Dryer
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of dryer that is used for granular material is carried out drying.
Background technology
At present, granular material is carried out drying, generally utilize the hot-air that flows to brush granular material, take away moisture content contained in the granular material, to realize the purpose of oven dry material.
Existing a kind of being used for carried out dry dryer to granular material, comprise housing and air exhauster, be provided with the heat-resisting bearing net that along continuous straight runs is arranged in the housing, heat-resisting bearing net is separated into drying chamber and hotair chamber with housing, and drying chamber is positioned at the hotair chamber top; Drying chamber top is provided with charging aperture and exhaust outlet, and the sidewall of drying chamber is provided with discharging opening, and air exhauster is located on the exhaust outlet; The indoor heater that is equipped with of air heat, the sidewall of hotair chamber is provided with air intake, and hotair chamber communicates with the dryer air outside by air intake.When carrying out drying materials, add granular substance to be dried from charging aperture and expect the drying chamber that granular material is deposited in (mesh of heat-resisting bearing net should drop in the heating clamber to prevent granular material less than granular material) on the heat-resisting bearing net; Close charging aperture then, and start air exhauster and heater; Owing to have minim gap between the granular material, therefore when air exhauster turns round, can be in drying chamber and the indoor formation negative pressure of air heat, extraneous air enters hotair chamber from air intake, the hot-air that is formed by heater heating back enters drying chamber by the mesh on the heat-resisting bearing net, discharges from exhaust outlet after passing the gap between the granular material; When hot-air passed gap between the granular material, granular material was heated, and the moisture content in the granular material gives out with the form of water vapour, the water vapour that gives out is discharged from exhaust outlet with thermal air current, like this, behind the air exhauster operation certain hour, granular material is dried; Material through oven dry is discharged from discharging opening.This drying machine structure is fairly simple, and has certain drying effect and efficient, but, because granular material to be dried is deposited on the heat-resisting bearing net, granular material keeps static in whole drying course, and the gap between the granular material is small, therefore the granular material of stacking forms bigger resistance to hot-air, the speed that hot-air flows in drying chamber is lower, and granular material has sizable a part of surface can not the direct contact heat air, cause drying efficiency lower thus, and energy consumption is higher.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of simple and compact for structure and drying efficiency is high, energy consumption is lower dryer.The technical scheme that adopts is as follows:
A kind of dryer, comprise drying baker and hotair chamber, drying baker is provided with charging aperture, discharging opening and exhaust outlet, the exhaust ports of drying baker is equipped with air exhauster, and hotair chamber is communicated with drying baker, the indoor heater that is provided with of air heat, hotair chamber is provided with air inlet, it is characterized in that: be provided with the material conveyer belt that many along continuous straight runs are provided with in the described drying baker, each material conveyer belt is arranged from top to bottom, and the direction of advance of adjacent two material conveyer belts is opposite; The endless belt driving mechanism that the material conveyer belt comprises the endless belt and can drive annular tape running, the endless belt is provided with mesh; The air inlet place of hotair chamber is equipped with air blast.
The upper surface of endless belt is the transmission plane that is used to transmit material, in the utility model, presses the direction of advance of transmission plane, and the front end of material conveyer belt, rear end refer to the original position and the terminal position of transmission plane respectively.The endless belt is cycle operation under the driving of endless belt driving mechanism; At the front end of material conveyer belt, the corresponding site of endless belt is transferred to upper surface by lower surface, advances to material conveyer belt rear end subsequently; In the rear end of material conveyer belt, the corresponding site of endless belt is transferred to lower surface by upper surface, and reversion subsequently is to material conveyer belt front end.
Granular material to be dried adds from charging aperture, and drops on the uppermost material conveyer belt; Advance under the drive of uppermost material conveyer belt subsequently, when advancing to the rear end of uppermost material conveyer belt, granular material drops on the second layer material conveyer belt from uppermost material conveyer belt; Second layer material conveyer belt is with the direction of advance conveying granular material opposite with uppermost material conveyer belt, and when advancing to the rear end of second layer material conveyer belt, granular material drops on the 3rd layer of material conveyer belt from second layer material conveyer belt; All the other drop from the rear end of nethermost material conveyer belt until granular material by that analogy, and discharge from discharging opening.When each material conveyer belt transmits granular material, air blast, heater and air exhauster start, air blast is sent outside air into hotair chamber, the hot-air that obtains after the heater via heating enters drying baker, granular material is heated, moisture content in the granular material gives out with the form of water vapour, and the water vapour that gives out is discharged from exhaust outlet with thermal air current; Air exhauster cooperates with air blast, form to flow to comparatively stable in drying baker and speed thermal air current faster, and the thermal air current that contains water vapour is discharged as early as possible, accelerates drying rate.
Each material conveyer belt position relation in the horizontal direction should satisfy following requirement: the granular material that drops from the rear end of a last material conveyer belt should drop on the transmission plane of next adjacent material conveyer belt.Like this, the below that the transmission plane of next material conveyer belt is positioned at an adjacent last material conveyer belt rear end (that is to say, a last material conveyer belt rear end is corresponding to certain position between the front and back end of next material conveyer belt), to admit the granular material that drops from the rear end of a last material conveyer belt.
The back of preferred each material conveyer belt rear end is equipped with striker plate, and is gapped between striker plate and the material conveyer belt rear end.The effect of striker plate is to prevent to splash backward from the granular material that material conveyer belt rear end is sent, granular material can be dropped on the transmission plane of next material conveyer belt the position exactly, and the striker plate of nethermost material conveyer belt back then can make the granular material position fall into discharging opening exactly.
Above-mentioned endless belt driving mechanism can adopt existing structure, and for example: (1) adopts drive roll and driven voller with the endless belt tensioning, and adopts power set to drive drive roll, drives the endless belt when drive roll rotates and advances; Or (2) are respectively equipped with a chain-drive mechanism in the both sides, endless belt, chain-drive mechanism comprises chain, drive sprocket and driven sprocket, the both sides of endless belt are connected with two chains respectively, the drive sprocket of both sides is coaxial fixedly connected, the driven sprocket of both sides is coaxial fixedly connected, and adopt power set to drive drive sprocket, and drive chain when drive sprocket rotates and advance, advance thereby drive the endless belt.
Above-mentioned endless belt can adopt woven wire to make, and also can adopt the method for a plurality of mesh of processing on zone face to make.Usually mesh should leak to prevent granular material less than granular material.
Above-mentioned charging aperture is usually located at the top of uppermost material conveyer belt; Charging aperture also can be positioned at the position of drying baker sidewall near the drying baker top.
In a kind of scheme, charging aperture is positioned at the top of uppermost material conveyer belt, and the charging aperture place on the drying baker is installed into hopper, and the outlet of feed hopper is elongated usually in this case.Because the material conveyer belt constantly advances when drying, therefore as long as the load of suitable control feed hopper can sprinkle the granular material that one deck thickness is even and thickness is suitable on uppermost material conveyer belt upper berth.
In another kind of scheme, in order more effortlessly granular material to be delivered on the uppermost material conveyer belt, preferred above-mentioned dryer also comprises feed mechanism, feed mechanism comprises support body and last strip, last strip is installed on the support body, last strip is obliquely installed (promptly go up the transmission plane of strip and horizontal plane and have one greater than zero and less than 90 ° angle) from bottom to top, and the upper end of last strip is positioned at the top of uppermost material conveyer belt.Charging aperture be positioned at uppermost material conveyer belt above situation under, the upper end of last strip is positioned at charging aperture top; Be positioned under the situation of drying baker sidewall near the position at drying baker top at charging aperture, the upper end of last strip is stretched into drying baker and is in the top of uppermost material conveyer belt from charging aperture.The lower end of last strip is near ground.When reinforced, on last strip, granular material is promoted to the strip upper end by last strip with granular material spreading to be dried, and drops from last strip upper end at last, through dropping on behind the charging aperture on the uppermost material conveyer belt.
Above-mentioned discharging opening is usually located at the below of the rear end of nethermost material conveyer belt.Discharge bucket can be installed by above-mentioned discharging opening place, and the granular material that falls into discharging opening is discharged from the outlet of discharge bucket, so that the collection of granular material, packing.
Preferred above-mentioned air blast and exhaust outlet are in the both sides of drying baker respectively, air blast is near an end of material conveyer belt, and exhaust outlet is near the other end of material conveyer belt, like this, under the acting in conjunction of air blast and air exhauster, in drying baker, form from the thermal air current of air blast, and thermal air current can fully contact with the granular material on each material conveyer belt, help quickening the evaporation of moisture content in the granular material and the discharge of water vapour to the exhaust outlet steady flow.Above-mentioned exhaust outlet is connected with wind pipe usually, and wind pipe can guide the air-flow of the moisture vapor of discharging from exhaust outlet to be discharged to extraneous space.
The utility model adopts many material conveyer belts back and forth to transmit granular material in drying baker, can either prolong the drying time of oven dry path and granular material, guarantee good drying effect, can save the floor space of drying baker again, make drying machine structure simply compact.On the one hand, granular material is transmitted by the material conveyer belt, contacts with thermal air current at the volley, can increase the relative velocity of granular material and hot-air; On the other hand, the endless belt of material conveyer belt is provided with mesh, make the surface of granular material fully expose, can increase the contact area of granular material and thermal air current, and when granular material drops to down from level to level on the material conveyer belt from the rear end of last layer material conveyer belt, granular material tends to overturn, and makes that thus the whole surface of granular material basically can both the direct contact heat air; Again on the one hand, the endless belt is provided with mesh, can reduce the resistance that thermal air current is subjected to, by cooperating of air exhauster and air blast, can make the thermal air current in the drying baker keep the bigger flow velocity and the comparatively stable flow direction, the thermal air current that contains water vapour is discharged as early as possible, so the drying efficiency height, dries quantity is good, and energy consumption is lower.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model preferred embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of material conveyer belt among Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, this dryer comprises drying baker 1, hotair chamber 2 and feed mechanism.
Drying baker 1 is provided with charging aperture 3, discharging opening 4 and exhaust outlet 5, and exhaust outlet 5 places of drying baker 1 are equipped with air exhauster 6, and hotair chamber 2 is communicated with drying baker 1, is provided with heater 7 in the hotair chamber 1, and hotair chamber 2 is provided with air inlet 8; Be provided with the material conveyer belt 9 that four along continuous straight runs are provided with in the drying baker 1, each material conveyer belt 9 is arranged from top to bottom, the direction of advance of adjacent two material conveyer belts 9 opposite (direction of advance is shown in the arrow among Fig. 1); Air inlet 8 places of hotair chamber 2 are equipped with air blast 10.The back of each material conveyer belt 9 rear end is equipped with striker plate 11, and is gapped between striker plate 11 and material conveyer belt 9 rear ends.
Feed mechanism comprises support body (support body does not draw in the accompanying drawing) and last strip 12, last strip 12 is installed on the support body, last strip 12 is obliquely installed (promptly go up the transmission plane of strip 12 and horizontal plane and have one greater than zero and less than 90 ° angle) from bottom to top, and the upper end of last strip 12 is positioned at the top of uppermost material conveyer belt 9; In the present embodiment, charging aperture 3 is positioned at drying baker 1 sidewall near the position at drying baker 1 top, and the upper end of last strip 12 is stretched into drying baker 1 and is in the top of uppermost material conveyer belt 9 from charging aperture 3; The lower end of last strip 12 is near ground.In addition, also charging aperture 3 can be located at the top of uppermost material conveyer belt 9, the upper end of last strip 12 is positioned at charging aperture 3 tops.
Discharging opening 4 is positioned at the below of the rear end of nethermost material conveyer belt 9, and discharging opening 4 places are equipped with discharge bucket 13.
Air blast 10 and exhaust outlet 5 are in the both sides of drying baker 1 respectively, and air blast 10 is near an end of material conveyer belt 9, and exhaust outlet 5 is near the other end of material conveyer belt 9; Exhaust outlet 5 is connected with wind pipe 14, and wind pipe 14 can guide the air-flow of the moisture vapor of discharging from exhaust outlet 5 to be discharged to extraneous space.
With reference to figure 2, in the present embodiment, the endless belt driving mechanism that material conveyer belt 9 comprises endless belt 91 and can drive annular tape running; Wherein endless belt 91 adopts woven wire to make, and endless belt 91 is provided with mesh 92, and mesh 92 should be less than granular material 15; The endless belt driving mechanism adopts following structure, 91 both sides are respectively equipped with a chain-drive mechanism in the endless belt, chain-drive mechanism comprises chain 93, drive sprocket 94 and driven sprocket 95, the both sides of endless belt 91 are connected with two chains 93 respectively, the drive sprocket 94 of both sides is coaxial fixedly connected, the driven sprocket 95 of both sides is coaxial fixedly connected, and adopts power set to drive drive sprocket 94.
The upper surface of endless belt 91 is the transmission plane that is used to transmit material, in the present embodiment, presses the direction of advance of transmission plane, and the front end of material conveyer belt 9, rear end refer to the original position and the terminal position of transmission plane respectively.Each material conveyer belt 9 position relation in the horizontal direction should satisfy following requirement: the granular material 15 that drops from the rear end of a last material conveyer belt 9 should drop on the transmission plane of next adjacent material conveyer belt 9 (that is to say that a last material conveyer belt 9 rear ends are corresponding to certain position between the front and back end of next material conveyer belt 9).
Brief description is the operation principle of this dryer once:
During work, on last strip 12, granular material 15 is promoted to strip 12 upper ends by last strip 12 with granular material to be dried 15 spreadings, drops on uppermost material conveyer belt 9 from last strip 12 upper ends at last; Advance under the drive of uppermost material conveyer belt 9 subsequently, when advancing to the rear end of uppermost material conveyer belt 9, under the cooperation of striker plate 11, granular material 15 drops on the second layer material conveyer belt 9 from uppermost material conveyer belt 9; Second layer material conveyer belt 9 is with the direction of advance conveying granular material 15 opposite with uppermost material conveyer belt 9, when advancing to the rear end of second layer material conveyer belt 9, under the cooperation of striker plate 11, granular material 15 drops on the 3rd layer of material conveyer belt 9 from second layer material conveyer belt 9; The 3rd layer of material conveyer belt 9 is with the direction of advance conveying granular material 15 opposite with second layer material conveyer belt 9, when advancing to the rear end of the 3rd layer of material conveyer belt 9, under the cooperation of striker plate 11, granular material 15 drops on the nethermost material conveyer belt 9 from the 3rd layer of material conveyer belt 9; Nethermost material conveyer belt 9 is with the direction of advance conveying granular material 15 opposite with the 3rd layer of material conveyer belt 9, drop into discharging opening 4 from the rear end of nethermost material conveyer belt 9 until granular material 15, the granular material that falls into discharging opening 4 is discharged from the outlet of discharge bucket 13.
When each material conveyer belt 9 transmits granular material 15, air blast 10, heater 7 and air exhauster 6 start, air blast 10 is sent outside air into hotair chamber 2, the hot-air that obtains after heater via 7 heating enters drying baker 1, to granular material 15 heating, moisture content in the granular material 15 gives out with the form of water vapour, and the water vapour that gives out is discharged from exhaust outlet 5 with thermal air current.
Advancing of material conveyer belt 9 realizes by following mode: when drive sprocket 94 rotates, drive chain 93 and advance, advance thereby drive endless belt 91; At the front end of material conveyer belt 9, the corresponding site of endless belt 91 is transferred to upper surface by lower surface, advances to material conveyer belt 9 rear ends subsequently; In the rear end of material conveyer belt 9, the corresponding site of endless belt 91 is transferred to lower surface by upper surface, and reversion subsequently is to material conveyer belt 9 front ends.
In addition, the quantity of material conveyer belt 9 can be provided with according to actual needs in the drying baker 1, is not limited to four of the foregoing description.
In other embodiments, the endless belt driving mechanism also can adopt following structure: adopt drive roll and driven voller with the endless belt tensioning, and adopt power set to drive drive roll, drive the endless belt when drive roll rotates and advance.
In other embodiments, above-mentioned endless belt also can adopt the method for a plurality of mesh of processing on zone face to make.
In other embodiments, charging aperture is positioned at the top of uppermost material conveyer belt, and the charging aperture place on the drying baker is installed into hopper, and the outlet of feed hopper is elongated usually in this case.Because the material conveyer belt constantly advances when drying, therefore as long as the load of suitable control feed hopper can sprinkle the granular material that one deck thickness is even and thickness is suitable on uppermost material conveyer belt upper berth.