CN201746545U - 循环式沼气发生器 - Google Patents

循环式沼气发生器 Download PDF

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CN201746545U
CN201746545U CN2010201855907U CN201020185590U CN201746545U CN 201746545 U CN201746545 U CN 201746545U CN 2010201855907 U CN2010201855907 U CN 2010201855907U CN 201020185590 U CN201020185590 U CN 201020185590U CN 201746545 U CN201746545 U CN 201746545U
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李琼均
李夏
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种循环式沼气发生器,能够有效解决目前水压式沼气池产气率不高、浮渣结壳以及排污困难的问题,包括进料口、出料口、发酵池、脱硫器、沼气燃具和导气管,发酵池埋在地下,废料从进料口排入发酵池,发酵池下部安装有潜水泵,潜水泵的出水管与安装在地面的发酵罐连通,发酵罐底部管道设有阀门并与出料口连通,发酵罐顶部安装的管道连通到发酵池顶部,经过初步发酵后的液体从发酵池经潜水泵抽取到发酵罐,发酵罐经过太阳光照射加热,罐内温度升高,发酵罐内的发酵液产气效率迅速提高,同时抽取上来的沉淀物可以直接从发酵罐排出,因此提升了发酵池的产气效率和处理效率,具有清洗容易、排污方便,以及沼气产气效率高的优点。

Description

循环式沼气发生器 
技术领域
本实用新型涉及生产沼气的装置,尤其适用于农村家庭的小型沼气发生器。 
背景技术
目前农村使用的沼气池大多数是水压式沼气池,水压式沼气池上部气室完全封闭,随着沼气的不断产生,沼气压力相应提高。这个不断增高的气压,迫使沼气池内的一部分料液进到与池体相通的水压间内,使得水压间内的液面升高。这样一来,水压间的液面跟沼气池体内的液面就产生了一个水位差。用气时,沼气开关打开,沼气在水压下排出;当沼气减少时,水压间的料液又返回池体内,使得水位差不断下降,导致沼气压力也随之相应降低,这种利用部分料液来回串动,引起水压反复变化来贮存和排放沼气。如专利申请号为“200810180333.1”的“家用沼气发生器”就是此类沼气池。 
水压式沼气池型有不少优点,如池体结构受力性能良好,而且充分利用土壤的承载能力,所以省工省料,成本比较低,由于沼气池周围都与土壤接触,对池体保温有一定的作用,但同时也存在一些缺点,如由于没有搅拌装置,池内浮渣容易结壳,又难于破碎,所以发酵原料的利用率不高,池容产气率(即每立方米池容积一昼夜的产气量)偏低,一般产气率每天仅为0.15米3/立方米左右,另外由于活动盖直径不能加大,对发酵原料以秸秆为主的沼气池来说,大出料工作比较困难。 
发明内容
本实用新型提供一种循环式沼气发生器,能够有效解决目前水压式沼气池产气率不高、浮渣结壳及排污困难的问题。 
为了实现上述目的,本实用新型的循环式沼气发生器,包括进料口、出料口、发酵池、脱硫器、沼气燃具和导气管,发酵池埋在地下,废料如动物粪便、动植物以及生活废弃物等从进料口排入发酵池进行发酵,发酵池下部安装有潜水泵,潜水泵安装在能够抽取发酵池发酵液和沉淀物的位置,潜水泵的出水管与安装在地面的发酵罐连通,发酵罐体积比发酵池小,安置在地面容易受到太阳光照射的地方,发酵罐底部管道设有阀门并与出料口连通,通过操控阀门开 关来实现对发酵罐底部沉淀物的排放控制,发酵罐顶部安装的管道连通到发酵池顶部。 
发酵池通过管道与安装在地面上的发酵罐的底部和上部连通,潜水泵通过阀门与管道连通,打开阀门并且潜水泵接通时,发酵池和发酵罐形成循环加热,即经过初步发酵后的液体从发酵池经潜水泵抽取到发酵罐,发酵罐经过太阳光照射加热,罐内温度升高,发酵罐内的发酵液产气效率迅速提高,同时多抽上来的发酵液从上部的管道回流到发酵池,既可以冲破发酵池内的浮渣结壳,又可以加热发酵池内的发酵液,因此提升了发酵池的产气效率和处理效率,具有清洗容易、排污方便,以及沼气产气效率高的优点。 
附图说明
图1是本实用新型循环式沼气发生器的结构示意图。 
具体实施方式
如图1所示,埋在地下的发酵池10与便池、废弃物等杂质的进料口3相通,进料口与发酵池通过水密封防止发酵池内气体泄漏,发酵池下部安装有潜水泵12,潜水泵安装在能够抽取发酵池发酵液8和沉淀物的位置,潜水泵的出水管4通过阀门15与安装在地面的发酵罐1连通,潜水泵是可装拆的,当需要抽取发酵池10的发酵液到发酵罐1时,打开阀门15并接通潜水泵即可,平时不需要抽取发酵液时,则关闭阀门15并把潜水泵提出来。 
发酵罐体积比发酵池小,安置在地面容易受到太阳光照射的地方,发酵罐用不锈钢材料做成,发酵罐顶盖可以采用透明材料,如耐高压的钢化玻璃材料,发酵罐底部管道5设有阀门13并与出料口7连通,通过操控阀门13开关来实现对发酵罐底部沉淀物的排放控制。出料口7与发酵池10之间设置有安全管道14,该安全管道连通出料口和发酵池,并且一端插入到发酵池液面以下一定距离,如5-50厘米,当发酵池内的沼气压力增大到一定程度,压迫发酵液水平面下降,当发酵液降低到一定高度,安全管道14的端口就裸露出来,沼气就可以从该管口排出,从而起到排气减压的作用,提高了沼气池的安全程度。发酵罐1上部安装的管道2连通到发酵池顶部,发酵池顶部的沼气输出管道连接到脱硫装置6,最后与沼气燃具11连接。 
一般情况下,当沼气气压不足时,关闭阀门13,打开阀门15,启动潜水泵12,从沼气发酵池10内抽取发酵液到发酵罐1,当发酵液水平面到达管道2管口时,发酵液从管道2往下冲洗发酵池10表面的浮渣,从而打碎浮渣结壳,另外由于潜水泵充分搅动发酵池,池内的沼气充分释放,气压也明显增加;当需要排放废渣时,只需要打开发酵罐底部管道阀门13,废渣就能轻松排放,达到了破壳、搅拌、增压、排渣的多重效果,效果非常明显。 
按采用厌氧方式处理废水,影响沼气产气主要的因素是温度、浓度,以温度为例低温发酵温度范围为15-20℃,中温发酵温度范围为30-35℃,高温发酵温度范围为50-55℃,当温度低于最优下限值温度时,每下降1度消化速率下降11%。一般来说,埋在地下的发酵池温度要低于地上受到阳光照射的发酵罐问题,因此发酵罐的沼气产气率要高于发酵池,通过反复的循环式抽取发酵池液体到发酵罐进行加温,能有效的提高沼气产气率,同时可以方便的排出沉淀物。 
实施例1:发酵池5立方米,发酵罐容积为0.65立方米,发酵18天后沼气可以使用,容积产气率为2次,白天为25kpa,夜为20kpa,平均有22kpa压力表,每天可开出1-16kpa沼气压力,比普通发酵池多产沼气1倍。 
实施例2:发酵池与发酵罐容积与实施例1相同,发酵罐顶盖采用不锈钢材料,太阳光直接照射加热发酵罐,发酵率比普通发酵池提高1倍。 

Claims (8)

1.一种循环式沼气发生器,包括进料口(3)、出料口(7)、发酵池(10)、脱硫器(6)、沼气燃具(11)和导气管,发酵池(10)埋在地下,其特征在于:发酵池(10)通过管道(2、5)与安装在地面上的发酵罐(1)的底部和上部连通,发酵池(10)下部安放有潜水泵(12),潜水泵通过阀门(15)与管道(5)连通,打开阀门(15)并且接通潜水泵时发酵池(10)和发酵罐(1)内的发酵液形成循环流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的循环式沼气发生器,其特征在于:所述潜水泵是可装拆的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的循环式沼气发生器,其特征在于:发酵罐(1)底部管道(5)设有阀门(13),该阀门出口管道与出料口(7)连通。
4.根据权利要求1所述的循环式沼气发生器,其特征在于:出料口(7)与发酵池(10)之间设置有安全管道(14),所述安全管道(14)连通出料口和发酵池,并且一端插入到发酵池液面以下一定距离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的循环式沼气发生器,其特征在于:所述插入发酵池液面距离为5-50厘米。
6.根据权利要求1或3所述的循环式沼气发生器,其特征在于:发酵罐(1)是用不锈钢材料做成的。
7.根据权利要求1或3所述的循环式沼气发生器,其特征在于:发酵罐(1)顶盖是透明的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的循环式沼气发生器,其特征在于:发酵罐(1)顶盖采用玻璃材料。 
CN2010201855907U 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 循环式沼气发生器 Expired - Fee Related CN201746545U (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103122309A (zh) * 2013-03-20 2013-05-29 广西壮族自治区环境保护科学研究院 一种带循环搅拌器的气压式沼气池
WO2021013698A1 (en) * 2019-07-22 2021-01-28 Solar Foods Oy Bioreactors for growing micro-organisms

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103122309A (zh) * 2013-03-20 2013-05-29 广西壮族自治区环境保护科学研究院 一种带循环搅拌器的气压式沼气池
WO2021013698A1 (en) * 2019-07-22 2021-01-28 Solar Foods Oy Bioreactors for growing micro-organisms

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