 3rd contact with armature (M), the 4th is connected first end of excitation (W) with the 5th contact, second end of excitation (W) connects first end of device for power switching (K), and the 6th contact of diverter switch (J4) connects second end of device for power switching K; Second contact of diverter switch (J4) links to each other with the 5th contact, and perhaps first contact and the 4th contact connection, the 3rd contact and the 6th contact are communicated with.
4. according to the series DC machine controller described in claim 1 or 2 with regenerative braking function, it is characterized in that: also comprise rotating diverter switch (J1, J2), rotating diverter switch (J1, J2) is connected to the two ends of excitation (W), perhaps is connected the two ends of armature (M).
5. according to the series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that: described main switch (J3), diverter switch (J4), rotating diverter switch (J1, J2) adopt a kind of switching device among relay, pliotron, mos pipe, IGBT, the IPM respectively.
6. according to the series DC machine controller with regenerative braking function described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: described device for power switching (K) is a metal-oxide-semiconductor, and its grid is added with the pwm pulse control signal; Or described device for power switching (K) is power transistor, and its base stage is added with the pwm pulse control signal; Or described device for power switching (K) is the IGBT pipe, and its grid is added with the pwm pulse control signal; Or described device for power switching (K) is IPM, and its drive controlling input pin is added with the pwm pulse control signal.
7. according to the series DC machine controller described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise current sensor IS with the storage battery series connection with regenerative braking function.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010206892480U CN201918950U (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2010-12-30 | Series excited direct-current motor controller with regenerative braking function |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010206892480U CN201918950U (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2010-12-30 | Series excited direct-current motor controller with regenerative braking function |
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| CN201918950U true CN201918950U (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102013865A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-13 | 西安交通大学苏州研究院 | Series excitation direct-current motor controller with regenerative braking function |
| CN102499616A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-06-20 | 天津大学 | Acceleration transducer based three-dimensional magnetic field positioning system and method of endoscope probe |
| CN103117696A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 河北工业大学 | Controller for reversing of series motor of series electric vehicle |
| CN103441713A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 东南大学 | Switch-on angle and switch-off angle adjusting method for switched reluctance motor |
| CN105656359A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-06-08 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Electric tool and brake circuit suitable for motor |
| CN108973780A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-11 | 南京恒天领锐汽车有限公司 | A kind of novel pure electric heavy type automobile brake resistance control device |
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2010
- 2010-12-30 CN CN2010206892480U patent/CN201918950U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102013865A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-13 | 西安交通大学苏州研究院 | Series excitation direct-current motor controller with regenerative braking function |
| CN102013865B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-06-27 | 西安交通大学苏州研究院 | Series excitation direct-current motor controller with regenerative braking function |
| CN102499616A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-06-20 | 天津大学 | Acceleration transducer based three-dimensional magnetic field positioning system and method of endoscope probe |
| CN103117696A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 河北工业大学 | Controller for reversing of series motor of series electric vehicle |
| CN103441713A (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2013-12-11 | 东南大学 | Switch-on angle and switch-off angle adjusting method for switched reluctance motor |
| CN103441713B (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-07-08 | 东南大学 | Method for adjusting switch-on angle and switch-off angle of switched reluctance motor |
| CN105656359A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-06-08 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Electric tool and brake circuit suitable for motor |
| CN105656359B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2018-06-26 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Electric tool and the braking circuit suitable for motor |
| CN108973780A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-11 | 南京恒天领锐汽车有限公司 | A kind of novel pure electric heavy type automobile brake resistance control device |
| WO2020057291A1 (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 南京恒天领锐汽车有限公司 | Novel brake resistor control apparatus for pure electric heavy-duty vehicle |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20110803 Effective date of abandoning: 20120627 |